Notes

Scorpion bradykinin potentiating factor mitigates bronchi injury caused through γ-irradiation inside test subjects: Information upon AngII/ACE/Ang(1-7) axis.
Few reports have addressed the change in Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) management in the ICUs over the years in western countries. This study aims to assess the trend of dialytic practice in a 4.5-million population-based study of the northwest of Italy.

A nine-year survey covering all the RRT provided in the ICUs. Consultant nephrologists of the 26 Nephrology and Dialysis centers reported their activities in the years 2007, 2009, 2012, and 2015.

From 2007 to 2015 the patients treated increased from 1042 to 1139, and the incidence of RRT from 254 to 263 cases/10^6 inhabitants. The workload for Dialysis Center was higher in the larger hub hospitals. RRT for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), continuation of treatment in chronically dialyzed patients, or extrarenal indications accounted for about the stable rate of 70, 25 and 5% of all RRT sessions, respectively. Continuous modality days increased from 2731 days (39.5%) in 2007 to 5076 (70.6%) in 2015, when the continuous+prolonged treatment days were 6880/7196 (95.6% of total days). As to RRT timing, in 2015 only the classical clinical criteria, and no K-DIGO stage were adopted by most Centers. As to RRT interruption, in 2015 urine volume was the first criterion. Implementation of citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for RRT patients significantly increased from 2.8% in 2007 to 30.9% in 2015, when it was applied in all 26 Centers.

From 2007 to 2015, current practice has changed towards shared protocols, with increasing continuous modality and RCA implementation.
From 2007 to 2015, current practice has changed towards shared protocols, with increasing continuous modality and RCA implementation.Chronic scrotal pain (CSP) may be due to an identifiable cause, may be multifactorial, or may be idiopathic. Successful treatment often requires multimodal therapy with a multidisciplinary approach. Conservative options may be offered initially, but if symptoms fail to improve with conservative interventions, more invasive therapies may be required. A nerve block may be attempted and patients who experience improvement in pain following nerve blocks may be good candidates for surgical denervation of the spermatic cord. Alternative surgical treatment options including proximal nerve blocks, neuromodulation, cryoablation, vasectomy reversal, varicocelectomy, and even orchiectomy have been described. The aim of this review is to discuss the treatment options for CSP with a focus on surgical treatment options.The year 2022 marks the 130th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scientist, teacher, clinician, Boris Sergeevich Preobrazhensky, an outstanding scientist, teacher, clinician, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, a Hero of Socialist Labor. With this publication the editorial board of the journal Vestnik Otorhinolaryngologii opens the rubric "From the History of Otorhinolaryngology," in which it is planned to post the memoirs of Boris Sergeevich Preobrazhensky's pupils and contemporaries. and contemporaries of Boris Sergeyevich, materials of his speeches at scientific forums, archival of his speeches at scientific forums, and archival photographs, devoted to his life and work. From the memoirs of Vadim Borisovich Preobrazhensky - son of Boris Sergeevich Preobrazhensky.The objective of this article is to demonstrate a clinical case with a good outcome by using a maxillary swing approach during the surgical treatment of extensive locally advanced form of the juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) stage Fisch-Andrews IIIb (Radkowski IIIb). Thus the maxillary swing approach has given an adequate exposure of the skull base and is an effective approach in the surgical treatment of extensive JNA with a good overview of anatomical structures and has a minimal risk of complications and to evaluate an efficacy of the results.The analysis of the state of two patients with congenital cerebral hernias was carried out, which made it possible to establish differences in the effect of hernias on the state of the body. In the first case, the hernia is localized in the nasal cavity, and after its removal, the postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage was stopped by a flap of the mucous membrane from the opposite side of the nasal septum. In the second case clinical analysis and computed tomography made it possible to state that the hernia was in the retromaxillary space and did not affect the patient's condition. Computed tomography shows signs of moderate blood pressure on the adjacent formations, and removal of the hernia and stopping the subsequent CSF leakage were impossible. The presented observations demonstrate an ambiguous approach to resolving the issue of surgical intervention in such cases.Chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CPR) is characterized by refractory to drug therapy and a high potential for recurrence after surgical treatment. One of the important factors limiting the effectiveness of drug therapy of CPR, in particular intranasal glucocorticosteroids (inGCSs), is the insufficient level of adherence to treatment of patients with CPR.
Generalization of data on the significance and ways to increase adherence to treatment of patients with CPR.

Materials of scientific publications included in the Cochrane Library, Russian Science Citation Index, MEDLINE, PubMed information bases were used as a data source. The material was selected based on the following keywords "chronic rhinosinusitis", "nasal polyps", "intranasal glucocorticosteroids", "adherence to treatment".

Despite the fact that inGCSs are one of the main pathogenetically justified methods of treating CPR, their use is limited by many factors, one of which is the level of patient compliance with the treatment regimen.

Improving adherence to treatment is one of the important reserves for increasing the effectiveness of drug therapy for chronic polypous rhinosinusitis.
Improving adherence to treatment is one of the important reserves for increasing the effectiveness of drug therapy for chronic polypous rhinosinusitis.In connection with the pandemic of coronavirus infection, it is urgent to develop measures to prevent the intraoperative spread of coronavirus particles and infection of the operating room staff.
Generalization and analysis of available data concerning local antiseptic therapy for the prevention of coronavirus infection during endonasal interventions on the lacrimal tract.

The search for literature sources was carried out using MEDLINE search engines and the Russian Science Citation Index for queries with the keywords "COVID-19", "coronavirus infection", "antiseptics", "protocol for otorhinolaryngological operations", "dacryosurgical operations" and similar in various combinations.

It has been shown that during endonasal operations on the lacrimal tract, the number of risk factors for infection increases, since these procedures are aerosol-generating, and contact occurs not only with the nasal mucosa, but also with the lacrimal fluid, in which the coronavirus is also replicated. The data on the effectiveone-iodine in a concentration of 0.4%.

To date, information has been obtained that makes it advisable to use antiseptics before performing endonasal aerosol-generating interventions, in particular endonasal dacryocystorhinostomies and recanalization of the tear ducts.
To date, information has been obtained that makes it advisable to use antiseptics before performing endonasal aerosol-generating interventions, in particular endonasal dacryocystorhinostomies and recanalization of the tear ducts.We present data on the hypertrophy of adenoid vegetation in modern treatment conditions. Actual aspects of the etiology of hypertrophy of adenoid vegetation and chronic adenoiditis are discussed, and mechanisms of the formation of local immunity and the effect of immunomodulating therapy are also described. Data on the morphology of adenoids, immunity condition after exposure to modern drugs and the rationality of treatment in frequently ill children are presented.The issue of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSD) has been in a focus of specialists attention for a relatively short time, but during this time a huge amount of scientific and practical knowledge about this hearing disorder has been accumulated. ANSD is a specific auditory deficit caused by dysfunction of periphery part of the auditory system, which may affect the inner hair cells, the spiral ganglion neurons and the auditory nerve, as well as the area of synaptic contact between them, while the outer hair cells, as a rule, remain intact. As a result, a specific condition is formed, in which a patient's otoacoustic emissions and/or cochlear microphonics are present, auditory brainstem responses are abnormal or absent, electrophysiological data may not correlate with hearing level, the discrepancy between pure tone audiometry and speech discrimination is observed. ANSD prevalence, epidemiology, contemporary views on its etiology, including detailed information on hereditary forms of the disorder and its risk factors are considered in the review. The data on the basic rungs of the ANSD pathogenesis, which underlie the development of various forms of the disorder and mainly determine the rehabilitation approach, are presented. The detailed clinical and audiological characteristics of ANSD are presented; contemporary approach to ANSD diagnosis and rehabilitation, including indications for surgical treatment, are considered.Usher syndrome is characterized by congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and progressive retinitis pigmentosa, and has an autosomal recessive type of inheritance. The purpose of this work is to summarize the modern data of a clinical picture of Usher syndrome and analyse hearing impairment properties. The frequency of the syndrome among children suffering from hearing loss and deafness is from 3 to 10%. The prevalence of the syndrome in the world is estimated as 4.4 per 100.000 population. The complexity of the diagnosis of the syndrome lies in the significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Hearing and vision problems begin at different ages. Primary diagnosis begins with the clinical diagnosis of bilateral hearing loss and visual impairment manifests later. In this case the initial diagnosis of nonsyndromal hearing loss will not be definitive. Molecular genetic studies contribute to the early clinical diagnosis of the syndrome. Understanding the cause of the disease allows to conduct correct medical and genetic counseling and get closer to solving treatment problems.Recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) represents at least 3 or more separate episodes of acute otitis media within 6 months or four or more episodes over a 12-month period. learn more The incidence of recurrent otitis media varies from 5 to 30% and does not tend to decrease. Until now, the questions of conservative and surgical treatment of patients remain unsolved. One of the main methods of treatment is antimicrobial therapy. Recently, the treatment of recurrent otitis media is complicated by the increasing acquired resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs. There is also no consensus on the need for and scope of surgical interventions for children with RAOM. The authors in their article cite existing modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of RAOM in children.
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