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Guidelines for osteoporosis have provided recommendations on when to offer pharmacologic management for postmenopausal women, but do not specify which "best" medication to start. click here The choice of therapy depends on the efficacy, safety/tolerability of the drug and the patient's profile and preferences. Patient decision aids (PtDA) are tools designed to facilitate shared decision-making (SDM) between the patient and health care provider for conditions where there are several available options, and the "best" choice is unclear. We aimed to develop a culturally acceptable patient decision aid on the treatment of osteoporosis among Filipino postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporotic fractures.

A qualitative approach and an iterative process was employed in this study following the guidance of the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS). Phase 1 (Needs Assessment) involved interviews with 8 physicians who are involved in the care of women with osteoporosis and focus group discussions with 19 postmelturally adapted PtDA on the treatment of osteoporosis among Filipino postmenopausal woman at risk of osteoporotic fractures for use during clinical encounters.
With the integration of decisional needs assessment, clinical expertise, user preference and iterative revision testing, we were able to develop a culturally adapted PtDA on the treatment of osteoporosis among Filipino postmenopausal woman at risk of osteoporotic fractures for use during clinical encounters.
This study determined the correlation between erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and insulin sensitivity in agricultural workers and non-agricultural workers.

The cross-sectional comparative study was undertaken in 45 agricultural and 45 non-agricultural workers from Nat-Kan Village, Magway Township. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and serum malondialdehyde were measured by spectrophotometric method. Insulin sensitivity was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).

Mean erythrocyte AChE activity was significantly lower in agricultural (3553.99 IU/L) compared with nonagricultural workers (4432.68 IU/L) (
<0.001). A significant high level of mean serum MDA was observed in agricultural workers (0.74 versus 0.28 μmol/L,
<0.001). Median HOMA-IR value was significantly higher in agricultural (2.74) than that of non-agricultural workers (2.28) (
<0.05). The risk of insulin resistance was 2.8 times greater in agricultural workers than non-agricultural workers (OR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.18 to 6.72). Erythrocyte AChE activity had weak negative correlation with serum MDA level (r=-0.357,
<0.001) and HOMA-IR (ρ= -0.305,
<0.05). There was a significant but weak positive correlation between serum MDA level and HOMA-IR (ρ=0.355,
<0.001).

Organophosphate pesticide exposure lowered erythrocyte AChE activity and increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is partly attributed to the development of insulin resistance.
Organophosphate pesticide exposure lowered erythrocyte AChE activity and increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is partly attributed to the development of insulin resistance.
Chronic and post-prandial hyperglycemia are independent risk factors for diabetic complications. link2 Glycemic patterns among hemodialysis end-stage-renal-disease (ESRD) differ as glucose metabolism changes with declining kidney function with more pronounced glycemic fluctuations. The objectives of this study are to determine glycemic patterns on hemodialysis days, the magnitude of post-hemodialysis rebound hyperglycemia (PHH) and their associated factors.

148 patients on hemodialysis were analysed, 91 patients had end-stage-diabetic-renal disease (DM-ESRD), and 57 patients had end-stage-non-diabetic renal disease (NDM-ESRD). Glycemic patterns and PHH data were obtained from 11-point and 7-point self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) profiles on hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis days. link= click here PHH and its associated factors were analysed with logistic regression.

Mean blood glucose on hemodialysis days was 9.33 [SD 2.7] mmol/L in DM-ESRD patients compared to 6.07 [SD 0.85] mmol/L in those with NDM-ESRD (p<0.001). link2 PHH occurred in 70% of patients and was more pronounced in DM-ESRD compared to NDM-ESRD patients (72.5% vs 27.5%; OR 4.5). Asymptomatic hypoglycemia was observed in 18% of patients. DM-ESRD, older age, previous IHD, obesity, high HbA1c, elevated highly-sensitive CRP and low albumin were associated with PHH.

DM-ESRD patients experienced significant PHH in our cohort. Other associated factors include older age, previous IHD, obesity, high HbA1c, elevated hs-CRP and low albumin.
DM-ESRD patients experienced significant PHH in our cohort. Other associated factors include older age, previous IHD, obesity, high HbA1c, elevated hs-CRP and low albumin.Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease and since its first identification in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, there has been a rapid increase in cases and deaths across the world. COVID-19 has been shown to have an immense impact in infected persons with diabetes, worsening their outcome, especially in elderly, smokers, obese, those having CVD, CKD, poor glycemic control and long duration of diabetes. In this review we summarize the current understanding of `the impact of COVID-19 on diabetes and discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms and management of diabetes and its complication in this scenario.
The use of Facebook (FB) to share and gather information on diabetes is commonplace but no data is available on its use among Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine the engagement from instructional slide decks on diabetes and its management shown on two Philippine-based FB pages under the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ).

We used Insights data from the slide decks and slide shows shown on the Philippine Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism's (PSEDM) public FB page and the
's FB page. The slide set contained a mix of mostly images and text on COVID-19 and Diabetes, dietary advice, medications and self-care in the setting of the ECQ where access to insulin, ambulatory clinics and healthy food is limited. Data was summarized in terms of post clicks, reactions, shares and comments. Total engagement rate was computed.

We noted a high engagement rate (4-15%) in both public FB pages with higher engagement rates in slides shown in the Filipino language for most topics. link3 The slides that gathered more shares and reactions were primarily those containing general information on COVID-19 and diabetes, nutrition including the safety of canned goods, as well as sick day rules.

In the setting of the ECQ, the use of image and text-based slide-decks on the PSEDM and
FB pages to communicate health information yielded high engagement.
In the setting of the ECQ, the use of image and text-based slide-decks on the PSEDM and Endocrine Witch FB pages to communicate health information yielded high engagement.Compliance with ethics guidelines for research are even more critical in the time of emergency public health situations such as a pandemic. Underpinned by the principles laid out in the 1979 Belmont report, conduct of research at any time should focus on respect for persons, beneficence and justice. Certain Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in research ethics committees may be revised to provide a quicker turn-around and timely review. Key elements in effective review of studies include rigorousness, responsiveness and timeliness. It is crucial to recognize that ethics review committees share responsibility with researchers and its institutions, funding agencies and regulatory agencies for upholding ethical principles in research at all times.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19 based on recent studies. While there are many local and international guidelines on inpatient management of diabetes, the complicated pathology of the virus, the use of glucose-elevating drugs such as glucocorticoids, antivirals and even inotropes, and various other unique problems has made the management of in-hospital hyperglycemia among patients with COVID-19 much more difficult than in other infections. click here The objective of this guidance is to collate and integrate the best available evidence that has been published regarding in-patient management of diabetes among patients with COVID-19. A comprehensive review of literature was done and recommendations have been made through a consensus of expert endocrinologists from the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. These recommendations are evolving as we continue to understand the pathology of the disease and how persons with diabetes are affected by this virus.Ocean acidification, a phenomenon of seawater pH decrease due to increasing atmospheric CO2, has a global effect on seawater chemistry, marine biology, and ecosystems. Ocean acidification is a gradual and global long-term process, the study of which demands high-quality pH data. The spectrophotometric technique is capable of generating accurate and precise pH measurements but requires adding an indicator dye that perturbs the sample original pH. While the perturbation is modest in well-buffered seawater, applications of the method in environments with lower buffer capacity such as riverine, estuarine, sea-ice meltwater and lacustrine environments are increasingly common, and uncertainties related to larger potential dye perturbations need further evaluation. link3 In this paper, we assess the effect of purified meta-Cresol Purple (mCP) dye addition on the sample pH and how to correct for this dye perturbation. We conducted numerical simulations by incorporating mCP speciation into the MATLAB CO2SYS program to exami suggest that it should be prepared in deionized water to minimize the dye perturbation effect on pH in the fresher sample waters with less well-constrained perturbation adjustments. We also suggest that the dye perturbation correction should be based on double dye addition experiments performed over a wide range of pH, TA, and salinity. Otherwise, multiple volume dye addition experiments are recommended for each sample to determine the dye perturbation adjustment. We further create a MATLAB function dyeperturbation.m that calculates the expected dye perturbation. This function can be used to validate empirically-derived adjustments or in lieu of empirical adjustments if dye addition experiments are unfeasible (e.g., for historical data). This study of dye perturbation evaluation and correction will improve the accuracy of the pH data, necessary for monitoring the long-term anthropogenic-driven changes in the seawater carbonate system.
Of current interest in aphasia research is the relevance of what we can learn from studying word learning ability in aphasia. In a preliminary study, we addressed two issues related to the novel word learning ability of individuals with aphasia. First, as word learning engages large-scale cognitive-linguistic systems (language skills, verbal short-term memory (STM), other memory and executive functions), we probed whether novel word learning practice in three people with aphasia could stimulate these language-related systems. Second, as lesion correlates affecting word learning in aphasia remain unclear, we examined whether the structural integrity of the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) in the same three individuals is related to outcomes of novel word learning practice.

To stimulate word learning systems, our three participants practiced for 4 weeks with an explicit novel word - novel referent word learning task, adopted from the Ancient Farming Equipment learning paradigm (Laine & Salmelin, 2010). The participants' progress on receptive and expressive novel word learning was followed up, and their language and verbal STM abilities as well as single-session novel word learning (Learning to Name Aliens by Gupta, Martin, Abbs, Schwartz & Lipinski, 2006) were tested before and after the practice period.
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