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Creative Music Remedy as well as Neurodevelopmental Benefits inside Pre-term Infants from 2 Years: A new Randomized Controlled Preliminary Test.
48, R2 = 0.39, p = .002. CONCLUSION Go/No-go training for food may improve both top-down and bottom-up inhibitory control, using both automatic and controlled processes. Further, it may not be effective in lowering attention bias for HP food, but may be effective in lowering unhealthy food intake despite raising attention bias for HP food. Further research that tests these effects using varied reaction time tasks is needed to confirm these results and to explore possible alternative explanations. BACKGROUND The number of weight loss attempts may be associated with higher weight status and unfavorable health behaviors as well as dysfunctional eating behaviors. Tacrolimus We aimed to study eating behavior tendencies, i.e., cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating among a sample of Finnish adults who had engaged in a different number of attempts to lose weight during their lifetime. METHODS Data were collected through a web-based survey. Participants completed a background questionnaire (including questions on weight, height, number of attempts to lose weight) and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18). Out of 1985 individuals, 1679 with complete data were included in the study. The TFEQ-R18 was tested for its reliability and fit to our study population using Cronbach's alpha and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). RESULTS Subscales of the TFEQ-R18 had acceptable reliability except for that of 'cognitive restraint', which reached acceptable reliability when three items were deleted (items 15, 16, 18). The revised version of the questionnaire was designated as the TFEQ-R15, which showed good fit based on CFA fit indices. Participants who had attempted to lose weight during their lifetime (n = 1229), especially those with ≥3 weight loss attempts (n = 499), had greater cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and higher body mass index (BMI) than those with no previous weight loss attempts (n = 132). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that eating behavior tendencies, i.e., decreasing tendencies of uncontrolled and emotional eating should receive more emphasis to support successful weight management. OBJECTIVES It is still unknown under which conditions response inhibition deficits occur in obesity, and how these patterns change. Methodological and experimental limitations might be predictors. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the inhibitory control process of participants with obesity and those of a healthy weight differs according to the type of stimuli. METHOD The study sample was comprised of 51 exogenous obese and 46 healthy weight participants. Groups completed four go/no-go blocks neutral, object, low-calorie, and high-calorie. The order of block presentation was counterbalanced. To examine inhibitory controls, repeated measures of the last factor were applied. RESULTS Results showed that obese and healthy weight participants' response patterns changed according to the type of stimuli. Obese participants did not have problems with neutral/standard response inhibition. The inhibitory control deficits occurred in the food stimuli blocks. Also, food type was a predictor for that response pattern. The response control declined prominently in the high-calorie food condition compared to the low-calorie food condition. Error types and reaction times changed according to the stimulus and food type. DISCUSSION In go/no-go tasks, manipulating the stimulus type, especially the food type, seems to be critical for understanding the nature of response control. The response inhibition problem was revealed in the food stimulus and changed based on the food type. These results are thought to be important for the construction of efficient weight treatment programs. To become user-driven and more useful for decision-making, the current evidence synthesis ecosystem requires significant changes (Paper 1.Future of evidence ecosystem series). Reviewers have access to new sources of data (clinical trial registries, protocols, clinical study reports from regulatory agencies or pharmaceutical companies) for more information on randomized control trials. With all these new available data, the management of multiple and scattered trial reports is even more challenging. New types of data are also becoming available individual patient data and routinely collected data. With the increasing number of diverse sources to be searched and the amount of data to be extracted, the process needs to be rethought. New approaches and tools, such as automation technologies and crowdsourcing, should help accelerate the process. The implementation of these new approaches and methods requires a substantial rethinking and redesign of the current evidence synthesis ecosystem. The concept of a "living" evidence synthesis enterprise, with living systematic review and living network meta-analysis, has recently emerged. Such an evidence synthesis ecosystem implies conceptualizing evidence synthesis as a continuous process built around a clinical question of interest and no longer as a small team independently answering a specific clinical question at a single point in time. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether guidelines published by organizations based in the United States comply with published criteria for the use of the GRADE approach. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We performed a cross-sectional study of all clinical practice guidelines that indicated the use of the GRADE approach, were published between 2011 and 2018 and listed in the National Guidelines Clearinghouse. RESULTS We included 67 guideline documents from 44 of 135 (32.6%) United States-based organizations that indicated the use of the GRADE approach. The majority (89.6%; 60/67) of guidelines defined the certainty of evidence consistent with GRADE but only approximately one in ten (10.4%; 7/67) explicitly reported consideration of all eight criteria to assess the certainty in the evidence for rating down and up. A majority of guidelines (53.7%; 36/67) provided a summary of the evidence, described explicit consideration of all four central domains (53.7%; 36/67) and rated the strength of recommendation consistent with GRADE (53.
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