Notes

Unraveling the particular structural cross over system of room-temperature compressed graphite carbon.
A catalyst-free [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of electron-deficient alkynes and o-hydroxyaryl azomethine ylides in water was developed, affording pyrroline derivatives in moderate to high yields (up to 90%).The photosensitive azobenzene-containing surfactant C4-Azo-OC6TMAB is a promising agent for reversible DNA packaging in a solution. The simulation of the trans-isomer surfactant organization into associates in a solution with and without salt as well as its binding to DNA at different NaCl concentrations was carried out by molecular dynamics. Experimental data obtained by spectral and hydrodynamic methods were used to verify the results of simulation. It was shown that head-to-tail aggregates with close to antiparallel orientation of surfactant molecules were formed at certain NaCl and surfactant concentrations (below critical micelle concentration). Such aggregates have two positively charged ends, and therefore, they can be attracted to negatively charged DNA phosphates far located along the chain, as well as those that belong to different molecules. This contributes to the formation of intermolecular DNA-DNA contacts, and this way, the experimentally observed precipitation of DNA can be explained.The nitration of azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amines with several nitration agents (such as acetic nitric anhydride, nitronium tetrafluoroborate, and a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid) has been investigated. It has been shown that, depending on the conditions, the nitration of pyrazolopyrimidin-7-amines bearing electron-withdrawing groups in the pyrazole ring leads to nitration products in the pyrimidine and/or pyrazole ring. The nitration of triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amines with "nitrating mixture" has been optimized, thus allowing us to obtain a series of 6-nitro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amines, followed by their reduction into the corresponding [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6,7-diamines (yields 86-89%). The latter have been subjected to heterocyclization by a variety of electrophilic compounds (such as CS2, glyoxal, triethyl orthoformate) with the formation of five- or six-membered annulated cycles.Water-soluble tetrasulfonate resorcin[4]arene (1a and 1c) and pyrogallol[4]arene (1b) macrocycles were synthesized and investigated for their dispersing properties in cement-based mortars. Mortar tests clearly show that these polyhydroxylated macrocycles (nonpolymeric) work as cement dispersants. Setting time determinations indicate that the macrocycles 1a and 1b show a retarding effect that is reminiscent of the behavior of superplasticizers (SPs) functionalized with polyhydroxylated β-CDs. Finally, the addition of sulfate anions to the cement paste does not affect the dispersing abilities of 1b, probably due to the sulfate anion capture by H-bonding interactions with its OH groups at the upper rim.Electronic properties of monolayer tellurium (Te) with three proposed atomic configurations under external electric field were investigated through first-principles calculations. The calculated results demonstrate that α-Te and γ-Te have indirect band gaps, whereas β-Te, when no electric field is applied, can be considered as a direct semiconductor. An interesting structural change occurs in α- and γ-phase Te under a specific electric field strength, as does a change in structural chirality. In the presence of a perpendicular electric field, the band gaps can be modified and drawn close to 0 eV at a certain critical electric field strength. Before that, the band gaps of α-Te and γ-Te are nearly constant, while that of β-Te shows a quadratic relationship to electric field strength. click here These findings not only enrich our understanding of the electronic properties of monolayer tellurium but also show that monolayer tellurium has tremendous potential in nanoscale electronic devices owing to its tunable band gaps.NASICON-type Li1+x Al x Ge2-x (PO4)3 (LAGP) is a promising electrolyte with high ionic conductivity (>10-4 S cm-1), excellent oxidation stability, and moderate sintering temperature. However, preparing dense LAGP pellets with high ionic conductivity is still challenging because of the hazards of dopant loss and partial decomposition on conventional sintering. Here, spark plasma sintering (SPS) of LAGP membranes is explored as a promising ultrarapid manufacturing technique, yielding dense electrolyte membranes. link2 Optimizing the SPS temperature is important to achieve desirable density and hence ionic conductance. Our results show that LAGP samples spark plasma-sintered at 750 °C exhibit the highest total ionic conductivity of 3.9 × 10-4 S cm-1 with a compactness of 97% and nearly single-crystalline particles. Our solid-state NMR results, X-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirm that the achievable ionic conductivity is controlled by the retention of the Al dopant within the LAGP phase, necking between particles, and the minimization of grain boundaries between crystallites within a particle. To benchmark the performance of our spark plasma-sintered solid electrolyte membranes over conventionally prepared LAGP, we demonstrate their favorable performance in hybrid Li-air batteries. The highest energy efficiency is achieved for the fastest ion-conducting membrane sintered at 750 °C.The deficiency of dopamine (DA) is clinically linked to several neurological diseases. The detection of urinary DA provides a noninvasive method for diagnosing these diseases and monitoring therapies. In this paper, we report the coassembly of lithocholic acid (LCA) and 3,3'-diethythiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC2(5)) at the equimolar ratio in ammonia solution into J-aggregate nanotubes. By integrating the J-aggregate nanotubes into transparent agarose hydrogel films formed on the wall of quartz cuvettes, we fabricate a portable and reproducible sensor platform for the optical detection of DA in synthetic urine. The J-band intensity of the integrated J-aggregate nanotubes is found to linearly decrease with the increase of DA concentrations from 10 to 80 nM, giving the limit of detection of ∼7 nM. The detection mechanism is based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited J-aggregate nanotubes to adsorbed DA-quinone. The PET process used in the sensor platform can reduce the interference of ascorbic acid and uric acid in the detection of DA in synthetic urine. The high sensitivity of the sensor platform is contributed by the delocalized exciton of J-aggregate nanotubes.Oral administration of vaccines has been limited due to low immune response compared to parenteral administration. Antigen degradation in the acidic gastrointestinal environment (GI), mucus barriers, and inefficient cellular uptake by immune cells are the major challenges for oral vaccine delivery. To solve these issues, the current study investigates calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs) coated with polysaccharides as nanocarriers for oral protein antigen delivery. In this design, the CaP NP core had an optimized antigen encapsulation capacity of 90 mg (BSA-FITC)/g (CaP NPs). The polysaccharides chitosan and alginate were coated onto the CaP NPs to protect the antigens against acidic degradation in the GI environment and enhance the immune response in the small intestine. The antigen release profiles showed that alginate-chitosan-coated CaP NPs prevented antigen release in a simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), followed by sustained release in simulated intestinal (pH 6.8) and colonic (pH 7.4) fluids. Cellular uptake and macrophage stimulation data revealed that the chitosan coating enhanced antigen uptake by intestine epithelia cells (Caco-2) and macrophages and improved surface expression of costimulatory molecules on macrophages. In vivo test further demonstrated that oral administration of alginate-chitosan-coated CaP@OVA NPs significantly enhanced the mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibody responses as compared to naked OVA, indicating that the CaP-Chi-Alg nanoparticle can potentially be used as a promising oral vaccine delivery system.Hg2+ has a significant hazardous impact on the environment and ecosystem. There is a great demand for new methods with high selectivity and sensitivity to determine mercury in life systems and environments. In this paper, a novel turn-on Hg2+ fluorescent probe has been reported with a naphthalimide group. The Hg2+ fluorescent probe was designed by the inspiration of the well-known specific Hg2+-triggered thioacetal deprotection reaction. A 1,2-dithioalkyl group was chosen as the specific recognition site of Hg2+. The probe showed weak fluorescence without Hg2+, and the color of the solution was light yellow. In the presence of Hg2+, the probe reacted specifically with the mercury ion to produce an aldehyde and emitted strong fluorescence, and the color of the solution also turned light green, thus realizing the monitoring of the mercury ion. The Hg2+ fluorescent probe showed outstanding sensitivity and selectivity toward Hg2+. Furthermore, the Hg2+ fluorescent probe could work in a wide pH range. The linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity at 510 nm and the concentration of Hg2+ was obtained in a range of Hg2+ concentration from 2.5 × 10-7 to 1.0 × 10-5 M. link3 The detection limit was found to be 4.0 × 10-8 M for Hg2+. Furthermore, with little cell toxicity, the probe was successfully applied to the confocal image of Hg2+ in PC-12 cells.In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against metalaxyl (Met) with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.54 ng/mL based on a new hapten, and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (GICA) was developed for the rapid detection of Met residues in tobacco. Under optimal conditions, even with the naked eye, one can see the semiquantitative analysis results. The naked eye detection limit of Met in tobacco is 25 μg/kg, and the detection threshold is 100 μg/kg. In addition, the cross-reactivity test shows that the mAb has good specificity for Met, and the GICA results have a good correlation with the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry test results, which show that the method is feasible and reliable and are more convenient and quicker than the methods using instrumentation for detection. Therefore, GICA may provide a useful tool for the rapid screening and detection of Met residues in tobacco.The results of many previous studies on low salinity/controlled ions water (CIW) flooding suggest that future laboratory and modeling investigations are required to comprehensively understand and interpret the achieved observations. In this work, the aim is co-optimization of the length of the injected slug and soaking time in the CIW flooding process. Furthermore, the possibility of the occurrence of several governing mechanisms is studied. Therefore, the experimental results were utilized to develop a compositional model, using CMG GEM software, in order to obtain the relative permeability curves by history matching. It was concluded that CIW slug injection, concentrated in the potential-determining ion, can increase oil recovery under a multi ion exchange (MIE) mechanism. The wettability of the carbonate rocks was changed from a mixed or oil wet state toward more water wetness. However, there is a CIW slug length, beyond which extending the length does not significantly improve the rock wettability, and consequently, the oil production, which is known as the optimum slug size.
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