Notes

[Influence with the COVID-19 pandemic on the number along with use of treatment therapy given by outpatient treatment services].
To test the performance of free-breathing Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) using a radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for quantitative solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) assessment.

A total of 67 SPN cases receiving routine MRI routine scans, DWI, and dynamic-enhanced MRI in our hospital from May 2017 to November 2018 were collected. These cases were divided into a malignant group and a benign group according to the characteristics of the SPNs. The quantitative DCE-MRI parameters (K
, K
, V
) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the nodules were measured.

The K
and K
values in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group, while the ADC values in the malignant group were lower than those in the benign group. Furthermore, the K
value of adenocarcinoma was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (P<0.05). #link# The V
value was significantly different between non-small cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (P<0.05). With an ADC value of 0.98×10
mm
/s as the threshold, the specificity and sensitivity to diagnose benign and malignant nodules was 90.6% and 80%, respectively.

High-temporal-resolution DCE-MRI using the r-VIBE technique in combination with DWI could contribute to pulmonary nodule analysis and possibly serve as a potential alternative to distinguish malignant from benign nodules as well as differentiate different types of malignancies.
High-temporal-resolution DCE-MRI using the r-VIBE technique in combination with DWI could contribute to pulmonary nodule analysis and possibly serve as a potential alternative to distinguish malignant from benign nodules as well as differentiate different types of malignancies.
Designing and implementing a truly self-determined physical activity (PA) intervention has required excessive amounts of labor and expenses that, until recently, have made it prohibitively costly to implement in the field at scale.

Guided by self-determination theory, and harnessing the power of consumer-grade interactive technologies, we developed the Virtual Fitness Buddy (VFB) Ecosystem. Designed to foster intrinsic motivation toward adopting PA as a lifestyle change in 6-10-year-old children, the Ecosystem features a mixed-reality kiosk which houses a personalized virtual pet for each user. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AR-42-HDAC-42.html , the pet (a mid-sized dog) automatically detects its owner based on the data from a child's Fitbit, assists the child in setting daily PA goals and provides tailored feedback on the child's PA progress. The pet alerts parents in real-time by sending text messages and relaying the parents' response to the child, so that parents and children can remain connected about the child's PA progress even when they are physically apart. We aim to implement the kiosk in 12 after-school sites, plus use 12 additional sites as controls, where children can still set and view progress toward their PA goals without access to a virtual pet.

The VFB Ecosystem represents a new generation of technology-mediated health interventions for children to promote sustainable PA lifestyle changes. Because the VFB Ecosystem is a cost- and labor-effective solution that integrates consumer-grade technology with low barriers for continued use, it has the potential for rapid diffusion and widespread public health impact.
The VFB Ecosystem represents a new generation of technology-mediated health interventions for children to promote sustainable PA lifestyle changes. Because the VFB Ecosystem is a cost- and labor-effective solution that integrates consumer-grade technology with low barriers for continued use, it has the potential for rapid diffusion and widespread public health impact.Late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) associates with reduced umbilical vein reactivity and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity but increased human cationic amino acid (hCAT-1)-mediated L-arginine transport involving A2A adenosine receptor in the fetoplacental unit. This study addresses the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR)-mediated response to insulin in the fetoplacental vasculature from LOPE. Umbilical veins and HUVECs were obtained from women with normal (n = 37) or LOPE (n = 35) pregnancies. Umbilical vein rings reactivity to insulin was assayed in the absence or presence of adenosine and MRS-1754 (A2BAR antagonist) in a wire myograph. HUVECs were exposed to insulin, MRS-1754, BAY60-6583 (A2BAR agonist), NECA (general adenosine receptors agonist) or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NOS inhibitor). A2BAR, hCAT-1, total and phosphorylated eNOS, Akt and p44/42mapk protein abundance were determined by Western blotting. Insulin receptors A (IR-A) and B (IR-B), eNOS and hCAT-1 mRNA were determined by qPCR. Firefly/Renilla luciferase assay was used to determine -1606 bp SLC7A1 (hCAT-1) promoter activity. L-Citrulline content was measured by HPLC, L-[3H]citrulline formation from L-[3H]arginine by the Citrulline assay, and intracellular cGMP by radioimmunoassay. LOPE-reduced dilation of vein rings to insulin was restored by MRS-1754. HUVECs from LOPE showed higher A2BAR, hCAT-1, and IR-A expression, Akt and p44/42mapk activation, and lower NOS activity. MRS-1754 reversed the LOPE effect on A2BAR, hCAT-1, Akt, and eNOS inhibitory phosphorylation. Insulin reversed the LOPE effect on A2BAR, IR-A and eNOS, but increased hCAT-1-mediated transport. Thus, LOPE alters endothelial function, causing an imbalance in the L-arginine/NO signalling pathway to reduce the umbilical vein dilation to insulin requiring A2BAR activation in HUVECs.
Researchers worldwide are actively engaging in research activities to search for preventive and therapeutic interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to describe the planning of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in terms of timing related to the course of the COVID-19 epidemic and research question evaluated.

We performed a living mapping of RCTs registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https//covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered.

By August 12, 2020, 1,568 trials for COVID-19 were registered worldwide. Overall, the median ([Q1-Q3]; range) delay between the first case recorded in each country and the first RCT registered was 47days ([33-67]; 15-163). For the 9 countries with the highest number of trials registered, most trials were registered after the peak of the epidemic (from 100% trials in Italy to 38% in the United States). Most trials evaluated treatments (1,333 trials; 85%); only 223 (14%) evaluated preventive strategies and 12 postacute period intervention. A total of 254 trials were planned to assess different regimens of hydroxychloroquine with an expected sample size of 110,883 patients.

This living mapping analysis showed that COVID-19 trials have relatively small sample size with certain redundancy in research questions. Most trials were registered when the first peak of the pandemic has passed.
This living mapping analysis showed that COVID-19 trials have relatively small sample size with certain redundancy in research questions. Most trials were registered when the first peak of the pandemic has passed.
To estimate the effect of an intervention compared to the usual peer-review process on reducing spin in the abstract's conclusion of biomedical study reports.

We conducted a two-arm, parallel-group RCT in a sample of primary research manuscripts submitted to BMJ Open. The authors received short instructions alongside the peer reviewers' comments in the intervention group. We assessed the presence of spin (primary outcome), types of spin, and wording change in the revised abstract's conclusion. link2 Outcome assessors were blinded to the intervention assignment.

Of the 184 manuscripts randomized, 108 (54 intervention, 54 control) were selected for revision and could be evaluated for the presence of spin. The proportion of manuscripts with spin was 6% lower (95% CI 24% lower to 13% higher) in the intervention group (57%, 31/54) than in the control group (63%, 34/54). link3 The wording of the revised abstract's conclusion was changed in 34/54 (63%) manuscripts in the intervention group and 26/54 (48%) in the control group. The four prespecified types of spin involved (i) selective reporting (12 in the intervention group vs. 8 in the control group), (ii) including information not supported by evidence (9 vs. 9), and (iii) interpretation not consistent with the study results (14 vs. 18), and (iv) unjustified recommendations for practice (5 vs. 11).

These short instructions to authors did not have a statistically significant effect on reducing spin in revised abstract conclusions, and based on the confidence interval, the existence of a large effect can be excluded. Other interventions to reduce spin in reports of original research should be evaluated.

osf.io/xnuyt.
osf.io/xnuyt.
Children and adolescents with cancer experience treatment-related, subjective adverse events (AEs). Identifying distinct groups of patients who predictably experience higher prevalence of AEs could guide patient care.

Study aims were to 1) identify groups of children and adolescents reporting AEs using the Pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (Ped-PRO-CTCAE); 2) determine whether demographic and clinical characteristics predict AE group membership; and 3) examine whether AE group membership was related to the distal outcome of psychological stress.

Four hundred seventy-seven patients self-reported AEs via the Ped-PRO-CTCAE at T1 (beginning of treatment) and the PROMIS Pediatric Psychological Stress measure at T2 (7-28days later). Latent class analysis was conducted to identify groups of patients and the relationships of the groups with demographic and clinical characteristics, and with stress.

Three distinct a priori unknown AE groups were identified (high AE prevalence, moderate AE prevalence, and low AE prevalence). Females, blacks, patients with high psychological stress, and patients more recently diagnosed were more likely to be in the high AE prevalence group. Gender, age, race, and time since diagnosis were associated with psychological stress.

Children with cancer are heterogeneous in experiencing subjective AEs. Gender, race, and time since diagnosis were significantly associated with higher subjective AE prevalence that may lead to psychological stress.
Children with cancer are heterogeneous in experiencing subjective AEs. Gender, race, and time since diagnosis were significantly associated with higher subjective AE prevalence that may lead to psychological stress.
Managing activities of daily living is important to people with advanced cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Understanding disability in activities of daily living may inform service planning.

To identify the prevalence of disability in activities of daily living, associations and change over time, in older people with advanced cancer or COPD.

Secondary analysis of International Access, Rights and Empowerment (IARE) studies in adults aged ≥65years with advanced disease in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and United States, using cross-sectional (IARE I & II) and longitudinal (IARE II, 3 timepoints over 6 months) data. Measures included disability in activities of daily living (Barthel Index), symptom severity (Palliative Outcome Scale), and assistive device use (self-reported). Logistic regression was used to identify relationships between disability and age, sex, living alone, diagnosis, and symptom burden; visual graphical analysis explores individual disability trajectories.

One hundred fifty-nine participants were included (140 cancer, 19 COPD).
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