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OBJECTIVE Due to the increasing annual incidence rate of disability and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the need for an appropriate diagnostic tool has become a crucial urgent issue. An increase in biomarkers and protein levels in response to AMI can be used as a predictive biomarker with different sensitivities and specificities. This study aimed at investigating the role of miR-19a as a biomarker with acceptable sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of AMI. METHODS We studied 175 patients with AMI admitted within 12 h of symptom onset and 90 healthy subjects as control group. Patients were divided into two groups, including group I (normal vessels and no significant artery stenosis) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) group II (patients with more than 50% stenosis in vessels and severe atherosclerosis) diagnosed by angiography. The expression level of miR-19a was evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction and other serum chemistries were also analyzed. RESULTS The results demonstrated that circulating miR-19a levels were significantly increased in patient groups compared to the control group (2.88 ± 1.06 vs. 5.93 ± 1.28, P less then 0.0001). We also found that miR-19a levels were higher in group II (134.62-fold) than group I (15.42-fold). The upper levels of miR-19a were significantly correlated with the increased serum levels of CK-MB (ρ=0.29, P less then 0.0001), CTn I (ρ=0.4, P less then 0.0001) and creatinine (ρ=0.27, P less then 0.0001). In addition, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that circulating miR-19a had considerable diagnostic accuracy for the patients with normal vessel with an AUC of 0.930 (95% CI 0.697-0.765) and for PCI patients with an AUC of 0.966 (95% CI 0.748-0.784). CONCLUSION Circulating miR-19a possibly has prognostic value to be used as a promising molecular target for early diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in both developed and developing nations. It is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ezrin is involved in maintaining cell structure and cell motility. Expression levels of the ezrin gene correlate with numerous human malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ezrin expression was evaluated in fifty one cases of colorectal carcinoma by using two methods; objective and quantitative method to determine the statistical relation between ezrin objective analysis score and clinicopathological parameters and to do a comparative study between both methods of analysis. RESULTS Ezrin was expressed in 92.2% of cases, and it showed a statistical significant relation with tumor grade. A statistically significant relation was found between ezrin objective analysis score and ezrin quantitative analysis score (P-value .BACKGROUND Patients often use Inernet to explore information about their health and disease. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of information on oral cancer provided at Arabic websites. MATERIAL AND METHOD The translated Arabic keywords of "oral cancer" and treatment of oral cancer" and 6 search engines were used. The top 100 websites were selected. Irrelevant and duplicates websites were excluded. To evaluate the quality of websites and their information, DISCERN, HON, and JAMA benchmarks were used. RESULTS The majority (n = 64, 74.4%) of websites were founded by profit organizations. The mean overall rating was 2.23 (1.6) out of 5 and the median overall rating was 1 (1-3) based on DISCERN. According to HON, only 4.7% of the websites achieved a high score (≥75) and 37.2% of the websites gained a low score (.OBJECTIVE Obesity is increasing worldwide. Previous studies of the impact of obesity on breast cancer outcomes have reported conflicting results. We investigated the association of obesity and breast cancer survival in Thai patients. METHODS Medical records of operable breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Siriraj Hospital between January 2004 and December 2011 were reviewed. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, stage, treatment and adverse event were described. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 using Asian's cutoff value. Survivals in both obese and non-obese patient groups were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 400 patients were included, 200 in each group. Obese patients were older and associated with more comorbidity. Obesity was associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.011), greater numbers of lymph node involvement (p = 0.003) and more advanced stage (p = 0.01). Obese patients were more likely to receive less adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46 to 1.13) and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.39) between obese and non-obese patients. Interestingly, obesity was associated with fewer complications from chemotherapy than non-obese patients (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Obesity had no adverse prognostic impact association on both DFS and OS in Thai patients with operable breast cancer, although obese patients more often presented with larger tumor and higher numbers of lymph node involvement..BACKGROUND Uterine fibroids are a common type of solid tumor presenting in women of reproductive age. There are very few alternative treatment available from conventional treatment involving surgeries. Labisia pumila var. alata or locally known as 'Kacip Fatimah' was widely used as traditional medicine in Malaysia. This plant has been used to maintain a healthy female reproductive system. The present study aimed to evaluate anti fibroid potential of L. pumila extracts through in vitro apoptosis activity against uterine leiomyoma cells (SK-UT-1) and in uterine leiomyoma xenograft model. Evaluation of bioactive markers content were also carried out. METHODS Apoptotic induction of the extracts was determined by morphological examination of AO/PI dual staining assay by flourescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis on Annexin V-FITC/PI stained cells. In vivo study was done in immune-compromised mouse xenograft model. HPLC analysis was employed to quantify marker compounds. RESULTS Morphological analysis showed L. pumila induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner against SK-UT-1 cells. In vivo study indicated that L. pumila significantly suppressed the growth of uterine fibroid tumor. All tested extracts contain bioactive marker of gallic acid and cafeic acid. CONCLUSION This work provide significant data of the potential of L. pumila in management of uterine fibroids..BACKGROUNDS The anti-cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) activity of atractylodin isolated from Atractylodes lacea (Thunb.) DC. has previously been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. However, the compound is insoluble in water and must be dissolved in organic solvent which might be harmful to human body. The aim of the study was to develop atractylodin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) (ALNPs) and to investigate its cytotoxic activity against CCA. METHODS The ALNPs were prepared using PLGA MW 12,000 and 48,000 by solvent displacement methods. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (%EE) and loading efficiency (%LE) as well as drug releasing profile of ALNPs were characterized. The selected ALNPs formulation was then investigated cytotoxic activity against CCA cell lines, CL-6 and HuCC-T1. RESULTS The ALNPs preparation was achieved using PLGA MW 12,000 (ALNPs-1) with mean (±SD) values of particle diameter, PDI and zeta potential of 158.13±0.21 nm, 0.076±0.003, and (-) 23.80± (-) 0.75 mV, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed spherical morphology of NPs. The %EE and %LE were 50.16±1.77% and 2.22±0.08%, respectively. The release of atractylodin from ALNPs-1 in PBS was up to 88% in 72 h. The potency of ALNPs-1 cytotoxic activity including selectivity against CCA cell line, CL-6, were about twice of the unformulated atractylodin after 24 h of exposure (IC50 29.28 vs 56.36 µg/mL, selectivity index 2.99 vs 1.50). CONCLUSION ALNPs were successfully prepared by solvent displacement method using PLGA MW 12,000 (ALNPs-1) with suitable pharmaceutical properties and cytotoxic activity against CCA. However, nano-formulation with improved pharmaceutical properties (higher %EE and %LE) and cytotoxic activity (improved selectivity to CCA) should be further developed for potential used as drug delivery systems for the treatment of CCA..OBJECTIVE To investigate cytotoxic activity of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) including its effect on p-glycoprotein (multidrug resistance-1 mdr-1 gene) in human cholangiocarcinoma cell. U0126 order METHODS Cytotoxic activity of EPMC against human cholangiocarcinoma (CL-6), fibroblast (OUMS-36T-1F), and colon cancer (Caco-2) cell lines were assessed using MTT assay. Selectivity index (SI) was determined as the ratio of IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) of EPMC in OUMS-36T-1F and that in CL-6 cell. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CL-6 cells were investigated by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Effect of EPMC on mdr-1 gene expression in CL-6 and Caco-2 was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS The median (95% CI) IC50 values of EPMC in CL-6, OUMS-36T-1F, and Caco-2 were 245.5 (243.1-266.7), 899.60 (855.8-966.3) and 347.0 (340.3-356.9) µg/ml, respectively. The SI value of the compound for the CL-6 cell was 3.70. EPMC at IC50 inhibited CL-6 cell division and induced apoptosis compared to untreated control. EPMC exposure did not induce mdr-1 gene expression in both CL-6 and Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION The results suggest the potential role of EPMC in cholangiocarcinoma with a low possibility of drug resistance induction.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This was a population-based ecological with data of deaths from the Mortality Information System. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trends of mortality induced by bronchi and lung cancer in Brazil and its geographical regions between 2001 and 2015 and secondly to calculate predictions for 2016-2030. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mortality trends were analyzed by the Joinpoint regression and calculation of predictions was used the Nordpred software. RESULTS There was a reduction trend in lung cancer mortality among Brazilian men living in South and Southeast regions of Brazil. However, there was an increasing trend in lung cancer mortality among Brazilian women living in Northeast, Southeast, and South regions of Brazil. When comparing the last observed period and the last foreseen period for males, it is expected an increase of 12.86% in the number of deaths, justified mainly by the change in population structure, with a reduction in the risk of death by the disease. For women, the expected increase is 26.22%, justified both by population structure, and the increased risk of deaths from the disease. The higher rates will be observed in the southern region of the country, for both sexes. CONCLUSION The mortality induced by lung and bronchial cancer in Brazil was unevenly distributed. However lung cancer incidence had a reducing trend, the mortality caused following it was increased among men. For women, the rates are rising, and until 2030, the mortality load will continue to rise for both..
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