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Management capabilities when they are young: the role associated with expectant mothers and paternal nurturing procedures.
These agents have antioxidant properties, but this feature usually is associated to skin-lightening action. In contrast, good photoprotectors would be able to enhance natural cutaneous pigmentation. This review examines flavonoids, one of the main groups of these agents, as well as new promising compounds with other chemical structures recently obtained from marine organisms.Alkene cleavage is a possibility to generate aldehydes with olfactory properties for the fragrance and flavor industry. A dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) of the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus (PsaPOX) cleaved the aryl alkene trans-anethole. The PsaPOX was semi-purified from the mycelium via FPLC, and the corresponding gene was identified. The amino acid sequence as well as the predicted tertiary structure showed typical characteristics of DyPs as well as a non-canonical Mn2+-oxidation site on its surface. The gene was expressed in Komagataella pfaffii GS115 yielding activities up to 142 U/L using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) as substrate. selleck kinase inhibitor PsaPOX exhibited optima at pH 3.5 and 40 °C and showed highest peroxidase activity in the presence of 100 µM H2O2 and 25 mM Mn2+. PsaPOX lacked the typical activity of DyPs towards anthraquinone dyes, but oxidized Mn2+ to Mn3+. In addition, bleaching of β-carotene and annatto was observed. Biotransformation experiments verified the alkene cleavage activity towards the aryl alkenes (E)-methyl isoeugenol, α-methylstyrene, and trans-anethole, which was increased almost twofold in the presence of Mn2+. The resultant aldehydes are olfactants used in the fragrance and flavor industry. PsaPOX is the first described DyP with alkene cleavage activity towards aryl alkenes and showed potential as biocatalyst for flavor production.Chitosan derivatives, and more specifically, glycosylated derivatives, are nowadays attracting much attention within the scientific community due to the fact that this set of engineered polysaccharides finds application in different sectors, spanning from food to the biomedical field. Overcoming chitosan (physical) limitations or grafting biological relevant molecules, to mention a few, represent two cardinal strategies to modify parent biopolymer; thereby, synthetizing high added value polysaccharides. The present review is focused on the introduction of oligosaccharide side chains on the backbone of chitosan. The synthetic aspects and the effect on physical-chemical properties of such modifications are discussed. Finally, examples of potential applications in biomaterials design and drug delivery of these novel modified chitosans are disclosed.Normal tissue toxicity is a dose-limiting factor in radiation therapy. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the normal tissue response to radiation is necessary to predict the risk of normal tissue toxicity and to development strategies for tissue protection. One component of normal tissue that is continuously exposed during therapeutic irradiation is the circulating population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMCs are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR); however, little is known about how IR affects the PBMC response on a systemic level. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether IR was capable to induce changes in the composition and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from PBMCs after radiation exposure to different doses. Therefore, whole blood samples from healthy donors were exposed to X-ray radiation in the clinically relevant doses of 0, 0.1, 2 or 6 Gy and PBMC-secreted EVs were isolated 72 h later. Proteome and miRNome analysis of EVs as well as function for radiation dosimetry and even more importantly, they suggest EVs as a novel systemic communication pathway between irradiated normal, non-cancer tissues.It is often overlooked that even food production is linked to the ecology of plants and animals. Living organisms respond to environmental short-and long-term variability acknowledging this may help in the ultimate goal of valorizing a territory/product. We investigated acorns of the two main Quercus species of the Portuguese Montado, a main feed of the renown black Iberian pig. We tested their responses to an aridity gradient by morphological parameters and isotopic signature. Q. rotundifolia and Q. suber acorns did not differ morphologically, even if a higher variability in all parameters was observed in acorns of Q. suber. According to the site-specific Aridity Index, correlations are indicative to higher weight and length only in Q. suber acorns from more arid sites. As for isotopic composition, there were no differences in nitrogen or carbon (δ15N and δ13C) between the two species. However, combining the samples and testing for association with the Aridity Index, we found that more arid sites lead to a 15N enrichment. This result, combined with the positive correlation between AI and acorns length, support the use of acorns as a tool, their isoscapes of nitrogen being a stepping stone for the provenance of the black Iberian pig.To deposit well-adhered diamond coating, gradient-modified hafnium carbide-silicon carbide (HfC-SiC) mixed bi-interlayers were prepared on cemented carbides (WC-Co) by plasma surface metallurgy technique under the different tetramethylsiline (TMS) flow rate increment. The effects of the TMS flow rate increment on the composition, microstructure, adhesion, and hardness of the bi-interlayers were investigated. Then, the well-adhered bi-interlayer was chosen for the deposition of the diamond coating. It was found that the HfC-SiC mixed bi-interlayers consisted of a diffusion-modified HfC-riched inner layer and a SiC-riched outer layer. The TMS flow rate increment played a key role in tailoring the surface morphology, thickness, and interface character of the bi-interlayer. The dense nanocrystalline diamond coating was formed on the optimized bi-interlayer at the increment of 0.20 sccm/2 min. The diamond coating showed excellent adhesion, which was benefited from the cobalt (Co) diffusion inhibition, gradient composition distribution, and mechanical interlocking.
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