Notes

Fenfluramine from the effective treatment of super-refractory reputation epilepticus in a affected individual with Dravet syndrome.
05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the association of the diode laser with standard non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP) provided minimal additional benefits for patients with moderate chronic periodontitis.Introduction Considering the recent trend to use mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine and resin cements, more conservative approaches concurrent with adequate bond strength have always been requested. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with ErYAG laser etching versus acid-etching for 5 and 15 seconds on the micro shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement (SRC) to MTA and Biodentine. Materials and Methods Forty-eight samples of each cement (MTA and Biodentine) were prepared and distributed into four groups based on surface pretreatment 1) control, no treatment; 2) ErYAG laser etching with energy of 60 mJ; 3) 5-second acid-etching; 4) 15-second acid-etching. All specimens were cemented using SRC. Microshear bond strengths were tested following 24-hour water storage. Debonded specimens were examined and surface topography was assessed using an atomic force machine (AFM). Data analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons test. Results The three testing groups of laser etch and 5-s and 15-s acid-etch demonstrated a significantly higher SBS than the control group (P 0.05). Furthermore, Biodentine showed better adhesive bonding than MTA in all groups. Conclusion Laser etching of 60 mJ and 5-s acid-etching were as beneficial as 15-s acid-etching in terms of bond strength of SRC to MTA and Bodentine.Introduction our study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of Holmium YAG laser internal urethrotomy compared to the cold knife internal urethrotomy. Methods Eighty adult male patients presented with a urethral stricture less than 1.5 cm were included in our study; they were randomly allocated into 2 groups representing Holmium and cold knife internal urethrotomy. A careful evaluation with ascending cystourethrogram and uroflowmetry were done on all patients, and they were followed up for 1 year with uroflowmetry. Results Each group included 40 patients sharing the same demographic data. The most common cause of a urethral stricture in both groups was iatrogenic injury. The mean operative time of the cold knife urethrotomy procedure was 10.98 ± 2.40 minutes compared to 15.43 ± 2.48 minutes in the holmium laser urethrotomy group with a highly significant difference. The results showed success rates of 90% and 80% for the holmium laser and cold knife internal urethrotomy groups respectively. The perioperative complication according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, showed no statistically significant difference in grade 1 and 2 complications. A recurrence rate with the need for redo surgery representing grade 3B complication was seen in 4 cases in the Holmium group compared to 8 cases in the cold knife group with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion Both Holmium Laser and cold knife internal urethrotomy are an effective surgical option for the treatment of a urethral stricture less than 1.5 cm with a promising outcome after 1-year follow-up with a better success rate using the Holmium laser.Introduction Genital condylomatosis is a highly contagious disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The aim of this prospective multicentre study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the HolmiumYAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) laser in the treatment of genital and intra-urethral warts; the secondary aim was to assess the patients' postoperative satisfaction and cosmetic results. Methods From December 2016 to March 2019, patients with genital warts were prospectively enrolled in three hospitals. The inclusion criteria were male gender, age over 18 years-old and treatment-naïve. External and urethral genitalia warts were treated by the Holmium YAG laser. The follow-up analysis consisted of physical examination, flexible urethro-cystoscopy in case of meatal lesions, and administration of Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) questionnaires at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery and subsequently yearly. Results Sixty patients were enrolled. The single treatment was effective in 57/60 patients (95%). At a mean follow-up of 26 months, recurrences occurred in 8 patients (13.3%). No peri- or post-operative complication occurred. An improvement in pre-operative condition was highlighted with PGI-I and DLQI questionnaires. Conclusion Our prospective multicentre study showed that holmium laser surgery seems to be a safe and effective treatment for external genital and urethral warts. Good dermatological outcomes aid to further improve patient satisfaction.Introduction Photomodulation is a promising strategy for optimizing tissue healing, but its photomodulatory effects on the synergistic cellular metabolism of gingival and bony tissues remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the photomodulatory effects of a diode laser (810 nm) on osteoblasts, HGFs and their co-cultures in vitro. Methods Primary cultures of HGFs, cultures of immature osteoblastic cells (MG63) and their co-cultures were irradiated with a diode laser (810 nm), 15 J/cm2. Cell cultures were examined for cellular proliferation (MTT assay), viability (FDA/PI staining) after 24, 48 and 72 hours and cell differentiation (qPCR of collagen type 1a - COL1a and alkaline phosphatase expressions - ALP) after 7 days. Results Photomodulation with an 810-nm diode laser increased cell proliferation at all time points. COL1a gene expression increased both in HGF and co-cultures. ALP expression was up-regulated in osteoblastic cultures, but co-cultures with fibroblasts negated this response. Conclusion The 810-nm diode laser positively affected cell proliferation and viability in all experimental groups. The statistically significant increased COL1a gene expression at 7 days after irradiation both in the irradiated HGF and co-cultures suggests that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) formation signaling in both cell types.Introduction Non-clinical cardiovascular drug safety assessment is the main step in the progress of new pharmaceutical products. Cardiac drug safety testing focuses on a delayed rectifier potassium channel block and QT interval prolongation, whereas optogenetics is a powerful technology for modulating the electrophysiological properties of excitable cells. Methods For this purpose, the blue light-gated ion channel, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), has been introduced into isolated primary neonatal cardiomyocytes via a lentiviral vector. After being subjected to optical stimulation, transmembrane potential and intracellular calcium were assessed. Results Here, we generated cardiomyocytes expressing ChR2 (light-sensitive protein), that upon optical stimulation, the cardiomyocytes depolarized result from alterations of membrane voltage and intracellular calcium. Conclusion This cell model was easily adapted to a cell culture system in a laboratory, making this method very attractive for therapeutic research on cardiac optogenetics.Introduction Blue and blue-violet diode lasers (450 and 405 nm) seem to represent an interesting approach for several clinical treatments today. The aim of this narrative review is to describe and comment on the literature regarding the utilization of blue and blue-violet lasers in dentistry. Methods A search for "blue laser AND dentistry" was conducted using the PubMed database, and all the papers referring to this topic, ranging from 1990 to April 2020, were analyzed in the review. All the original in vivo and in vitro studies using 450 nm or 405 nm lasers were included in this study. All the articles on the LED light, laser wavelengths other than 405 and 450 nm and using lasers in specialties other than dentistry, as well as case reports, guideline papers and reviews were excluded. Results From a total of 519 results, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 8 groups based on their fields of application disinfection (10), photobiomodulation (PBM) (4), bleaching (1), resin curing (20), surgery (7), periodontics (1), endodontics (1) and orthodontics (3). Conclusion Blue and blue-violet diode lasers may represent new and effective devices to be used in a large number of applications in dentistry, even if further studies will be necessary to fully clarify the potentialities of these laser wavelengths.Introduction The regeneration of dental pulp tissue using human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Recent studies have suggested that several factors such as photobiomodulation (PBM) and vitamin D affect the proliferation and differentiation of HDPSCs. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of PBM and vitamin D on odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs for dentin -like tissue formation. Methods HDPSCs were collected, isolated, and characterized and then divided into six groups group I, control; group II, vitamin D (10-7 Mol); group III, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 of 810 nm diode laser; group IV, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D; group V, irradiation at 2 J/cm2, and group VI, irradiation at 2 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D, cell viability assay was measured through MTT. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were also assessed. Results PBM at 1 and 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D significantly promoted HDPSCs proliferation through MTT assay and odontogenic differentiation through gene expression of VEGF, BMP-2, and DSPP levels (P less then 0.0001). Conclusion PBM at 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D enhanced the HDPSCs proliferation and odontogenic differentiation and thus could be a novel strategy for dentin regeneration in dentistry.Introduction This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in orthodontic separator pain. Methods This article was written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Electronically and manually 3 databases, namely PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, were searched by the keywords that were selected based on population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) on October 10, 2020. Studies were appraised by Cochrane version 5.2.0 with 7 domains and were checked by these inclusion criteria 1. Randomized clinical trial (RCT) that examined the efficacy of LLLT in separator pain, 2. Split-mouth design, 3. LLLT application in the first hours after separator placement, 4. LLLT application to both sides of the teeth, 5. Selleck Butyzamide Patients receiving elastomeric separators between the premolars and molars, 6. Lasers with a wavelength of 800-899 nm, 7. Studies conducted from 2010 to 2020, and 8. Participants who went through orthodontic treatment without limitation in gender, age and social-economic status. Results 299 studies were screened. 34 full-text papers were read by 2 authors independently. In the end, 4 articles met the inclusion criteria. All 4 articles showed LLLT has a significant impact on pain reduction. Conclusion The exact protocol for laser therapy is still not clear. Therefore, more studies with a meticulously designed method are needed.
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/butyzamide.html