Notes

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Without a clear explanation, Burel and colleagues excluded these genes from their analysis, thereby effectively stripped DEs from their identity. Inclusion of these genes as described in this communication restores the identity of DEs. Moreover, contrary to the claim of Burel and colleagues, B- and T-cell specific genes are similarly expressed in DE cells.
It is well documented that sexual minority individuals are more likely to report disordered eating (DE) than those identifying as heterosexual. Although DE is prevalent in veterans, investigation of potential disparities in DE among sexual minority veterans is limited. This study examined rates of DE in post-9/11 United States (U.S.) veterans identifying as sexual minorities and explored their association with discrimination because of marginalized identities.

A national sample of recently separated post-9/11 U.S. veterans were recruited. Women (N=805; heterosexual [n=656]; lesbian [n=51]; bisexual [n=98]) and men (N=558; heterosexual [n=540]; gay [n=11]; bisexual [n=7]) completed a survey assessing eating behaviors, mental health, and military experiences. Weighted correlational and regression analyses were conducted. Analyses in men were exploratory.

DE was prevalent across gender and sexual orientation identity groups. Women identifying as bisexual and men identifying as gay reported higher rates of lthcare needs of these veterans.
Sexual minority individuals experience disparities in disordered eating; yet, this has not been explored in military veterans. This study found that disordered eating is a significant health concerns for veteran women and men, especially among those identifying as sexual minorities. More research is needed to explore why these disparities exist, such as the role of minority stress, in order to address the unique healthcare needs of these veterans.
Fontan operation in heterotaxy patients has been associated with high mortality. We studied whether adoption of the extracardiac conduit (EC) total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC)in heterotaxy demonstrated comparable results to non-heterotaxy population.

A retrospective medical record review of 35 consecutive patients with heterotaxy and 70 consecutive patients without heterotaxy syndrome who underwent EC TCPC between 2000 and 2018 was performed.

In the 35 heterotaxy patients, 30 were right and 5 were left atrial isomerism. Anomalies of venous return included bilateral superior vena cava in 20 (57.1%), separated hepatic vein in 8 (22.9%), interrupted inferior vena cava in 3 (8.6%), total anomalous pulmonary venous return in 7 (20%), and partial in 2 patients (5.7%). All patients underwent EC TCPC under beating-heart cardiopulmonary bypass except in four patients (11.4%) cardioplegic arrest was needed for cardiac repair. The surgical mortality rate was lower in heterotaxy patients (0% vs. 5.7%; p = 0.299) but statistically not significant. The follow-up ranged from 2 months to 17.8 years (mean 9.4 ± 5.6 years). At 15 years, there was no significant difference between the heterotaxy and non-heterotaxy patients regarding the long-term survival (70% vs. 78.6%; p = 0.443), freedom from reoperation (81.9% vs. 96.5%; p = 0.057), and postoperative arrhythmia (17.1% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.174).

EC TCPC can be performed in heterotaxy patients with comparable early and late results to the non-heterotaxy population. However, the late morbidities regarding the Fontan circulation needs careful follow-up.
EC TCPC can be performed in heterotaxy patients with comparable early and late results to the non-heterotaxy population. However, the late morbidities regarding the Fontan circulation needs careful follow-up.
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) colonizes the human gastric mucosa with a high worldwide prevalence. Currently, H.pylori is eradicated by the use of antibiotics. However, elevated antibiotic resistance suggests new therapeutic strategies need to be envisioned one approach being prophylactic vaccination. Pre-clinical and clinical data show that a urease-based vaccine is efficient in decreasing H.pylori infection through the mobilization of T helper (Th) cells, especially Th17 cells. Th17 cells produce interleukins such as IL-22 and IL-17, among others, and are key players in vaccine efficacy. Recently, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing Th17 cells have been identified.

This study explores the possibility that GM-CSF plays a role in the reduction of H.pylori infection following vaccination.

We demonstrate that GM-CSF
IL-17
Th17 cells accumulate in the stomach mucosa of H.pylori infected mice during the vaccine-induced reduction of H.pylori infection. this website Secondly, we provide evidence that vaccinated GM-CSF deficient mice only modestly reduce H.pylori infection. Conversely, we observe that an increase in GM-CSF availability reduces H.pylori burden in chronically infected mice. Thirdly, we show that GM-CSF, by acting on gastric epithelial cells, promotes the production of βdefensin3, which exhibits H.pylori bactericidal activities.

Taken together, we demonstrate a key role of GM-CSF, most probably originating from Th17 cells, in the vaccine-induced reduction of H.pylori infection.
Taken together, we demonstrate a key role of GM-CSF, most probably originating from Th17 cells, in the vaccine-induced reduction of H. pylori infection.One major challenge of future sustainable photochemistry is to replace precious and rare transition metals in applications such as energy conversion or electroluminescence by earth-abundant, cheap, and recyclable materials. This involves using coordination complexes of first row transition metals such as Cu, Cr, or Mn. In the case of iron, which is attractive due to its natural abundance, fundamental limitations imposed by the small ligand field splitting energy have recently been overcome. In this review article, we briefly summarize the present knowledge and understanding of the structure-property relationships of Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes with excited state lifetimes in the nanosecond range. However, our main focus is to examine to which extent the ultrafast spectroscopy methods used so far provided insight into the excited state structure and the photo-induced dynamics of these complexes. Driven by the main question of how to spectroscopically, i. e. in energy and concentration, differentiate the population of ligand- vs. metal-centered states, the hitherto less exploited ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy is suggested to provide valuable complementary insights.Properdin, the only known positive regulator of the complement system, stabilizes the C3 convertase, thereby increasing its half-life. In contrast to most other complement factors, properdin is mainly produced extrahepatically by myeloid cells. Recent data suggest a role for properdin as a pattern recognition molecule. Here, we confirmed previous findings of properdin binding to different necrotic cells including Jurkat T cells. Binding can occur independent of C3, as demonstrated by HAP-1 C3 KO cells, excluding a role for endogenous C3. In view of the cellular source of properdin, interaction with myeloid cells was examined. Properdin bound to the surface of viable monocyte-derived pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages, but not to DCs. Binding was demonstrated for purified properdin as well as fractionated P2, P3, and P4 properdin oligomers. Binding contributed to local complement activation as determined by C3 and C5b-9 deposition on the cell surfaces and seems a prerequisite for alternative pathway activation. Interaction of properdin with cell surfaces could be inhibited with the tick protein Salp20 and by different polysaccharides, depending on sulfation and chain length. These data identify properdin as a factor interacting with different cell surfaces, being either dead or alive, contributing to the local stimulation of complement activation.
Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a well-known plant activator, has been used to protect fruit and vegetable from fungal invasion and maintain quality. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of ASM in regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolisms. Therefore, Docteur Jules Guyot pears were used as the materials to study the changes of hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) production, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, transcription factors, chlorophyll, and carotenoid metabolisms after ASM and PD98059 (a MAPK cascade blocker) treatments.

ASM increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and H
O
content, promoted PcMAPKKK1, PcMAPKK3, and PcMAPK6 expressions, and down-regulated PcMYC2, PcPIF1, PcPIF3, and PcPIF4 expressions in exocarp of pears. ASM also delayed the decrease of chlorophyll a and b contents, and inhibited the accumulation of β-carotene, lycopene and lutein, PcNYC1, PcHCAR, PcPPH, PcSGR1/2, PcPAO, PcPSY, PcLCYB, PcCRTZ2, PcCCS1 expressions, and promoted PcLCYE expression. PD98059 + ASM treatments depressed SOD and NOX activities and H
O
content, inhibited PcMAPKKK1, PcMAPKK3, PcMAPK6, PcPIF1, and PcPIF3 expressions, and promoted PcMYC2 and PcPIF4 expressions in exocarp of pears. Additionally, PD98059 + ASM accelerated PcNYC1, PcHCAR, PcPPH, PcSGR1/2, PcPAO, PcPSY, PcCYB, PcCRTZ2, and PcCCS1 expressions, thereby reducing chlorophyll a and b contents, and promoting β-carotene, lycopene and lutein contents.

Postharvest ASM treatment promoted the production of H
O
to activate the MAPK cascade, then phosphorylated/dephosphorylated transcription factors expression, and delayed chlorophyll decomposition and carotenoid synthesis in pears. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Postharvest ASM treatment promoted the production of H2 O2 to activate the MAPK cascade, then phosphorylated/dephosphorylated transcription factors expression, and delayed chlorophyll decomposition and carotenoid synthesis in pears. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A relationship between spine osteoarthritis (OA) and metabolic syndrome has not been established. This study evaluated whether metabolic syndrome is associated with radiographic spine OA in the Korean population.

A total of 2252 subjects older than 50years who underwent plain radiography of the lumbar spine during the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2012 were enrolled. Radiographic grading of the lumbar spine was performed using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading scale, ranging from grade 0 to grade 2. K-L grade 2 was defined as lumbar spine OA, while those of K-L grade 0 or 1 were defined as controls.

The prevalence of spine OA was 28.1% (n=689). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in spine OA was not different from that among controls. The cumulative number of metabolic syndrome components was significantly different between spine OA and controls (P=.027). Subjects with K-L grade 1 or grade 2 showed higher proportion of metabolic syndrome and its cumulative components than those of K-L grade 0. Two or 3 or more metabolic syndrome components were significantly associated with spine OA (P=.012 and P=.010, respectively). Abnormal waist circumference was weakly associated with spine OA (odds ratio 1.233, 95% CI 1.000-1.520, P=.050). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age and female gender were linked with spine OA, but not metabolic syndrome.

This study found lack of association between metabolic syndrome and radiographic spine OA.
This study found lack of association between metabolic syndrome and radiographic spine OA.
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