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Evaluation of Customized Well-designed Power Stimulation-Induced Intense Modifications in the course of Jogging: An incident Series in kids together with Cerebral Palsy.
Nanotechnology has been well explored to enhance the crops nutritional quality, livestock productivity, plant protection from various stressors and in enhancement of seed quality via nanopesticides and nanofertilizers. Aiming at sustainable agriculture practices with fewer inputs, maximum benefits, ecologically safe and compatible technique the nanotechnology is an efficient approach to counteract problems of seed ageing incurring during storage, which is relatively less explored and unresolved conventionally, in general.Soil salinity is the main constraint for crop productivity in many parts of the world. Application of silicon (Si) and chitosan (Chi) can improve crop growth under saline soil conditions. The current study was aimed to examine the effects of Si and Chi on mitigation of salinity, morphological and physiological attributes as well as the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays L.) under saline soil conditions. A field experiment was conducted that comprised of nine treatments as follows (i) Control (no amendment), (ii) Silicon 40 kg ha-1 (Si1), (iii) Chitosan 15 kg ha-1 (Chi1), (iv) Si1 + Chi1, (v) Silicon 80 kg ha-1 (Si2), (vi) Chitosan 30 kg ha-1 (Chi2), (vii) Si2 + Chi2, (viii) Si1 + Chi2 and (ix) Si2 + Chi1. Application of Si and Chi substantially improved the morphological and physiological attributes as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of maize plants, and combined application of Si and Chi was more effective when compared with Si and Chi treatments separately. Membrane stability index was improved by 25%, relative water content by 26%, chlorophyll a by 69% and b by 56% with combined application of Si and chitosan (Si2 + Chi2) compared with control. The SOD, POD and CAT increased by 36%, 38% and 65% with Si2 + Chi2 compared with control. The results suggest that Si and Chi application is the possible option for alleviating salinity stress in maize plant. Further research is suggested to examine Si and Chi effects on various crop's growth.Chitinases are a diverse group of enzymes having the ability to degrade chitin. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth, predominantly found in insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. In this study, we performed a genome-wide search for chitinase genes and identified a total of 49 chitinases in tea. These genes were categorized into 5 classes, where an expansion of class V chitinases has been observed in comparison to other plant species. Extensive loss of introns in 46% of the GH18 chitinases indicates that an evolutionary pressure is acting upon these genes to lose introns for rapid gene expression. The promoter upstream regions in 65% of the predicted chitinases contain methyl-jasmonate, salicylic acid and defense responsive cis-acting elements, which may further illustrate the possible role of chitinases in tea plant's defense against various pests and pathogens. Differential expression analysis revealed that transcripts of two GH19 chitinases TEA028279 and TEA019397 got upregulated during three different fungal infections in tea. While GH19 chitinase TEA031377 showed an increase in transcript abundance in the two insect infested tea tissues. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that five GH19 chitinases viz. TEA018892, TEA031484, TEA28279, TEA033470 and TEA031277 showed significant increase in expression in the tea plants challenged with a biotrophic pathogen Exobasidium vexans. The study endeavours in highlighting biotic stress responsive defensive role of chitinase genes in tea.Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form complex molecular modules in response to diverse abiotic stresses. Although previous studies demonstrated that the CBL-CIPK networks play a crucial role in plants response to abiotic stresses, however, little is known about their functions in cotton. In the present study, a total of 22 GhCBL and 79 GhCIPK gene family members were identified in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linn). Synteny analysis revealed that most genes of GhCBL and GhCIPK exist in pairs between At sub-genome and Dt sub-genome. Interaction analysis between GhCBL and GhCIPK proteins by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) suggested that the GhCBL-GhCIPK networks were complex, and exhibited functional redundancy in cotton. Quantitative expression analysis by public transcriptome datasets revealed that some GhCBL and GhCIPK genes are differentially expressed under abiotic stress treatments, and especially under drought stress. Our results not only contribute to understanding the structural features of GhCBL and GhCIPK genes but also provide the basis for in-depth functional studies of GhCBL-GhCIPK networks in stress response for plants.
The online version contains supplementary material available at (doi10.1007/s12298-021-00943-1).
The online version contains supplementary material available at (doi10.1007/s12298-021-00943-1).Dendrobium fimbriatum is an ornamental and medicinal orchid listed in the Red data book of IUCN. Phytohormones' effect on the in vitro regeneration of the orchid was studied using Mitra medium supplemented with different growth regulators. KN produced effective shoot formation when present alone or in combination with IBA or NAA. The shooting was gradually increased when KN concentration was increased from 0.8 to 4.8 mg L-1, but the opposite response was observed with BAP at higher concentration (4.8 mg L-1). IBA either in combination with BAP or KN promoted effective root development and multiplication. Micropropagated orchids grown in the basal medium devoid of any phytohormone showed 100% monomorphism, while low genetic polymorphism of 1.52% (RAPD-Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA), 1.19% (ISSR-Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) and 3.97% (SCoT-Start Codon Targeted) was exhibited among the regenerants propagated in the hormone enriched medium. selleck inhibitor UPGMA (Unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages) dendrograms showed the grouping of mother plant (MP) with the in vitro regenerants. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) further confirmed the clustering patterns as determined by the cluster analysis. The study reported for the first time the successful in vitro propagation of Dendrobium fimbriatum and their genetic stability assessment using molecular markers.
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