Notes

Aspects creating variability throughout formation associated with heart collaterals in the course of coronary heart.
The prevalence of obesity observed in treated ADHD patients was significantly lower compared to that in unmedicated patients. This result suggests that the treatment is not only important for controlling ADHD manifestations but is also associated with lower body mass index. Therefore, further prospective studies with large sample size are required for controlling the confounding factors such as comorbidities and medication status.
The prevalence of obesity observed in treated ADHD patients was significantly lower compared to that in unmedicated patients. This result suggests that the treatment is not only important for controlling ADHD manifestations but is also associated with lower body mass index. Therefore, further prospective studies with large sample size are required for controlling the confounding factors such as comorbidities and medication status.
To compare the effectiveness of intermittent and continuous proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) infusion on the outcomes of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB).

The study was a single-centred retrospective study in adult patients with active upper gastrointestinal bleeding who received intermittent or continuous PPI infusion at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from January 2013 to October 2019. The outcomes assessed were rebleeding, length of hospital stays and mortality within 30 days of admission, and were compared between the treatment groups. A statistically significant
-value was set at 0.05.

The study involved 97 patients with NVUGIB treated with intermittent (n=56) and continuous (n=41) PPI infusions, with mean (±SD) ages of 66.0±16.1 and 58.0±19.5 years, respectively. The baseline and clinical characteristics between the 2 treatment groups; age (
=0.116), gender (
=0.345) and comorbidities (
=0.401), were comparable. There were no significant differences in rebleeding rates within 30 days (5 [8.9%] versus 1 [2.4%],
=0.396), length of hospital stays (4 vs 5,
=0.067), and mortality rate (1 [1.7%] vs 3 [7.3%],
=0.308) between the 2 groups.

The management of NVUGIB with intermittent and continuous PPI infusions demonstrated comparable outcomes in reducing rebleeding rate, length of hospital stays, and mortality rate among patients attending the university hospital in Saudi Arabia.
The management of NVUGIB with intermittent and continuous PPI infusions demonstrated comparable outcomes in reducing rebleeding rate, length of hospital stays, and mortality rate among patients attending the university hospital in Saudi Arabia.
To assess the survival of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia and to investigate possible mortality predictors.

This is a retrospective cohort study involving 248 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 who were admitted to the primary COVID-19 referral hospital in Jeddah between March and June of 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory investigations, management protocols, complications, treatment options, and mortality data were extracted from electronic medical records. The time analysis began at the first signs of illness thorough discharge or death.

Our study showed that in-hospital complications including heart failure followed by acute renal failure had the largest effect size on mortality (
<0.001). Elderly patients and those with comorbid asthma had a higher risk of death. Non-survivors presented more commonly with shortness of breath and fever than survivors. High D-Dimer level was a marginally significant indicator of mortality in the studied population (
=0.05). We did not find a significant benefit in relation to any treatment option.

Age, asthma, some in-hospital complications are important survival indicators in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The controllable co-factors should be monitored and managed by healthcare workers to reduce mortality rates in those hospitalized with COVID-19.
Age, asthma, some in-hospital complications are important survival indicators in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The controllable co-factors should be monitored and managed by healthcare workers to reduce mortality rates in those hospitalized with COVID-19.
To investigate how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic quarantine affected Saudi adults' dietary behaviors and lifestyles in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

A retrospective cross-sectional study using an electronic questionnaire was adopted. A total of 476 Saudis residing in Jeddah were involved with the investigation. The study was carried out from March to May 2021. The questionnaire addressed dietary behaviors (types of foods consumed) and lifestyle behaviors (food shopping, physical activity, and sleep quality).

The study participants aged 18-65 years, 70.2% were females, mainly non-infected with coronavirus previously (88.7%). Fast food consumption as (pizza and burgers) decreased significantly during the quarantine period. However, consumption of snacks, sugars, and pastries increased significantly during the quarantine period. This could be attributed to the boredom and distress experience during this period. The results showed that participants reported a significant decreases in daily physical activity and shopping during the quarantine period. There was also a significant change in their sleep quality. Moreover, there were significant differences between males and females concerning eating snacks, healthy foods, sweetened beverages, pastries, physical activity, daily activities (housework and shopping), and smoking behavior.

The COVID-19 quarantine period significantly affected Saudi adults' healthy eating behaviors and lifestyle.
The COVID-19 quarantine period significantly affected Saudi adults' healthy eating behaviors and lifestyle.
To calculate the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in myocardial infarction (MI) patients and examine associated predictors and clinical outcomes of NOAF patients.

A retrospective cohort study was used to carry out this study. All MI patients admitted to King Khaled University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2015 to 2020 were eligible for inclusion. The study excluded those with a previous diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and patients who died at presentation.

A total of 281 patients were analyzed with a mean age of 58.7±12.7. Incidence of NOAF was 7.8%. Significant predictors identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis included older age (
=0.004), history of MI (
=0.012), and undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) as treatment (
=0.016). New-onset atrial fibrillation was associated with higher odds of major adverse cardiovascular event (
=0.039), ventricular tachycardia (
=0.001), and mortality (
=0.031).

New-onset atrial fibrillation is a relatively common complication of MI, and in our study, it was associated with higher odds of further complications including death. Therefore, identification of MI patients at risk of developing NOAF is crucial. Our study suggests that older age, a previous history of MI, and undergoing CABG are significant predictors of NOAF development.
New-onset atrial fibrillation is a relatively common complication of MI, and in our study, it was associated with higher odds of further complications including death. Therefore, identification of MI patients at risk of developing NOAF is crucial. Our study suggests that older age, a previous history of MI, and undergoing CABG are significant predictors of NOAF development.
To test the antidiabetic potential of
extract (GLE) in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (STZ).

The study was carried out in June 2021.
powdered leaves were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using ethanol. Male rats were administered a low dose-40mg/kg STZ by intraperitoneal route following 2 weeks of HFD to induce type-2 diabetic rats (T2DR). Rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=6). Group 1 (normal control; 10 ml/kg normal saline); Group 2 (diabetic control DC); Group 3 (standard; DR + metformin, 100mg/kg per oral); Group 4 (DR + GLE 250mg/kg); Group 5 (DR + GLE 500mg/kg). The treatment period extended for 2 weeks. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were determined on days 0, 7, and 14. Fasting serum insulin (FSI) levels, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HOMA-IR, antioxidant enzyme level, Insulin tolerance test (ITT), and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) tests were estimated.

extract exhibited a marked decrease (
<0.001) in fasting blood glucose levels. Regorafenib T2DR receiving a higher dose of GLE showed a greater improvement in metabolic indices (FSI, FBG, Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance). The ITT and IPGTT results demonstrated that GLE could significantly enhance insulin tolerance, glucose tolerance, and antioxidant enzyme levels in T2DR.

can be an ideal medicinal plant candidate for treating T2DM, and it should be investigated further for its therapeutic potential.
Gardenia latifolia can be an ideal medicinal plant candidate for treating T2DM, and it should be investigated further for its therapeutic potential.
To observe the effect of different fresh gas flows (FGF) on carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels non-invasively and continuously and to determine the contribution of the smoking status to intraoperative carbon monoxide (CO) accumulation and respiratory complications.

A total of 64 patients were included in the study. Carboxyhemoglobin level was monitored non-invasively from the fingertip. Patients were divided into 2 according to the FGF as low-flow anesthesia (LFA; Group L) and high flow anesthesia (Group H). Each group was divided again into 2 groups as smokers and non-smokers. Carboxyhemoglobin and and the respiratory complications that occurred in the post-anesthesia care unit were recorded.

The mean COHb values were significantly higher in Group L between 30th and 210th minutes. Furthermore, in Group L, intraoperative COHb levels were significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers in all periods. In group H, no difference was observed between smokers and non-smokers in terms of COHb levels after 60 minutes and also preoperative COHb levels of the patients developed respiratory complication was higher.

If the CO
absorbent is properly preserved in patients who are administered LFA, there will be no risk of CO accumulation even in chronic smokers.
.
If the CO2 absorbent is properly preserved in patients who are administered LFA, there will be no risk of CO accumulation even in chronic smokers.ClinicalTrials.gov REG. No. NCT04832256.Adipogenesis is a complex process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate preadipocyte proliferation, adipogenic capacity and maturation of metabolic function. Here we show that insulin and IGF-1 receptors are essential for mature adipocyte survival and that deletion of both IR and IGF1R specifically in fat using a tamoxifen inducible-AdipoQ-Cre (Ai-DKO) leads to rapid and severe loss of adipocytes in all depots, associated with a metabolic syndrome characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver, and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. In this model, this pathological phenotype reverses over a few weeks, in large part, due to preadipocyte proliferation and adipose tissue regeneration. Incubation of preadipocytes with serum from the Ai-DKO mice in vitro stimulates cell proliferation, and this effect can be mimicked by conditioned media from liver slices of Ai-DKO mice, but not by media of cultured Ai-DKO adipocytes, indicating a hepatic origin of the growth factor.
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