Notes

Allosteric coupling involving sub-millisecond clamshell activities within ionotropic glutamate receptor ligand-binding domain names.
Compton Cameras are electronically collimated photon imagers suitable for sub-MeV to few MeV gamma-ray detection. Such features are desirable to enable in vivo range verification in hadron therapy, through the detection of secondary Prompt Gammas. A major concern with this technique is the poor image quality obtained when the incoming gamma-ray energy is unknown. Compton Cameras with more than two detector planes (multi-layer Compton Cameras) have been proposed as a solution, given that these devices incorporate more signal sequences of interactions to the conventional two interaction events. In particular, three interaction events convey more spectral information as they allow inferring directly the incident gamma-ray energy. A three-layer Compton Telescope based on continuous Lanthanum (III) Bromide crystals coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers is being developed at the IRIS group of IFIC-Valencia. In a previous work we proposed a spectral reconstruction algorithm for two interaction events based on an analyrent experimental resolution and efficiency to three interaction events prevents us from correctly recovering complex structures of radioactive sources. However, given the better spectral information conveyed by three interaction events, we expect an improvement of the image quality of conventional Compton imaging when including such events. In this regard, future development includes the incorporation of the model assessed in this work to the two interaction events model in order to allow using simultaneously two and three interaction events in the image reconstruction. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.The magnesium doped copper spinel ferrite superparamagnetic nanoparticles (Mg(1-x)CuxFe2O4SPMNPs, 0.2≤x≤0.8) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Cytotoxicity Effects and cell viability of MCF-7 on human breast cancer cells pre and post exposure to the Mg(1-x)CuxFe2O4SPMNPs at different concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL under radiotherapy (RT) were studied by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Here, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) were evaluated for crystal structure, morphology, optical and magnetic property of the Mg(1-x)CuxFe2O4SPMNPs. The results showed that the Mg(1-x)CuxFe2O4SPMNPs at all x value had no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 and 10 μg/mL but enhanced by increasing of Cu content. Furthermore, cell destruction of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells post exposure to Mg(1-x)CuxFe2O4SPMNPs under X-ray irradiation enhanced by increasing of Cu content and concentration. Superparamagnetic properties of the Mg(1-x)CuxFe2O4SPMNPs make the tumor cells localized and remove them, by external magnetic field. In conclusion, the Mg(1-x)CuxFe2O4SPMNPs with optimum values of x=0.2 (10 μg/mL) and x=0.6 (1 μg/mL) can be considered as a nano-radiosensitizer because of synergistic treatment effect without cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 cells. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.In this report, we present results of high-pressure experiments probing the melt line of zirconium (Zr) up to 37 GPa. This investigation has determined that temperature versus laser power curves provide an accurate method to determine melt temperatures. click here When this information is combined with the onset of diffuse scattering, which is associated with the melt process, we demonstrate the ability to accurately determine the melt boundary. This presents a reliable method for rapid determination of melt boundary and agrees well with other established techniques for such measurements, as reported in previous works on Zr. Creative Commons Attribution license.Fish locomotion is characterized by waves of muscle electrical activity that proceed from head to tail, and result in an undulatory pattern of body bending that generates thrust during locomotion. Isolating the effects of parameters like body stiffness, phasing of activity between the right and left sides of the body, and frequency on thrust generation has proven to be difficult in live fishes. We use a pneumatically-actuated fish-like model to investigate how these parameters affect locomotor force generation. We measure thrust as well as side forces and torques generated during propulsion. Using a statistical linear model we examine the effects of input parameter combinations on thrust generation. We show that both stiffness and frequency substantially affect swimming kinematics, and that there are complex interactive effects of these two parameters on thrust. The stiffer the backbone the more impact that increasing frequency has on thrust production. For stiffer models, increasing frequency resulted in higher values for both thrust and lateral forces. Large side forces reduce swimming efficiency but this effect could be mitigated by decreasing undulatory wavelength and allowing appropriate phasing of left and right body movements to reduce amplitudes of side force. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offer a promising approach for developing low-cost solar energy conversion system. However, the lack of stable and cost-effective electrodes remians a bottleneck that hampers their practical applications. Here, we propose a kind of integrated all-in-one three dimensional (3D) carbon nanowall (CNW) electrodes without sensitized semiconductors for stable all-carbon PEC cell. The all-in-one CNW electrodes were fabricated by directly growing CNW on both sides of the SiO2/Si/SiO2 wafer employing Radio Frequency Plasmon Enhance Chemical Vapor Deposition method. Benefited from the interconnected 3D textured structure, CNW can effectively absorb the incident light, and provide a large electrochemical reaction interface at CNW surface that promotes the separation of photo-generated charge carriers, which makes it a superior electrode material. Experimental results show that the all-in-one CNW electrodes possess excellent PEC performance with photocurrent density of 830 μA/cm2. Moreover, the CNW electrodes exhibit excellent photo responses over a wide waveband and superior stability with maintained photocurrent response even after 60 days, which outperforms the electrodes using the other two-dimensional layered materials or semiconductor sensitized electrodes.
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