Notes

Exome-based exploration in the hereditary basis of human pigmentary glaucoma.
ndard automated perimetry and can therefore produce superior testing reliability.
To describe the clinical features, histopathology, treatment, and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) presenting to a referral centre in India.

Retrospective interventional study.

Of 438 patients, the mean age at presentation was 49years. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was noted in 72 (16%), xeroderma pigmentosum in 22 (5%), hepatitis B virus infection in 14 (3%), and systemic cancer in 8 (2%) patients. Tumor pigmentation was noted in 243 (54%) tumors with a mean percentage of tumor pigmentation of 44% (median, 40%; range, 1 to 100%). Intraocular tumor extension was noted in 12 (3%), and orbital tumor extension in 16 (4%) eyes. Of the 381 treated lesions, excisional biopsy (n = 247; 65%) was the most common treatment modality. Of the 311 lesions with histopathology diagnosis of OSSN, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (n = 92; 30%) was the most common. Over a mean follow-up period of 11months (median, 5months; range, 1 to 108months) in 368 patients, tumor recurrence was noted in 16 (4%) eyes, globe salvage was achieved in 341 (90%) eyes, vision salvage in 338 (89%) eyes, regional lymph node metastasis occurred in 9 (2%), and metastasis-related death in 9 (2%) patients.

Pigmented OSSN is common in Asian Indian population. Appropriate management of OSSN is associated with good vision, globe, and life salvage rates in India.
Pigmented OSSN is common in Asian Indian population. Appropriate management of OSSN is associated with good vision, globe, and life salvage rates in India.
To report the outcomes of phacoemulsification with piggyback intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, with double-in-bag IOLs in the management of angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in nanophthalmic eyes.

This is a retrospective case series on nanophthalmic eyes with variable presentations of ACG. buy Halofuginone Phacoemulsification with double-in-bag IOL implantation was done for the included eyes. Baseline and follow-up corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the number of glaucoma medications were evaluated. Surgical details were extracted, and complications were recorded.

Six eyes of three patients were included. The mean axial length was 17.24 ± 1.02mm. The mean preoperative IOP was 20 ± 2.7mmHg with medical treatment. The mean preoperative CDVA (logMar) was 0.83 ± 0.37 with mean SE 12.7 ± 1.77 diopters. The mean postoperative IOP at 3-month and 1-year follow-ups was 14 ± 5.3mmHg and 15.5 ± 4.1mmHg, respectively. Postoperative CDVA was 0.78 ± 0.41, with mean SE -0.04 ± 2 diopters. No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. One eye developed posterior capsule opacification (PCO), and another eye developed visually insignificant inter-lenticular opacification (ILO).

In the evaluated nanophthalmic eyes with ACG, lens extraction with double-in-bag IOL implantation showed promising results regarding the IOP control as well as the visual and refractive outcomes.
In the evaluated nanophthalmic eyes with ACG, lens extraction with double-in-bag IOL implantation showed promising results regarding the IOP control as well as the visual and refractive outcomes.
To analyze the conjunctival changes, especially goblet cell populations, following Muller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) by histologically evaluating pre and post-MMCR specimens.

This is a retrospective analysis of conjunctival samples sent for histologic evaluation from two patient populations those who had previously undergone a MMCR and required repeat surgery and controls who underwent a MMCR surgery in a previously unoperated eyelid. Specimens underwent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining to accentuate goblet cell identification and were evaluated by two ocular pathologists to quantify goblet cell populations and note other anatomical changes. Statistical analysis of goblet cell populations was then performed.

Four samples were identified for each group (1) post-MMCR and (2) control. The mean age was 67years in the post-MMCR group and 66years in the control group. The mean goblet cell population was 7 ± 5 cells/mm in the post-MMCR conjunctiva and was 39 ± 16 cells/mm in the control group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Samples from both groups demonstrated scarring and inflammatory cell infiltrate.

While there was a relative loss of goblet cell populations in the conjunctiva overlying the region of surgery following MMCR, the lack of dry eye symptoms or changes in tear production reported in prior studies suggests that there may be enough goblet cell population reserve in the remaining accessory lacrimal glands and in the unaltered conjunctiva to provide sufficient lubrication and ocular protection.
While there was a relative loss of goblet cell populations in the conjunctiva overlying the region of surgery following MMCR, the lack of dry eye symptoms or changes in tear production reported in prior studies suggests that there may be enough goblet cell population reserve in the remaining accessory lacrimal glands and in the unaltered conjunctiva to provide sufficient lubrication and ocular protection.
To evaluate differences in the subjective aniseikonia and stereoacuity in patients with axial anisometropia after full correction of the refractive error with spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery.

A prospective study was performed in Cairo University Hospitals on 20 patients with axial anisometropia caused by unilateral myopia > 5 D with > 4 D inter-ocular difference in spherical equivalent who were suitable candidates for excimer laser ablation (LASIK) or implantable collamer lens implantation (ICL). All patients had measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fusion, stereoacuity, and magnitude of aniseikonia with spectacles, contact lenses, and after surgery.

The mean age at time of surgery was 25.7 ± 3.1years. There were no statistically significant differences in the BCVA or stereoacuity with spectacles, contact lenses, or after refractive surgery. Microkonia < 5%) was perceived with spectacles in 8 patients (40%) and remained unchanged in 7 of these 8 patients with contact lenses. Following LASIK (n = 11), there was an induced macrokonia < 2% in 4 patients (36%), persistent microkonia of 3% in 1 patient (9%), and no change in image size in 6 (55%) patients. Following ICL implantation (n = 9), there was a perceived macrokonia of 2% in 4 patients (44%), disappearance of microkonia in 1 patient (11%) and no change in 4 patients (44%).

Differences in BCVA, stereoacuity, and aniseikonia after correction of anisometropia by glasses, contact lens and surgery are both clinically and statistically insignificant. Retinal or neural adaptation might have a role in correction for differences in image size.
Differences in BCVA, stereoacuity, and aniseikonia after correction of anisometropia by glasses, contact lens and surgery are both clinically and statistically insignificant. Retinal or neural adaptation might have a role in correction for differences in image size.
To develop an anomaly detection system in PET/CT with the tracer
F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) that requires only normal PET/CT images for training and can detect abnormal FDG uptake at any location in the chest region.

We trained our model based on a Bayesian deep learning framework using 1878 PET/CT scans with no abnormal findings. Our model learns the distribution of standard uptake values in these normal training images and detects out-of-normal uptake regions. We evaluated this model using 34 scans showing focal abnormal FDG uptake in the chest region. This evaluation dataset includes 28 pulmonary and 17 extrapulmonary abnormal FDG uptake foci. We performed per-voxel and per-slice receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and per-lesion free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Our model showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.992 on discriminating abnormal voxels and 0.852 on abnormal slices. Our model detected 41 of 45 (91.1%) of the abnormal FDG uptake foci with 12.8 false positives per scan (FPs/scan), which include 26 of 28 pulmonary and 15 of 17 extrapulmonary abnormalities. The sensitivity at 3.0FPs/scan was 82.2% (37/45).

Our model trained only with normal PET/CT images successfully detected both pulmonary and extrapulmonary abnormal FDG uptake in the chest region.
Our model trained only with normal PET/CT images successfully detected both pulmonary and extrapulmonary abnormal FDG uptake in the chest region.The adoption of minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques has revolutionised urological practice. This necessitates a pneumoperitoneum (PNP) and the impact the PNP pressure has on post-operative outcomes is uncertain. During the current COVID-19 era guidance has suggested the utilisation of lower PNP pressures to mitigate the risk of intra-operative viral transmission. Review the current literature regarding the impact of pneumoperitoneum pressure, within the field of urology, on post-operative outcomes. A search of the PubMed, Medline and EMBASE databases was undertaken to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines were adhered to. Ten studies, that included both randomised controlled trials and retrospective case series reviews, were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The effect of PNP pressure on outcomes following prostatectomy, live donor nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy and a variety of benign upper tract procedures were discussed. Low pressure PNP appears safe when compared to high pressure PNP, potentially reducing post-operative pain and rates of ileus. When compared to general surgery, there is a lack of quality evidence investigating the impact of PNP pressures on outcomes within urology. Low pressure PNP appears non-inferior to high pressure PNP. More research is required to validate this finding, particularly post-cystectomy and nephrectomy.Protein structures fluctuate in solution; therefore, proteins have multiple stable structures that are slightly different from each other. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of hen egg lysozyme refolded after denaturation at acidic pH (rHEL) and found a structure different from native HEL (nHEL). The different local conformations of the peptide bond between Asp101 and Gly102 found in the crystal structure was supported by the NMR results for nHEL and rHEL. The NMR experiments also showed shifts in the heteronuclear single quantum coherence signals derived from Thr43 and Asp52. The chemical shift change of Asp52 could be explained by the crystal structure of rHEL, showing the conformational change of Tyr53, whose phenol ring directly lies on the main chain of Asp52. The catalytic activity of rHEL was similar to that of nHEL, indicating that the conformational change had little effect on activity. In contrast, conformational changes could be detected by the binding of monoclonal antibodies against HEL.
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