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Hang-up of the Combinatorial Signaling of remodeling Progress Factor-Beta as well as Step Stimulates Myotube Development involving Individual Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Tissue.
Environmental applications and potential risks of iron-based materials have attracted increasing attention. However, most previous studies focused on a single material. Comparative research using different iron-based materials under the same experimental conditions is still lacking. Here, six iron-based materials, including micro-sized and nanoscale Fe3O4 (i.e., mFe3O4 and nFe3O4), bulk and bare nanoscale zero-valent iron (i.e., mZVI and B-nZVI), starch-supported nZVI (S-nZVI), and activated carbon-supported nZVI (A-nZVI), were studied to compare their phytotoxicity in mung bean grown in suspensions with doses of 0, 300, 600 and 1000 mg/L. Taking the four toxicology parameters (seed germination rate, germination index, seedling elongation and biomass) together, the iron-based materials except mFe3O4 generally produced no significant phytotoxicity to mung bean even at 1000 mg/L. nFe3O4 and B-nZVI showed no higher phytotoxicity than their micro-sized counterparts (mFe3O4 and mZVI). All the materials resulted in increased Fe concentrations in seedlings particularly in roots, and mZVI and B-nZVI produced more significant effects. However, the Fe in the roots was difficultly translocated to the shoots. Compared to B-nZVI, nFe3O4 had lower bioavailability and bioaccumulation potential. XRD results confirmed that most Fe3O4 and B-nZVI remained unchanged during seedling growth, while support materials accelerated the corrosion and transformation of S-nZVI and A-nZVI. In conclusion, the tested nanoscale iron-based materials generally possess no obvious phytotoxicity within the dose range, but cause excess Fe accumulation in seedlings. Introduction of support materials may reduce such risk, allowing safer applications of these iron-based materials. Coral reefs are challenged by multiple stressors due to the growing industrialization. Despite that, data on their environment are still scarce, and no research is yet performed on polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Persian Gulf area. Seeking to fill in this gap, the present study aims to determine spatio-vertical distributions, source apportionment and ecological risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sediment cores and seawater samples from ten coral reef Islands in the Persian Gulf, Iran. Σ12PBDEs concentrations ranged from 0.42 ± 0.04 to 47.14 ± 1.35 ng g-1 dw in sediments, and from 1.17 ± 0.06 to 7.21 ± 1.13 ng L-1 in seawater. The vertical polybrominated diphenyl ethers distribution varied significantly among the sampling stations and different depths with a decreasing trend towards the surface and peaks around 12-20 cm. Both in the seawater and sediment samples, elevated polybrominated diphenyl ethers loadings were observed in highly industrialized areas. Deca-bromodiphenyl ether-209 was the predominant congener along the sediment cores, whereas Tetra-bromodiphenyl ether-47 and Penta-bromodiphenyl ether-100 dominated in seawater samples. Commercial Deca-bromodiphenyl ether mixture was found to be the major source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Penta-bromodiphenyl ether was revealed to be the major ecological risk driver in the study area it posed medium to high-risk quotient to sediment dwelling organisms. This study indicated that coral reefs are playing an important role in retaining polybrominated diphenyl ethers and highlighted the need to manage polybrominated diphenyl ethers contamination in the coral reef environment. Heavy metal pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem globally, and cadmium pollution ranks first in the world. Reproduction in insects is affected by cadmium stress in a dose-dependent manner. However, no previous studies have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of cadmium exposure on insect reproduction. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to investigate changes in ovary gene expression in newly emerged female beet army worms. The beet armyworms were reared under 4 cadmium concentrations 0 mg/kg (control), low 0.2 mg/kg (L), medium 12.8 mg/kg (M) and high 51.2 mg/kg (H). Compared with the control (CK), a total of 3453 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in L cadmium stress, including 1791 up-regulated and 1662 down-regulated candidates; in L versus M groups, 982 up-regulated and 658 down-regulated DEGs; and in M versus H groups, 6508 up-regulated and 2000 down-regulated DEGs were identified and the expression patterns of ten genes were verified by q PCR. Many of the identified DEGs were relevant to juvenile hormone and molting hormone biosynthesis, insulin secretion, estrogen signaling, amino acid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis. These data will provide a molecular prospective to understand the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution and are a resource for selecting key genes as targets in gene-editing/silencing technologies for sustainable pest management. A total of 60 snow samples from 16 sites across northeastern China were collected from December 2017 to March 2018. The snow samples were analyzed for pH value, major water-soluble ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and trace elements (Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Fe). The results indicated that snow was slightly alkaline (mean pH value 7.54); Ca2+ and SO42- were the major ions, contributing up to 33.87% and 22.72% of the major ions, respectively; Pb was the dominant element, contributing up to 62.84% of the trace elements. Both the concentration of major ions and trace elements peaked in the middle or later period of the entire snow season. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis indicated that ions (NO3-, NH4+, and Ca2+) and trace elements (Pb, As, Cu, and Zn) were severely enriched by anthropogenic activities. Compared with previous studies, which sampled snow from the high altitude and latitude regions, the concentrations of most of the ions and trace elements in this study were found to be 1-3 and 1-4 orders of magnitude higher, respectively, indicating a threat to human health. Soil contamination by heavy metals is widespread. Heavy metals of concern include As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Serine inhibitor Hyperaccumulating plants are efficient in accumulating metals, which have potential to remediate metal-contaminated soils. Species of closely-related hyperaccumulating plants have been used to screen their ability in metal accumulation. However, there is limited evidence to show that closely-related plant species have similar ability in metal accumulation. Using a global database of 664 hyperaccumulating plants, we constructed a phylogeny of hyperaccumulating plants of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. We evaluated the phylogenetic randomness of plants hyperaccumulating different metals by comparing the minimum number of trait-state changes across the phylogenetic tree to a null model. Based on the D value, we evaluated whether closely-related plants tend to accumulate similar metals. Based on the Blomberg's K and Pagel's λ, we tested whether closely-related plants have similar ability in metal accumulation. Excluding Cd and Pb, closely-related plant species tend to accumulate similar metal, however, its ability cannot be predicted based on phylogenetic relations except Ni. Therefore, we concluded that focusing on species of closely-related hyperaccumulating plants can help to screen new hyperaccumulators although their ability could be different. Published by Elsevier Ltd.The rare earth element (REE) contamination of urban wastewater, which was collected from open sewers and the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant in Cotonou (Benin), was assessed. The drinking water distributed to the inhabitants of Cotonou and water samples from private wells were also analyzed. The sampling occurred between October and December 2016 and the samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. Although the only magnetic resonance imaging facility in Cotonou opened in November 2016, pollution by anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd), which is included in phase contrast agents, was observed there was 30-620 times more Gd in wastewater samples than in drinking and well water samples. Europium was another REE presenting positive anomalies. It is hypothetized than the europium came from the leachates of solid waste piles in the street. In the absence of any wastewater treatment, the REEs found in the wastewater are spread to the aquatic environment. It would be interesting to monitor the wastewater REEs over the long term. So far, the aquifers used for water provision have not been polluted by the anthropogenic REEs. Sedimentary sterols and linear alkylbenzenes associated with allochthonous organic matter (AOM) inputs were studied in surface sediments along the Tubarão riverbed, South Brazil. These markers were analysed in terms of concentrations, diagnostic ratios and by using multivariate analyses to identify the main organic matter sources. It was necessary to integrate all these factors to distinguish the sources and determine sewage contamination. Phytosterols predominated over faecal sterols, but the contributions of livestock waste along the river (determined in 50% of the sites) were confirmed by the fingerprint analysis. Raw sewage contamination was verified at one site, according to the increased levels of sewage molecular markers and confirmed by the multivariate analyses and diagnostic ratios calibrated to this region. A possible synergistic effect between inorganic nanoparticles from coal mine waste and organic contaminants related to AOM input was suggested and should not be ignored since both activities severely contribute to the environmental changes in much of this fluvial-estuarine gradient from the South Atlantic. Iron (Fe) in soil is closely related to cadmium (Cd) uptake by rice plants, and soil pe + pH significantly influences Fe redox behavior. This study aimed to explore the influential mechanisms of varying pe + pH conditions on the transformation of iron oxides in the rhizosphere and the subsequent effect on Cd accumulation in rice plants. A two-month pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil pe + pH on the fractions of iron oxides and formation of iron plaque (IP), as well as the effect of these changes on Cd uptake by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). Different irrigation strategies, 70% water holding capacity (DY), continuous flooding (FL), and alternate flooding/drying weekly (AWD), were used to achieve various soil pe + pH levels. The results showed that low pe + pH conditions (under the FL and AWD treatments) were more beneficial to the transformation of crystalline iron oxides into amorphous forms in rhizosphere soil and the precipitation of IP on rice roots. The increase of amorphous iron oxides resulted in the reduction of Cd availability in rhizosphere soil by immobilizing more Cd on Fe oxides. Moreover, Cd adsorbed on rice root surfaces reacted with IP, inhibiting Cd soil-to-root transport. The two mechanisms combinatively functioned at decreasing Cd concentration in rice shoots by 14.1-33.1% at low pe + pH conditions compared to that of the high pe + pH (DY treatment). These results indicate that lowering soil pe + pH effectively reduced Cd accumulation in rice plants, probably through the immobilization of amorphous Fe oxides on Cd and sequestration of iron-plaque on Cd.
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