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HBV infectivity data were reviewed and the 50% infectious dose (ID50 ) was reassessed in different HBsAg positive infection stages enabling modelling of transfusion-transmitted (TT)-HBV infection risk if HBsAg donor screening was replaced by individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology (ID-NAT). Quantitative HBsAg and HBV-DNA assays were performed against international standards to compare the ratio between potential infectious HBV virions and subviral HBsAg particles in Egyptian HBsAg positive blood donors as well as in Japanese chimpanzee samples of known infectivity. HBV-DNA load below the quantification limit of detection was estimated against a reference standard by replicate NAT testing (n = 25). Infectivity of chimpanzee samples collected during ramp-up and declining viremic phase were tested in a human liver chimeric mice (HLCM) model and compared with published infectivity data from different HBsAg positive infection stages. Lowest estimates of ID50 in HBsAg positive plasma were 3-6 HBV virions in chimpanzee studies. Infectivity decreased approximately 10-100-fold in the declining viremic phase using HLCM. In acute-phase samples, HBV to HBsAg particle ratios varied between 1102 -104 but in HBsAg positive blood donors this particle ratio reached 1106 -1012 when viral load was below 100 HBV-DNA copies/ml. Modelled TT-HBV risk of an HBsAg positive/ID-NAT nonreactive blood transfusion was estimated at 9%-46% for components containing 20-200 ml of plasma assuming an ID50 of 316 (point estimate between 100 and 1000) virions. In the Egyptian setting, discontinuation of HBsAg donor screening and reliance on ID-NAT alone seems to be unsafe.
Research is a cornerstone of evidence-based dietetic practice. Research skills are often taught at university through experiential learning during a final-year research project. The present study aimed to investigate attitudes towards research and confidence in research skills among student dietitians before and after a research project.

A questionnaire survey of student dietitians' attitudes to research and confidence in research skills was undertaken before and after completing a research project at two universities in London, UK. Dichotomous data were compared before and after the research project using a McNemar's test. Factors associated with 'high confidence' or 'improved confidence' in overall research skills at the end of the research project were investigated using multivariable logistic regression.

In total, 160 student dietitians completed a questionnaire before and after their research project. The majority had positive attitudes to research both before and after their research project. Therdence in research skills.
This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of soft tissue augmentation procedures for complete coverage and mean coverage of buccal soft tissue dehiscence (BSTD) in patients with implant-supported restorations.

Three databases were surveyed for randomized (RCTs), non-randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series with a minimum of five patients per control or test group. Studies dealing with soft tissue augmentation procedures to cover BSTD-occurring during implant function and not due to the result of peri-implantitis-were included. Risk of bias was evaluated with RoB 2 or the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment. Whenever possible, exploratory meta-analyses were performed to evaluate weighted mean effects (WME) for the different outcomes. The primary outcomes were the percentage of complete coverage and mean coverage of BSTD.

Seven articles were included. Only one study was a RCT, with a high risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed that after 1year (2 studies, n=36 patients; WME=70; 95% confidence interval [CI]=50; 90; p=.23) as well as after 5years (3studies, n=54 patients; WME=70; 95%; CI=60; 80; p=.44), complete coverage of BSTD could be achieved in 70% of the cases.

Based on limited evidence, it can be concluded that BSTD can be substantially reduced with the use of soft tissue augmentation procedures. Further research with comparative trials using larger samples and longer follow-up periods is needed to study the stability of soft tissues in the long term.
Based on limited evidence, it can be concluded that BSTD can be substantially reduced with the use of soft tissue augmentation procedures. Further research with comparative trials using larger samples and longer follow-up periods is needed to study the stability of soft tissues in the long term.Cocrystallizations of diboronic acids [1,3-benzenediboronic acid (1,3-bdba), 1,4-benzenediboronic acid (1,4-bdba) and 4,4'-biphenyldiboronic acid (4,4'-bphdba)] and bipyridines [1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpeta)] generated the hydrogen-bonded 1  2 cocrystals [(1,4-bdba)(bpe)2 ] (1), [(1,4-bdba)(bpeta)2 ] (2), [(1,3-bdba)(bpe)2 (H2 O)2 ] (3) and [(1,3-bdba)(bpeta)2 (H2 O)] (4), wherein 1,3-bdba involved hydrated assemblies. The linear extended 4,4'-bphdba exhibited the formation of 1  1 cocrystals [(4,4'-bphdba)(bpe)] (5) and [(4,4'-bphdba-me)(bpeta)] (6). For 6, a hemiester was generated by an in-situ linker transformation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed all structures to be sustained by B(O)-H⋅⋅⋅N, B(O)-H⋅⋅⋅O, Ow -H⋅⋅⋅O, Ow -H⋅⋅⋅N, C-H⋅⋅⋅O, C-H⋅⋅⋅N, π⋅⋅⋅π, and C-H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The cocrystals comprise 1D, 2D, and 3D hydrogen-bonded frameworks with components that display reactivities upon cocrystal formation and within the solids. In 1 and 3, the C=C bonds of the bpe molecules undergo a [2+2] photodimerization. Zeocin UV radiation of each compound resulted in quantitative conversion of bpe into cyclobutane tpcb. The reactivity involving 1 occurred via 1D-to-2D single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation. Our work supports the feasibility of the diboronic acids as formidable structural and reactivity building blocks for cocrystal construction.In typical adult neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) with predilection for the basal ganglia or cerebral cortex, not only neurons but also glial cells harbor intranuclear inclusions. In addition, these inclusions are present in the peripheral autonomic nervous system, visceral organs and skin. In NIID cases with an expansion of GGC repeats in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the Notch 2 N-terminal like C (NOTCH2NLC) gene, these repeats are located in an upstream open reading frame (uN2C) and result in the production of a polyglycine-containing protein called uN2CpolyG. Typically, patients with adult NIID show high-intensity signals at the corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. We report a case of adult NIID in a 78-year-old Japanese male, who suffered from mild, non-progressive tremor during life but showed no radiographic abnormalities suggestive of adult NIID. Pathologically, ubiquitin-, p62- and uN2CpolyG-positive neuronal intranuclear inclusions were particularly frequent in the hippocampal formation, but were also seen in the enteric plexuses, kidney and cardiac muscles. By contrast, glial intranuclear inclusions were barely evident in the affected regions. The present case also had an immunohistochemical profile differing from that of typical adult NIID. The findings in this case suggest that adult NIID can show clinical, radiographic and pathological heterogeneity.Brain-state-dependent stimulation during slow-wave sleep is a promising tool for the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. A widely used slow-wave prediction algorithm required for brain-state-dependent stimulation is based on a specific amplitude threshold in the electroencephalogram. However, due to decreased slow-wave amplitudes in aging and psychiatric conditions, this approach might miss many slow-waves because they do not fulfill the amplitude criterion. Here, we compared slow-wave peaks predicted via an amplitude-based versus a multidimensional approach using a topographical template of slow-wave peaks in 21 young and 21 older healthy adults. We validate predictions against the gold-standard of offline detected peaks. Multidimensionally predicted peaks resemble the gold-standard regarding spatiotemporal dynamics but exhibit lower peak amplitudes. Amplitude-based prediction, by contrast, is less sensitive, less precise and - especially in the older group - predicts peaks that differ from the gold-standard regarding spatiotemporal dynamics. Our results suggest that amplitude-based slow-wave peak prediction might not always be the ideal choice. This is particularly the case in populations with reduced slow-wave amplitudes, like older adults or psychiatric patients. We recommend the use of multidimensional prediction, especially in studies targeted at populations other than young and healthy individuals.
The development of systemic treatment options leveraging the molecular landscape of advanced thyroid cancer is a burgeoning field. This is a multidisciplinary evidence-based statement on the definition of advanced thyroid cancer and its targeted systemic treatment.

An expert panel was assembled, a literature review was conducted, and best practice statements were developed. The modified Delphi method was applied to assess the degree of consensus for the statements developed by the author panel.

A review of the current understanding of thyroid oncogenesis at a molecular level is presented and characteristics of advanced thyroid cancer are defined. Twenty statements in topics including the multidisciplinary management, molecular evaluation, and targeted systemic treatment of advanced thyroid cancer are provided.

With the growth in targeted treatment options for thyroid cancer, a consensus definition of advanced disease and statements regarding the utility of molecular testing and available targeted systemic therapy is warranted.
With the growth in targeted treatment options for thyroid cancer, a consensus definition of advanced disease and statements regarding the utility of molecular testing and available targeted systemic therapy is warranted.
Several inflammatory dermatoses, including dermatomyositis (DM), may present as erythematous papules or plaques on the dorsal aspects of the hands over the joints. Limited skin involvement in these entities may pose a diagnostic challenge. (Video)dermoscopy is being utilized more frequently to aid in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory skin conditions.

To describe the dermoscopic findings in Gottron's papules and compare them with dermoscopic features of other dermatoses involving the dorsal aspects of the hands.

Videodermoscopic images from patients presenting with erythematous papules or plaques on the dorsal surface of the hands were retrospectively analysed for the presence of standardized dermoscopic parameters.

Dermoscopic images from patients with DM (n = 12), psoriasis (n = 19), chronic dermatitis (n = 16), mycosis fungoides (n = 7), lichen planus (n = 5) and pityriasis rubra pilaris (n = 3) were included. Gottron's papules were characterized by pleomorphic vessels (dotted vessels accompanied by thick or thin linear vessels with branches or linear curved vessels) in 66.
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