Notes

Evaluations regarding exercising along with comprehension of the significance of workout according to dialysis technique within upkeep dialysis sufferers.
If necessary, we will also contact authors for additional information. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool will be used. If feasible, it means homogenous data, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses will be conducted for different justifications for placebo use and for studies sponsored/not sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry.

Our present findings will indicate the effects of placebo use as comparator regarding efficacy and safety of the oral synthetic medicines.

This systematic review will identify, summarize, and analyze if there is a trend for positive efficacy and safety results for synthetic medicines in clinical trials when compared with placebo and if the justification for placebo use is considered ethically acceptable.

PROSPERO CRD42018110829.
PROSPERO CRD42018110829.
Malignant cutaneous epithelial tumors comprise various skin malignancies originating from the cutaneous epithelium, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors. Treatment options are limited, as the rarity of these tumors, especially among Asians, renders well-controlled clinical trials extremely challenging to conduct. Thus, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody nivolumab in patients with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and other rare metastatic cutaneous epithelial tumors.

This is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial involving patients with metastatic malignant cutaneous epithelial tumors. Nivolumab (480 mg) will be administered intravenously every 4 weeks for a maximum of 26 doses. The primary outcome of the study will be the response rate based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, version 1.1. Assuming a null hypothesis of a response rate ≤5% and an alternative hypothesis of a 25% response rate, a minimum of 26 patients are required to achieve a 5% two-sided type I error and 80% power based on the exact binomial distribution. Finally, a target cohort size of 30 patients was determined as some patient dropout will be expected.

This is the first phase 2 clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab in Asian patients with metastatic malignant cutaneous epithelial tumors. The findings of the study will contribute to the development of novel treatment approaches for patients with rare cutaneous malignancies, which remains an unmet clinical need.

Registry number jRCT 2031190048.
Registry number jRCT 2031190048.The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients.This study enrolled six immunocompetent patients diagnosed with CNS aspergillosis. Additionally, we reviewed the clinical profiles for 28 cases reported in the literature. The age, gender, etiology of Aspergillus infection, clinical manifestations, location of the lesion, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed.There were 19 men (average age, 54.6 ± 14.3 years) and 15 women (average age, 47.0 ± 19.4 years). The clinical manifestations included headache (55.9%; n = 19), visual impairment (32.4%; n = 11), diplopia (32.4%; n = 11), hemiplegia (20.6%; n = 7), fever (17.6%; n = 6), and epilepsy (8.8%; n = 3). According to the radiological features, CNS aspergillosis lesions were divided into two subtypes parenchymal lesions in the cerebral lobes (n = 11), and meningeal lesions in the meninges (n = 23). The patients with meningeal lesions are easy to be complicated with moreeration sequencing are mainstream diagnostic modalities. Voriconazole is an effective treatment for Aspergillus infection, and early diagnosis and treatment should be highlighted.
Using mobile phones for communication in emergency departments is a common practice; however, several studies have demonstrated that they may act as vectors for bacteria and viruses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of plastic wrapping in decreasing bacterial contamination on mobile phone surfaces.

We used culture dishes and a luminometer to detect bacterial colonies and contamination on the phone surfaces.

Our experiment showed that bacterial colonies exist on mobile phones before and after work. #link# We found that wiping with 75% alcohol sanitizers effectively reduces the number of colonies on either a mobile phone or a temporary plastic covering. link2 In addition, we found that bacterial colonies do not contaminate or adhere to plastic wrap any easier than to mobile phones.

These results demonstrated the effectiveness of plastic wrap for protecting mobile phone surfaces against bacterial colonization. In addition, applying a layer of plastic wrap protects the phone from potential damage due to the alcohol.
These results demonstrated the effectiveness of plastic wrap for protecting mobile phone surfaces against bacterial colonization. In addition, applying a layer of plastic wrap protects the phone from potential damage due to the alcohol.To analyze the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in primiparous parturient.Cross-sectional study conducted in a municipality of the Brazilian Western Amazon from July 2014 to December 2015. A convenience sample of 461 first-time pregnant women were interviewed. Data on their sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric, personal habits and nutritional status were collected. Anemia and iron depletion were measured by peripheral blood collection with hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation index. To test the association between the variables, the χ tests were applied and Poisson regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was performed, and P  less then  .05 values were considered significant. The Forward stepwise strategy was used to construct the adjusted model. These analyzes were performed using the STATA 14.0 program (College Station, TX, 2013).A higher risk of anemia was identified among adolescent; white; who had a partner; with unpaid occupation, with less than eight years of formal education. Residents in the countryside; smokers; who had more than six prenatal consultations and were overweight.Anemia was reported in 28.20% and iron depletion in 60.52% of parturient women. The variables studied did not have association with the anemia outcome, except alcohol consumption.Coupled with the lowest level of social connectedness, South Korea has the highest suicide rate among the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Reparixin manufacturer between community and suicide is social capital imprinted in social connectedness. This study explores whether social capital is protective against suicide ideation in relation to the poverty level of communities, and whether the associations are specific to certain elements of social capital.A total of 908 participants were included to assess cross-sectional association of social capital at individual level with suicide ideation by comparing between poor (government-leased apartments) and non-poor communities (nongovernment-leased apartments). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine various social capital dimensions in relation to suicide ideation.Suicide ideation was far higher among those living in the poor communities (poor communities 12%; non poor communities 6.3%) and the level of social capital was lower in the poor communities. Nevertheless, the protective effect of social capital, in particular, the cognitive dimension against suicide ideation was demonstrated only in the poor communities (eg, odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.58 for trust in the poor communities). Low income was significantly associated with suicide ideation only in the poor communities, but depression and resilience were associated with suicide ideation both in the poor and non-poor communities.To increase the reliability of the results, established measures based on relevant literature were utilized, but measures on bridging social capital and social network might have relatively low reliability.As to protection against suicide ideation, the extent of reliance on social capital was higher in poor communities than in non-poor communities, in particular, the cognitive dimension was likely to activate in this regard.This study was to investigate clinical features and prognosis of duplex primary malignant neoplasms involving chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-DPMNs). Clinical data of thirteen CML-DPMN patients who were admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University from May 2008 to December 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Female patients (9/13) were predominant in this cohort study. Nine patients were metachronous DPMNs (metachronous duplex primary malignant neoplasms involving chronic myeloid leukemia) with 5 years median interval time from primary malignancy to secondary malignancy. The other 4 patients were diagnosed as synchronous CML-DPMNs. Seven of the metachronous duplex primary malignant neoplasms involving chronic myeloid leukemia suffered from CML following many years of comprehensive anti-cancer therapy. Two of CML-MDPMN patients had invasive ductal carcinoma of breast after many years of treatment with imatinib. There was no difference between treatment-related CML group and non-treatment-related CML group in regard as the gender, age, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelet count, and risk level. The median overall survival time of these thirteen patients with CML-DPMNs was not reached. In conclusion, female patients are more likely to suffer from the CML-DPMNs in the present article. Overall survival time of patients with DPMNs involving CML could be promising if timely and effective treatment therapy is adopted.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia has become increasingly prevalent. As a treatment of IBD, many immunomodulators and biological agents were introduced and shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission. However, many cases with treatment failure were reported. To overcome the failure, combination therapy of immunomodulatory and biologics have emerged, showing better outcomes by optimizing biologic pharmacokinetics and minimizing immunogenicity. Adversely, rates of tuberculosis (TB) have been increased as a result. The aim of this study is to compare the risk of TB according to the therapy using large population data.We used data from the South Korean Health Insurance and Review Agency over the period 2008-2016 and calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for TB in IBD. We compared the risk of TB according to the medication infliximab only, azathioprine only (AZA), combination of azathioprine and infliximab (CAI), azathioprine monotherapy and infliximab monotherapy (AIM), and azathioprine and infliximab whether simultaneously or separately (AISS).In IBD patients, a total of 249 patients were identified as active TB. link3 After one-to-one matching with age, sex and disease duration, the risks of TB were significantly higher in AZA group (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.35-3.12, P  less then  .001), AIM group (HR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.18-9.05, P = .02), AISS group (HR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.92-6.37, P  less then  .001), and CAI group (HR, 5.67; 95% CI, 2.42-10.21, P  less then  .001), and the HR increased gradually in this order. In UC patients, the results were in similar pattern, but this pattern was not observed in CD patients in our study.Our study shows that Korean IBD patients are at risk of TB, and the risk increases with usage of IBD medication; moreover, the risk is the highest if combination therapy is used. These results highlight the importance of screening for TB in IBD patients, especially in combination therapy.
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