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061) and no change in depression. In EEG analysis, the active group showed significantly increased relative power for theta in the left frontal region compared with the sham, and this significantly correlated with the changes in state-anxiety. The active group exhibited significantly increased high-beta source activity in cuneus and middle occipital gyrus after intervention compared with the baseline.

This study had a relatively short treatment period and small sample size.

Our findings provide the first electrophysiological evidence for CES for novel in-ear electrodes to improve anxiety. The modulatory effects of CES on resting-state oscillations of EEG imply that CES could beneficially affect functional brain activity.
Our findings provide the first electrophysiological evidence for CES for novel in-ear electrodes to improve anxiety. The modulatory effects of CES on resting-state oscillations of EEG imply that CES could beneficially affect functional brain activity.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are commonly occurring conditions, either alone or together (MDD-SAD). Recent research linked insecure attachment and alexithymia to MDD and/or SAD, indicating that the way affected individuals relate interpersonally and their ability to identify and communicate emotions are pertinent issues. The current study investigated the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between insecure attachment and severity of MDD and SAD symptoms.

Using the SCID-I, participants (N=159) were identified as MDD-only (n=43), MDD-SAD (n=56), or a healthy control (n=60). Participants completed measures of adult attachment, depression, social anxiety and alexithymia (defined as difficulty identifying and describing feelings). A two-step mediation analysis approach recommended by Shrout and Bolger determined if alexithymia mediates the relationship between attachment-depression and attachment-social anxiety.

While alexithymia was high in MDD-only and MD prevention strategies.
We investigated factors associated with vulnerability to the psychological impact of celebrity suicide news reporting after the suicide of an emerging Taiwanese novelist, Ms Yi-Han Lin.

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey. Participants completed a questionnaire which asked whether they were affected by the media coverage of Lin's suicide and whether they would seek help if affected. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with being affected by the celebrity suicide media reporting and, among those affected, factors associated with feeling suicidal or not seeking help.

A total of 1258 respondents (81% females) completed the survey. Affected individuals (n=907; 70%) were more likely to be females, younger (age < 40 years), have past psychiatric treatment, and show increased interest in the incident (e.g., spending more time on reading the celebrity suicide news) than non-affected individuals. Among those affected, negative views of the media reporting impact, pessimistic auicide prevention literacy may increase the risk of psychological impact and not seeking help. Future interventions could target at enhancing mental health literacy and help seeking intention in vulnerable individuals.
The reasons for the shorter life expectancy of people with depression may vary by age. We quantified the contributions of specific causes of death by age to the life-expectancy gap in four European countries.

Using register-based cohort data, we calculated annual mortality rates in between 1993 and 2007 for psychiatric inpatients with depression identified from hospital-care registers in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, and between 2000 and 2007 for antidepressant-treated outpatients identified from medication registers in Finland and Turin, Italy. We decomposed the life-expectancy gap at age 15 years by age and cause of death.

The life-expectancy gap was especially large for psychiatric inpatients (12.1 to 21.0 years) but substantial also for antidepressant-treated outpatients (6.3 to 14.2 years). Among psychiatric inpatients, the gap was largely attributable to unnatural deaths below age 55 years. The overall contribution was largest for suicide in Sweden (43 to 45%) and Finland (37 to 40%). In Denmark, 'tors may increase life expectancy for antidepressant-treated outpatients, especially women.
Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is beneficial for late-life depression (LLD). The main purpose of this study was to estimate the associations between LTPA parameters (intensity, duration, frequency) and LLD.

Through the 2018 Women Health Needs Survey, data on 1,892 women aged 55-70 in Hunan, China, were studied. Depression was measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Self-reported LTPA parameters were collected. Binary logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (OR) for LTPA for predicting depression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the effect of missing values.

Moderate LTPA volume (OR=0.582, p=0.027, 95% CI [0.360-0.941] for 150-299min/week and OR=0.392, p=0.002, 95% CI [0.215-0.714] for ≥300min/week) was associated with reduced depression, while vigorous LTPA could increase the risk (OR=2.414, p=0.029, 95% CI [1.095-5.325] for <75min/week and OR=3.824, p=0.007, 95% CI [1.439-10.158] for ≥75min/week). CP-690550 Frequent (6-7 days/week), moderate LTPA had a lower risk (OR=0.570, p=0.021, 95% CI [0.353-0.918]), while frequent (≥3 days/week), vigorous LTPA increased the risk (OR=5.103, p=0.001, 95% CI [1.977-13.172]). The adjusted relationship between the duration and depression was not observed. link2 The results were supported by the sensitivity analysis based on missing value replacement.

In this cross-sectional study, LTPA data were self-reported and no data on light LTPA were collected.

Moderate LTPA, associated with mental health benefits, should be recommended for older women instead of vigorous LTPA.
Moderate LTPA, associated with mental health benefits, should be recommended for older women instead of vigorous LTPA.
Network analyses have been applied to understand the relationships between individual symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, little is known about which symptoms are most strongly associated with "positive" indicators of mental health, such as happiness. Furthermore, few studies have examined symptom networks in participants from low- and middle-income countries.

To address these gaps, we applied network analyses in a sample of Indian adolescents (Study 1; n=1080) and replicated these analyses in a pre-registered study with Kenyan adolescents (Study 2; n=2176). Participants from both samples completed the same measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and happiness.

Feeling sad and feeling like a failure had the strongest (negative) associations with happiness items. These two symptoms, as well as worrying and feeling nervous, had the strongest associations with other symptoms of depression and anxiety. Symptoms of depression and anxiety formed a single cluster, which was distinct from a indicators, like happiness, could have theoretical and practical implications for clinical psychological science.
Childhood abuse survivors are at risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Research has indicated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and dissociation are related to elevated suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB) among this population. At the same time, although the theoretical and clinical literature in the trauma field have suggested that survivors' pathological attachment to their perpetrators, known as identification with the aggressor, might explain SIB, this supposition has not been investigated to date.

Filling this gap, this study explored the associations between identification with the aggressor, PTSD symptoms, dissociation, and SIB among 589 adult survivors of childhood abuse.

Identification with the aggressor, PTSD symptoms, and dissociation were related to elevated levels in suicidal ideation and behavior. Furthermore, profile type (namely, having high versus medium or low levels of identification with the aggressor, PTSD symptoms, and dissociation) was implicated in participants' SIB Participants who adhered to a profile characterized by high levels of identification with the aggressor, PTSD symptoms, and dissociation had higher levels of suicide risk and suicidal ideation, as well as higher odds of reporting a history of suicide attempts, compared to participants who adhered to the other two profiles (i.e., characterized by medium or low levels of identification with the aggressor, PTSD symptoms, and dissociation).

This study relied on convenience sampling and a cross-sectional design.

Identification with the aggressor might serve, alongside PTSD symptoms and dissociation, as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior among childhood abuse survivors.
Identification with the aggressor might serve, alongside PTSD symptoms and dissociation, as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior among childhood abuse survivors.
The ability to effectively regulate one's emotions has been established as an important transdiagnostic mechanism in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. link3 To date, much of the research on emotion regulation (ER) has been conducted in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) samples. Specifically, there is a dearth of cross-cultural construct equivalence studies on measures of ER. Establishing measurement equivalence is an important first step to facilitate future research on ER in culturally diverse samples.

The present study sought to validate the latent structures of three commonly used ER measures the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS-10), and Acceptance subscale of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-AS). Measurement equivalence was examined across 123 American and 121 Indian participants (M
 = 36.60) and across gender.

Cross-cultural confirmatory factor analyses revealed configural equivalence (i.e., same factor structures) in both cultural groups across all three measures. The RRS-10 met weak invariance across cultures; however, factor loadings were not equal across the two samples for all items on the ERQ or FFMQ-AS. Consequently, a partial invariance solution was identified, and all measures subsequently met criteria for Level 2 strict cross-cultural invariance. Across gender, full invariance was found on all measures except the FFMQ-AS.

Findings suggest that the structure of ER processes is largely invariant across these two cultural groups, with a few notable exceptions, pointing to the importance of continued work in this area.
Findings suggest that the structure of ER processes is largely invariant across these two cultural groups, with a few notable exceptions, pointing to the importance of continued work in this area.
The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA; N
=2981) is an ongoing longitudinal, multi-site, naturalistic, cohort study examining the etiology, course, and consequences of depression and anxiety. In this article we synthesize and evaluate fifteen years of NESDA research on prominent psychological risk factors for the onset, persistence, recurrence, and comorbidity of affective disorders.

A narrative review of 62 NESDA articles examining the specificity and predictive value of neuroticism, behavioral inhibition, repetitive negative thinking, experiential avoidance, cognitive reactivity, locus of control, (implicit) self-esteem, (implicit) disorder-specific self-associations, and attentional bias for the course of affective disorders.

All self-reported risk factors showed cross-sectional relationships with singular and comorbid affective disorders, and prospective relationships with the development and chronicity of depression and anxiety disorders. High neuroticism, low self-esteem, and negative repetitive thinking showed most prominent transdiagnostic relationships, whereas cognitive reactivity showed most pronounced depression-specific associations.
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