Notes

Morinagadepsin, the Depsipeptide from the Fungus infection Morinagamyces vermicularis gen. avec comb. nov.
In the same way, the potential exposition health risk to the users were calculated in accordance to the Environmental Protection Agency of United States on those commuters grouped as students and workers. This analysis shown that the xylenes are the most representative organic pollutant in this particulate indoor spaces, and is the one with potential to generate a greater risk to the health of the bus-users, this without demising the potential danger of other pollutants.Deciphering the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in lung cancer cells may help us to better understand the role of toxic AhR ligands in lung carcinogenesis, including cancer progression. We employed human lung carcinoma A549 cells to investigate their fate after continuous two-week exposure to model AhR agonists, genotoxic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; 1 μM) and non-genotoxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 10 nM). While TCDD increased proliferative rate of A549 cells, exposure to BaP decreased cell proliferation and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype, which was associated with enhanced cell migration, invasion, and altered cell morphology. Although TCDD also suppressed expression of E-cadherin and activated some genes linked to EMT, it did not induce the EMT-like phenotype. The results of transcriptomic analysis, and the opposite effects of BaP and TCDD on cell proliferation, indicated that a delay in cell cycle progression, together with a slight increase of senescence (when coupled with AhR activation), favors the induction of EMT-like phenotype. The shift towards EMT-like phenotype observed after simultaneous treatment with TCDD and mitomycin C (an inhibitor of cell proliferation) confirmed the hypothesis. Since BaP decreased cell proliferative rate via induction of p21 expression, we generated the A549 cell model with reduced p21 expression and exposed it to BaP for two weeks. The p21 knockdown suppressed the BaP-mediated EMT-like phenotype in A549 cells, thus confirming that a delayed cell cycle progression, together with p21-dependent induction of senescence-related chemokine CCL2, may contribute to induction of EMT-like cell phenotype in lung cells exposed to genotoxic AhR ligands.Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent industrial pollutants that have been linked to breast cancer progression. However, their molecular mechanism(s) are currently unclear. Our previous assessment suggested that the highly reactive PCB metabolite 2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-[1,4]-benzoquinone (PCB29-pQ) induces the metastasis of breast cancer. Here, our data illustrate that PCB29-pQ increases cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression, resulting in an increase in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells; further, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway also becomes activated by PCB29-pQ. When the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is inhibited, the promotion of CSC properties and EMT by PCB29-pQ were accordingly reversed. In addition, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by PCB29-pQ plays a key role in Wnt/β-catenin activation. Collectively, our current data designated the regulatory role of Wnt/β-catenin in PCB29-pQ-triggered acquisition of CSC properties and EMT.In this study, oxidants and nanomaterials were used to improve titanium dioxide based photocatalytic degradation of sulfolane. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium persulfate (SPS) and ozone (O3) were the oxidants studied and carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanosized zero valent iron (nZVI) were used as the nanomaterials. The impact of these oxidants and nanomaterials was evaluated at various dosages in both Milli-Q water and groundwater. The results indicate that with a suitable dose of oxidants or nanomaterials, photocatalytic degradation of sulfolane in Milli-Q water can be enhanced. Selleck TL12-186 The addition of ozone contributed to a significant increase in sulfolane degradation rate in Milli-Q water. The experiments conducted in groundwater showed that oxidants (H2O2, SPS and O3) increased the degradation of sulfolane while the nanomaterials (CNT and nZVI) impeded sulfolane degradation in groundwater.An easily separation composite, magnetic chitosan@bismuth tungstate coated by silver (MCTS-Ag/Bi2WO6), was successfully synthesized by the simple hydrothermal method. Moreover, the MCTS-Ag/Bi2WO6 demonstrated excellent adsorption/photocatalytic removal of Cu(II) in aqueous solution. Adsorption played a leading role in the synergistic reaction. The catalysts were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects on adsorption of Cu(II) were investigated, which included illumination, pH, and initial concentration. The experimental results showed that the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) (181.8 mg/g) was achieved under simulated solar light irradiation with the optimal pH value of 6.0, indicating that illumination could enhance the adsorption of Cu(II) by MCTS-Ag/Bi2WO6. Meanwhile, the composite exhibited desirable adsorption ability of Cu(II) after 5 cycles. The copper ion adsorption fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and its isotherm followed Freundlich model.Application of peracetic acid (PAA) in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) has seen an increase in the last few years. In this study, PAA/UVC-LED/transition metal was used to degrade acetaminophen (ACT) in an aqueous solution. Amongst tested transition metals (Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Ag), Fe(II) demonstrated the highest efficiency. The effect of pH, PAA dosage, initial concentration of ACT and Fe(II) concentration was investigated on ACT removal. More than 95% removal efficiency was obtained in 30 min employing pH = 5.0, PAA 4 mM and 0.5 mM Fe(II) (kapp = 0.0993 min-1). Scavenging experiments highlighted the contribution of oxygen-centered radicals; however, the dominant mechanism is hydroxyl radical-induced, while the superoxide radicals had a negligible role. The effect of anions in water showed that carbonate, (dihydrogen) phosphate and nitrite ions had a strong inhibitory effect, while a neutral effect was observed by sulfate, nitrate and chloride ions. Seven intermediates of ACT oxidation were determined and the ACT degradation pathway by the PAA/UVC-LED/Fe(II) is presented. The efficacy of the PAA/UVC-LED/Fe(II) process was also verified for the degradation of other contaminants of emerging concern and disinfection of fecal indicator microorganisms in real matrix (secondary WW). In conclusion, the studied PAA/UVC-LED/Fe(II) process opens a new perspective as a promising application of advanced oxidation for the degradation of organic pollutants.Untreated pharmaceutical pollution and their possibly toxic metabolites, resulting from overloaded wastewater treatment processes, end up in aquatic environments and are hazardous to the ecosystem homeostasis. Biological wastewater remediation could supplement traditional methods and overcome the release of these biologically active compounds in the environment. Mycoremediation is especially promising due to the unspecific nature of fungi to decompose compounds through exoenzymes and the uptake of compounds as nutrients. In the present study, we improved on the previous advances made using the fungus Mucor hiemalis to remediate one of the most commonly occurring pharmaceuticals, acetaminophen (APAP), at higher concentrations. The limitation of nitrogen, adjustment of pH, and comparison to, as well as co-cultivation with the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, were tested. Nitrogen limitation did not significantly improve the APAP remediation efficiency of M. hiemalis. Maintaining the pH of the media improved the remediation restraint of 24 h previously observed. The APAP remediation efficiency of P. chrysosporium was far superior to that of M. hiemalis, and co-cultivation of the two resulted in a decreased remediation efficiency compared to P. chrysosporium in single.In recent years, the concept of nutrient removal/recovery has been applied as a sustainable solution to develop and design various modern wastewater treatment technologies for recovering nutrients from waste streams and is one of the high-priority research areas. Forward osmosis (FO) technology has received increasing interests as a potential low-fouling membrane process and a new approach to remove/recover nutrients from wastewater and sludge. The main objective of this review is to summarize the state of FO technology for nutrient removal/recovery from wastewater and sludge in order to identify areas of future improvements. In this study, nutrient removal processes, FO membrane technology, main factors affecting the FO process performance, the source water for nutrient recovery, the previous studies on the FO membrane process for nutrient removal/recovery from wastewater and sludge, membrane fouling, and recent advances in FO membranes for nutrient removal/recovery were briefly and critically reviewed. Then, the proposed possible designs to apply FO process in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were theoretically presented. Finally, based on the gaps identified in the area, challenges ahead, future perspectives, and conclusions were discussed. Further investigations on the properties of FO associated with real wastewater, wastewater pre-treatment, the long-term low fouling operation, membrane cleaning strategies, water flux and the economic feasibility of the FO process are still desirable to apply FO technology for nutrient removal/recovery at full-scale (decentralized or centralized) in the future.Anthracene is a low molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) being identified as a precedence toxic contaminant in the ecosystem. Thus, the present work was designed to evaluate anthracene biodegradation efficiency by selected marine bacteria. From the marine isolates, the most effective anthracene biodegrading strain was identified as Sphingomonas sp., KSU05. Time course batch growth results indicated that the isolate KSU05 was capable of surviving up to 500 mg/L of anthracene. The influence of various nutrient sources were screened for enhanced growth and pyrene degradation, based on results glucose and tween-80 were used for further optimization studies. Batch experimental analysis showed maximum biodegradation (70.5%) of anthracene (50 mg/L) with enhanced survival of Sphingomonas sp. KSU05 was observed at 96 h of cultivation. Box-Behnken design optimization results showed that the culture conditions enhanced the anthracene biodegradation (90.0%) at pH 7.0, 0.3 mM of tween-80 concentration, and 5.5% of glucose concentration. In addition, the isolate Sphingomonas sp. KSU05 was found to rapidly degrade anthracene within 96 h. The anthracene intermediates was analyzed using Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). Overall, this research shown that the Sphingomonas sp., cultivated with suggested optimum conditions could provide an effective prospective for the degradation of anthracene from contaminated environment.Daily temperature variation (DTV) is an important warming-related stressor that may magnify pesticide toxicity. Yet, it is unknown whether the pesticide impact under DTV is partly ameliorated by a faster pesticide degradation caused by cyclically higher temperatures under DTV. As synergisms may be more likely under energy-limiting conditions, the impact of the pesticide chlorpyrifos was tested under DTV on the mosquito Culex pipiens in the absence and presence of interspecific competition with the water flea Daphnia magna. Chlorpyrifos exposure at a constant temperature without interspecific competition caused considerable mortality, decreased development time, and increased pupal mass of C. pipiens. Competition with D. magna had negative sublethal effects, but it did not affect the toxicity of chlorpyrifos. In contrast, the presence of C. pipiens decreased the impact of chlorpyrifos on D. magna probably due to corporal absorption of chlorpyrifos by C. pipiens. A key finding was that chlorpyrifos no longer caused lethal effects on C.
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