Notes

A Review of Riemann Solvers for Hypersonic Runs.
Internal medicine residents' professional development preferences were discordant with their perceptions of cardiology in a survey circulated a decade ago; no contemporary data exist. This information is important for effective recruitment and retention of a highly talented and diverse future cardiology workforce.

To identify residents' professional development preferences and cardiology perceptions, in relation to specialty choice, and compare the findings with those from a decade prior.

The original survey from the 2010 study was updated and sent to US internal medicine programs. Respondents (ie, internal medicine residents) rated 38 professional development preferences and 20 cardiology perceptions. Data were collected in 2020 and compared with survey results from the prior 2010 study. Multivariable models were created for specialty choice using scaled independent variables dichotomized using the top 2 options; categorical variables were recoded into binary variables for analysis.

Multivariable modns of cardiology persist and, in some aspects, are worsening. Improving the culture of cardiology may make this specialty a more attractive career choice for all.
Measuring outcomes in clinical practice can aid patient care, quality improvement, and real-world evidence generation. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) Clinical Practice initiative is developing a list of validated, feasible instruments to measure atopic eczema in clinical care. Prior work identified symptoms and long-term control as the most important domains to measure in clinical practice. The Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) and the Patient-Oriented Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index (PO-SCORAD) were recommended by consensus to measure symptoms in clinical practice, but a need for instruments to measure itch intensity specifically was recognized. The HOME group also previously decided that long-term control should be captured by repeated measurements of eczema control. Recommended instruments to measure eczema control in clinical practice have not been defined.

To recommend instruments to measure eczema control and itch intensity in patients with atopic eczema in clinical practiceS) Itch Questionnaire, measuring average and peak itch (11 of 63 [17%], 14 of 63 [22%], and 16 of 59 [27%] voters disagreed, respectively).

Clinicians and patients are encouraged to incorporate these well-validated, quick-to-perform, and easy-to-use instruments into their clinic, selecting the instruments that best fit their need. These assessments are meant to enhance, not replace, the patient-clinician encounter, and to support real-world research and health care improvement.
Clinicians and patients are encouraged to incorporate these well-validated, quick-to-perform, and easy-to-use instruments into their clinic, selecting the instruments that best fit their need. Selleck PD173074 These assessments are meant to enhance, not replace, the patient-clinician encounter, and to support real-world research and health care improvement.Tin oxide (SnO2) has been widely used as an n-type metal oxide electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its superior electrical and optical properties and low-temperature synthesis process. In particular, the interfacial effect between indium tin oxide (ITO) and SnO2 is an important parameter that controls the charge transport properties and device performance of the PSCs. Therefore, understanding the interfacial effect of ITO/SnO2 and its role in PSCs is crucial, but it is not studied intensively. Herein, we investigated the space-charge effect at the interface of ITO/SnO2 using transfer length measurement and conductive atomic force microscopy as a function of SnO2 thickness. Moreover, optical, morphologic, and device measurements were performed to determine the optimal SnO2 thickness for PSCs. The space-charge effect was identified in ITO/SnO2 when the SnO2 layer was very thin due to electron depletion near the interface. Interestingly, a critical kink point was observed at approximately 10 nm SnO2 thickness, indicating the electron depletion and weak charge transfer behavior of the device. Thus, a thickness around 20 nm was favorable for the best PSC performance because charge transport behavior in the thin SnO2 layer was depressed by electron depletion. However, when the thickness of SnO2 exceeded 50 nm, the device performance deteriorated due to increased series resistance. This study provides a strategy to tune the electron transport layer and boost the charge transport behavior in PSCs, making important contributions to optimizing SnO2-based PSCs.
Since July 2022, calling or texting 988 in the US connects callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline following a law passed by Congress to simplify access to the mental health crisis line in the US. Compared with other areas of suicide research, knowledge regarding how and to what extent crisis lines prevent suicide crises and suicide deaths remains in its infancy. The state of this research is briefly reviewed and critical directions for future research on factors that may influence effectiveness are suggested.

The new 988 line stands to improve access to critical lifesaving measures in the moments of a suicidal crisis. However, urgent questions remain regarding how to improve effectiveness of crisis lines. Available evidence suggests that crisis lines are often effective at reducing immediate distress and reducing suicide risk, but substantial gaps remain in understanding how crisis lines work.

Future research is recommended with suicide prevention crisis lines, such as 988, to identify and test factors influencing effectiveness, including conversation, consumer, dyadic, and structural-level characteristics. Existing research, while minimal, suggests that prescription of 988 to prevent suicide death is clinically warranted, but much more work is needed to optimize care.
Future research is recommended with suicide prevention crisis lines, such as 988, to identify and test factors influencing effectiveness, including conversation, consumer, dyadic, and structural-level characteristics. Existing research, while minimal, suggests that prescription of 988 to prevent suicide death is clinically warranted, but much more work is needed to optimize care.Both phytohormone signaling and epigenetic mechanisms have long been known to play crucial roles in plant development and plasticity in response to ambient stimuli. Indeed, diverse signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and epigenetic processes integrate multiple upstream signals to regulate various plant traits. Emerging evidence indicates that phytohormones and epigenetic processes interact at multiple levels. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the interplay between phytohormones and epigenetic processes from the perspective of phytohormone biology. We also review chemical regulators used in epigenetic studies and propose strategies for developing novel regulators using multidisciplinary approaches.The opioid crisis continues to claim many lives, with a particular issue being the ready availability and use (whether intentional or accidental) of fentanyl and fentanyl analogues. Fentanyl is both potent and longer-acting than naloxone, the standard of care for overdose reversal, making it especially deadly. Consequently, there is interest in opioid reversal agents that are better able to counter its effects. The orvinol series of ligands are known for their high-affinity binding to opioid receptors and often extended duration of action; generally, compounds on this scaffold show agonist activity at the kappa and the mu-opioid receptor. Diprenorphine is an unusual member of this series being an antagonist at mu and only a partial agonist at kappa-opioid receptors. In this study, an orvinol antagonist, 14, was designed and synthesized that shows no agonist activity in vitro and is at least as good as naloxone at reversing the effects of mu-opioid receptor agonists in vivo.
Here we report the residual efficacy of the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti. We first conducted a range-finding evaluation of clothianidin on three different substrates (wall, wood, cloth) using three doses (100, 300 and 600 mg a.i.m
) and conducting World Health Organization (WHO) cone bioassays to assess acute (24 h) and delayed (up to 7 days) mortality. In experimental houses located in Merida (Mexico) and using free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti females, we quantified the acute and delayed mortality after a 24-h exposure to the targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS) of two clothianidin doses (100 and 300 mg a.i.m
).

Range-finding studies with WHO cones showed low (<50%) acute mortality for all surfaces, doses and times post spraying. Delayed mortality was higher, with average values above or close to the 60% mark (and 95% confidence interval estimates crossing 80% for the 600 mg a.i.m
dose). In experimental houses, a similar low acute mortality was quantified (range of mortality across 12 months was 2-44% for 100 mg a.i.m
and 8-61% for 300 mg a.i/m
). However, delayed mortality showed a strong effect of clothianidin on free-flying Ae. aegypti, with values above 80% up to 7months post-TIRS.

Novel residual insecticide molecules have a promising outlook for Ae. aegypti control and can contribute to the expansion and adoption of TIRS in urban areas. clothianidin can contribute to the control of resistant Ae. aegypti and provide residual control for up to 7 months after application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Novel residual insecticide molecules have a promising outlook for Ae. aegypti control and can contribute to the expansion and adoption of TIRS in urban areas. clothianidin can contribute to the control of resistant Ae. aegypti and provide residual control for up to 7 months after application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.Active DNA demethylation effectively modulates gene expression during plant development and in response to stress. However, little is known about the upstream regulatory factors that regulate DNA demethylation. We determined that the demethylation regulator 1 (demr1) mutant exhibits a distinct DNA methylation profile at selected loci queried by methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction and globally based on whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Notably, the transcript levels of the DNA demethylase gene REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) were lower in the demr1 mutant. We established that DEMR1 directly binds to the ROS1 promoter in vivo and in vitro, and the methylation level in the DNA methylation monitoring sequence of ROS1 promoter decreased by 60% in the demr1 mutant. About 40% of the hyper-differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the demr1 mutant were shared with the ros1-4 mutant. Genetic analysis indicated that DEMR1 acts upstream of ROS1 to positively regulate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during seed germination and seedling establishment stages. Surprisingly, the loss of DEMR1 function also caused a rise in methylation levels of the mitochondrial genome, impaired mitochondrial structure and an early flowering phenotype. Together, our results show that DEMR1 is a novel regulator of DNA demethylation of both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in response to ABA and plant development in Arabidopsis.
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