Notes

Possible environment toxicant direct exposure, metabolizing gene variations and chance of PCOS-A organized evaluation.
Solid-gas interactions at electrode surfaces determine the efficiency of solid-oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers. Here, the correlation between surface-gas kinetics and the crystal orientation of perovskite electrodes is studied in the model system La0.8 Sr0.2 Co0.2 Fe0.8 O3 . Selleck WNK463 The gas-exchange kinetics are characterized by synthesizing epitaxial half-cell geometries where three single-variant surfaces are produced [i.e., La0.8 Sr0.2 Co0.2 Fe0.8 O3 /La0.9 Sr0.1 Ga0.95 Mg0.05 O3-δ /SrRuO3 /SrTiO3 (001), (110), and (111)]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation measurements reveal a strong surface-orientation dependency of the gas-exchange kinetics, wherein (111)-oriented surfaces exhibit an activity >3-times higher as compared to (001)-oriented surfaces. Oxygen partial pressure ( p O 2 )-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies reveal that while the three surfaces have different gas-exchange kinetics, the reaction mechanisms and rate-limiting steps are the same (i.e., charge-transfer to the diatomic oxygen species). First-principles calculations suggest that the formation energy of vacancies and adsorption at the various surfaces is different and influenced by the surface polarity. Finally, synchrotron-based, ambient-pressure X-ray spectroscopies reveal distinct electronic changes and surface chemistry among the different surface orientations. Taken together, thin-film epitaxy provides an efficient approach to control and understand the electrode reactivity ultimately demonstrating that the (111)-surface exhibits a high density of active surface sites which leads to higher activity.
High rates of tobacco smoking among people who are homeless or living in temporary accommodation exacerbate poor health outcomes and financial disadvantage. There is limited research on this population's perceptions of smoking cessation benefits or support strategies.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 68 male smokers living in a temporary accommodation hostel in Brisbane, Australia. The survey measured smoking and quit attempt history, perceptions of cessation aids and benefits of cessation, and awareness of the Intensive Quit Support program-a free Queensland government-funded program comprising 12 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy supplemented with weekly calls from Quitline.

Participants (56% aged ≤40 years) spent a high proportion of their income on smoking (median $80/week). Although the most commonly reported perceived benefit of smoking cessation was improved health, more participants were interested in a campaign promoting the financial savings of quitting rather than the health benefits. Twice as many participants reported the high cost of smoking-provoked thoughts of quitting than graphic health warning labels on cigarette packs (70.6% vs. 30.9%). Participants reported a high level of interest in e-cigarettes as a cessation aid. There was a low level of awareness but moderate level of interest in the Intensive Quit Support program.

Smoking cessation campaigns promoting the financial savings of cessation may be more salient than health-focused campaigns among relatively young men who smoke and experience homelessness. There is a clear need for innovative, targeted strategies promoting smoking cessation among this population.
Smoking cessation campaigns promoting the financial savings of cessation may be more salient than health-focused campaigns among relatively young men who smoke and experience homelessness. There is a clear need for innovative, targeted strategies promoting smoking cessation among this population.The differential proteins associated with plasma membrane of spermatozoa are less known, identification of which shall help overcome limitations of currently used methods of sperm sexing, considered as a high priority for livestock sector of many countries. This study has reported plasma membrane proteomics of unsorted spermatozoa and differential expression of plasma membrane-associated proteins between X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa of indicus cattle (Bos indicus). Isolation of plasma membrane fraction using percoll gradient, relatively a rapid method, from bovine spermatozoa has been reported to enrich isolation of plasma membrane proteins. Significant enrichment for plasma membrane-associated proteins was observed in plasma membrane fraction (p less then .05) as compared to the total cell lysate using LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, these experiments were conducted in flow cytometry sorted, sexed-semen samples. Thirteen proteins were identified as differentially abundant between X- and Y-sorted spermatozoa. Among these, two proteins were downregulated in Y-sorted spermatozoa compared to the X-sorted spermatozoa (p less then .05), while four and seven proteins could be noted in X- and Y-sorted spermatozoa, respectively. Proteins that are presumed to support sperm capacitation and sperm migration velocity were found to be abundant in Y-sorted spermatozoa while those associated with structural molecule activity were identified as abundant in X-sorted spermatozoa in the present study. Our study provides better insight into the plasma membrane proteomics of spermatozoa of indicus cattle and furnishes data that might aid in design and development of alternate and open technology for sex-sorting of semen.
Data regarding marijuana (MJ) use among liver transplant (LT) candidates are limited. We set out to determine the incidence and pre- and post-LT outcomes of adult LT candidates with a self-reported history of MJ use.

Baseline clinical characteristics, waitlist, and post-LT outcomes of adult LT candidates from January 2010 to March 2017 were compared.

Among 2690 LT candidates, 630(23%) and 298(11%) reported a history of MJ use and use within the past 12months, respectively. Although the proportion of MJ users increased over time(β=.76, p=.03), the proportion listed and transplanted did not change. Listing for LT increased with male (OR 1.24, 95% CI 11.01-1.52), MELD score (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15), HCC (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.39-2.41) but decreased among MJ users (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.91, p=.01). The median time to listing was longer among MJ users compared to non-users (115 vs. 87days, p<.0005). Post-LT survival was similar in 83MJ users and 306 non-users.

The proportion of MJ users among LT candidates is increasing. MJ users have a greater burden of psychosocial issues which may contribute to longer evaluations and lower rate of LT listing. Post-LT survival was not impacted by self-reported MJ use history.
The proportion of MJ users among LT candidates is increasing. MJ users have a greater burden of psychosocial issues which may contribute to longer evaluations and lower rate of LT listing. Post-LT survival was not impacted by self-reported MJ use history.
This systematic literature review explores and maps what we know about survivorship to understand how survivorship can be theoretically defined.

Survivorship of critical illness has been identified as a challenge for the 21st Century. Whilst the use of the term 'survivorship' is now common in critical care, it has been borrowed from the cancer literature where the discourse on what survivorship means in a cancer context is ongoing and remains largely descriptive. In the absence of a theoretical understanding, the term 'survivorship' is often used in critical illness in a generic way, limiting our understanding of what survivorship is. The current COVID-19 pandemic adds to an urgency of understanding what intensive care unit (ICU) survivorship might mean, given the emerging long-term consequences of this patient cohort. We set out to explore how survivorship after critical illness is being conceptualised and what the implications might be for clinical practice and research.

Integrated systematic literatuivorship as a process but are aware that this definition needs to be developed further with patients and families.
We mapped in this systematic review the different pieces of the jigsaw that emerge following critical illness to understand and see the bigger picture of what happens after patients survive critical illness. It is evident that existing research has mapped these connections, but what we have not managed to do yet is defining what survivorship is theoretically. We offer a preliminary definition of survivorship as a process but are aware that this definition needs to be developed further with patients and families.To meet the ever-growing demand for advanced rechargeable batteries with light weight and compact size, much effort has been devoted to improving the volumetric capacity of electrodes. Herein, an effective strategy of polymorph engineering is proposed to boost the volumetric capacity of FeSe. Owing to the inherent metallic electronic conductivity of tetragonal-FeSe, a conductive additive-free electrode (hereafter denoted as CA-free) can be assembled with an enhanced sodium storage volumetric capacity of 1011 mAh cm-3 , significantly higher than semiconducting hexagonal-FeSe. Impressively, the CA-free electrode can achieve an extremely high active material utilization of 96.7 wt% and high initial Coulombic efficiency of 96%, superior to most of the anodes for Na-ion storage. Moreover, the design methodology is branched out using tetragonal FeSe as the cathode for Li-ion batteries. The CA-free tetragonal-FeSe electrode can achieve a high volumetric energy density of 1373 Wh L-1 and power density of 7200 W L-1 , outperforming most metal chalcogenides. Reversible conversion reactions are revealed by in situ XRD for both sodium and lithium systems. The proposed design strategy provides new insight and inspiration to aid in the ongoing quest for better electrode materials.
To investigate the incidence of urinary tract infection and analyse its risk factors among hospitalised patients with spinal cord injury.

While the incidence of urinary tract infection varies widely according to the healthcare setting and patients' clinical characteristics, formal reports are limited in quantity. There has been no consensus regarding the risk factors for urinary tract infection.

A retrospective descriptive study.

Electronic medical records of 964 subjects between 2010-2017 were reviewed. Urinary tract infection status was examined to identify newly occurred cases. Data included demographic and clinical characteristics, hydration status and length of hospitalisation. The reporting of the study followed the EQUATOR Network's STROBE checklist.

Of the sample, 31.7% had urinary tract infection (95% confidence interval 1.288 to 1.347, p<.001). Sex, completeness of injury, type of bladder emptying, detrusor function and urethral pressure were significant factors affecting urinary tract butes evidence for up-to-date clinical nursing practice for the comprehensive management of urinary tract infection. This can lead to improvements in nursing care quality and patient outcomes, including length of hospitalisation.Classic chemical sensors integrated in phones, vehicles, and industrial plants monitor the levels of humidity or carbonaceous/oxygen species to track environmental changes. Current projections for the next two decades indicate the strong need to increase the ability of sensors to sense a wider range of chemicals for future electronics not only to continue monitoring environmental changes but also to ensure the health and safety of humans. To achieve this goal, more chemical sensing principles and hardware must be developed. Here, a proof-of-principle for the specific electrochemistry, material selection, and design of a Li-garnet Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO)-based electrochemical sensor is provided, targeting the highly corrosive environmental pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO2 ). This work extends the prime use of LLZO as a battery component as well as the range of trackable pollutants for potential future sensor-noses. Novel composite sensing-electrode designs using LLZO-based porous scaffolds are employed to define a high number of reaction sites, and successfully track SO2 at the dangerous levels of 0-10 ppm with close-to-theoretical SO2 sensitivity.
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