Notes

Aquagenic (pseudo) keratoderma (aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma, aquagenic wrinkles associated with palm trees).
Manual sorting and recycling have been reported as restricted due to safety precaution. This is supported by the interview communication with ZEVO SAKO (the largest incineration plant in the Czech Republic). This study highlighted that the practices or measures at each place could serve as a guideline and reference. However, adaption is required according to the geographical and socioeconomic factors.The annual increases in global energy consumption, along with its environmental issues and concerns, are playing significant roles in the massive sustainable and renewable global transmission of energy. Solar energy systems have been grabbing most attention among all the other renewable energy systems throughout the last decade. However, even renewable energies can have some adverse environmental repercussions; therefore, further attention and proper precautional procedures should be given. This paper discusses in detail the environmental impacts of several commercial and emerging solar energy systems at both small- and utility-scales. The study expands to some of the related advances, as well as some of the essential elements in their systems. The approach follows all the stages, starting with the designs, then throughout their manufacturing, materials, construction or installation phases, and over operation lifetime and decommissioning. Specific solutions for most systems such as waste minimization and recycling are discussed, alongside with some technically and ecologically favorable recommendations for mitigating the impacts.Integrating a network perspective into multiple-stressor research can reveal indirect stressor effects and simultaneously estimate both taxonomic and functional community characteristics, thus representing a novel approach to stressor paradigms in rivers. Using six years of data from twelve streams of Columbus, Ohio, USA, the effects of nutrients (NP), impervious surface (%IS), and sedimentation on network properties were quantified. Variability in the strength and distribution of trophic interactions was assessed by incorporating biomass into networks. All stressors impacted some properties of network topology - linkage density (average number of links per species), connectance (fraction of all possible links realized in a network), and compartmentalization (degree to which networks contain discrete sub-webs), including synergistic interactive effects between sedimentation and stream size. We also found support for antagonistic effects between (1) sedimentation and %IS and between %IS and NP on the weighted index mean link weight, which represents the magnitude of trophic interactions among species in a network, and (2) %IS and stream size on strength standard deviation, a measure of the distribution of total magnitude of all trophic interactions per species in a network. Overall, our results point to the potential for urban stressors such as impervious surfaces and sedimentation - alone and as interactions - to decrease network complexity, compartmentalization, and stability, likely through homogenizing habitat and limiting food resources. The observation that larger streams often buffered the negative effects of these stressors suggests that restoration and other management approaches might be most beneficial in smaller headwater streams of urban catchments.Algae cells and algal organic matter (AOM) present in algae impacted source water pose a serious threat to the safety of drinking water. Conventional water treatment processes poorly remove AOM that can transform to harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during ensuing disinfection. This article offers a comprehensive review on the impacts of pre-oxidation on the formation of DBPs from AOM in subsequent chlor(am)ination. Various characterization techniques for algal cells and AOM are first overviewed with an effort to better understanding of correlation between the AOM properties and downstream DBP formation. Then, the present work reviews recent studies on application of different pre-oxidation technologies, such as chlor(am) ination, UV irradiation, ozonation, ferrate (VI), permanganate oxidation and UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), to remove algal cells and degrade AOM. Pre-oxidation can reduce the stability of algal cells and inactivate algal cells for promoting cell aggregation and thus favoring coagulation. Meanwhile, pre-oxidation can mitigate and degrade AOM into small molecular weight organic compounds to reduce DBP formation potential during subsequent chlor(am)ination. Finally, this review provides an overall evaluation on the applicability of different pre-oxidation processes, and identifies future research demands.We evaluated farmworkers exposed to pesticides and individuals with no history of occupational exposure to pesticides. It was performed the comet assay to evaluate DNA damage. The immunophenotyping of TCD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood was performed by flow cytometry. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PON1, XRCC1, IL6, IL6R, TNF-α, and MIR137 genes were evaluated by real-time PCR. The exposed group was composed mostly by males (69.44%), with direct exposure to pesticides (56%) and with an average age range of 46 ± 13.89 years, being that 58.3% of farmworkers directly exposed to pesticides and reported the full use of personal protective equipment (PPE). DNA damage was greater in the exposed group (p less then 0.05), reinforced by the use of PPE to denote a lower degree of DNA damage (p = 0.002). In this context, in the exposed group, we demonstrated that the use of PPE, age, gender and intoxication events were the variables that most contributed to increase DNA damage (p less then 0.0001). Besides, the exposed group showed a significant increase in the subpopulations of T lymphocytes CD3+CD4+ (p less then 0.05) and CD3+CD4+CD25+ (p less then 0.0001) and a significant decrease in CD3+CD4+CD25-FOXP3+ (p less then 0.05). SNPs in the TNF-α (rs361525) gene presented a difference in the genotype distribution between the groups (p = 0.002). The genotype distribution of TNF-α (rs361525) was also positively correlated with the DNA damage of the exposed group (r = 0.19; p = 0.01), demonstrating a higher risk of DNA damage in the farmworkers presenting the A mutated allele. Our findings demonstrate that pesticides can exert various deleterious effects on human health by damaging the DNA as well as by influencing the immune system in the case of both direct or indirect exposure and these issues are associated to age, gender, intoxication and the nonuse of PPE.This study analyses long-term (1982-2014) estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) over four major river basins of India with the primary objective of understanding the factors controlling its space-time variability. Here we utilize terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) estimates, computed from WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) simulations, in monthly water balance computations to obtain the best available estimates of long-term ET for the study region. 1-NM-PP1 order Trend analysis shows significant increase in annual ET over Ganga (2.72 mm/year) and Krishna (3.90 mm/year) River Basins, while in Godavari and Mahanadi River Basins the observed trends are insignificant. The relative contribution of potential factors (represented by precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) that affect the variability of monthly ET is assessed using Hierarchical Partitioning Analysis (HPA). Results reveal that ET variance is largely controlled by the availability of water (represented by precipitation and soil moisture) in all the river basins. Precipitation (soil moisture) accounts for 65% (16%), 70% (20%), 77% (15%) and 67% (18%) of the variability in monthly ET over the Ganga, Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi River Basins, respectively. Similarly, highest contributions from precipitation are also observed in annual scale variations of ET in all the river basins. Multiple regression analysis performed to assess the overall influence of controlling variables demonstrate that precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and NDVI explain 84% (Ganga), 86% (Godavari), 91% (Krishna) and 82% (Mahanadi) of variations observed in monthly ET over the respective basins. Results presented in this study have major implications for the understanding of ET variability, appropriateness and discrepancies in different ET products and compliment the contemporary efforts of extending GRACE-based ET estimates in space and time.Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration negatively impacts aquatic ecosystems and may exacerbate the problem of undesirable cyanobacterial bloom development in freshwater ecosystems. Elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 may increase the levels of dissolved CO2 in freshwater systems, via air-water exchanges, enhancing primary production in the water and catchments. Although high CO2 levels improve cyanobacterial growth and increase cyanobacterial biomass, the impacts on their internal physiological processes can be more complex. Here, we have reviewed previous studies to evaluate the physiological responses of cyanobacteria to high concentrations of CO2. In response to high CO2 concentrations, the pressures of inorganic carbon absorption are reduced, and carbon concentration mechanisms are downregulated, affecting the intracellular metabolic processes and competitiveness of the cyanobacteria. Nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism and light utilization are closely related to CO2 assimilation, and these processes ar responses to elevated CO2 levels and help control cyanobacterial bloom developments, this review has identified key areas for future research.It is hypothesized that biodiversity is maintained by interactions at local and regional spatial scales. Many sustainability plans and management practices reflect the need to conserve biodiversity, yet once these plans are implemented, the ecological consequences are not well understood. By learning how management practices affect local environmental factors and dispersal in a region, ecologists and natural resource managers can better understand the implications of management choices. We investigated the interaction of local and regional scale processes in the built environment, where human-impacts are known to influence both. Our goal was to determine how the interaction between spatial variation in habitat heterogeneity in algal management of urban ponds and dispersal shape biodiversity at local and regional spatial scales. A twelve-week mesocosm study was conducted where pond management and dispersal were manipulated to determine how spatial variation in habitat and dispersal from various source pools iniversity both within and across spatial scales.The increase in abiotic and biotic stress driven by global change threatens forest ecosystems and challenges understanding of mechanisms producing mortality. Phytophthora spp. like P. cinnamomi (PHYCI) are among the most lethal pathogens for many woody species including Quercus spp. Dynamics of biotic agents and their hosts are complex and influenced by climatic conditions. We analysed radial growth trends of dead and live adult Quercus ilex trees from agrosilvopastoral open woodlands under intense land-use. A pronounced warming trend since the 1980s has coincided in these woodlands with high oak mortality rates generally attributed to PHYCI. Yet, tree mortality and latency of the pathogen could be expressed at variable time spans, whereas, like in many other forests worldwide, tree death could also be explained by other factors like drought. PHYCI was isolated from roots of all dead oaks from one region. Trees were younger than generally believed and ages of dead trees ranged between 38 and 230 years. Growth of dead trees reached a tipping point in 1980 and 1990 coincident with two-year extraordinary droughts.
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