Notes

Arteriovenous fistulas pertaining to microvascular head and neck reconstruction.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of 0.4% agarose (100 mL) using GH50A β-agarase (20 μg/mL) for 4 h under optimal reaction conditions (5 mM MnSO4, 10 mM TCEP, 35 °C, 20 mM Tris-HCl, and pH 7.5) and purification of NA2 from hydrolysis products by Bio-Gel P-2 column chromatography resulted in the recovery of 216 mg of NA2 (∼54% yield from agarose). Altogether, these results suggest that the recombinant GH50A β-agarase is useful to convert agarose to NA2.Hemin in dimethyl sulfoxide solution has exhibited voltammograms controlled by diffusion at glassy carbon electrodes for slow scan rates, although it is adsorbed slightly. In contrast, voltammograms for high scan rates, v > 1 V s-1, were governed by some kinds of kinetics judging from the scan rate dependence of peaks. The kinetics is close to that of a ferrocenyl derivative, in which the currents include the capacitive component with negative values. The capacitive one can be identified with the proportionality to the scan rates. The variation of the peak currents with v yielded -200 μF cm-2. This negative value, being associated with the charge transfer reaction, makes cyclic voltammograms deviated downward from the diffusion-controlled behavior, resembling an irreversible reaction of the Butler-Volmer kinetics. Double layer capacitances are generally formed so that the applied electric field may be relaxed. The reduction of hemin forms a dipole coupled with a cation of the salt. The dipole orients from the electrode to the bulk, whereas the solvent dipoles orients in the opposite direction. Therefore, the capacitance is observed negatively. The capacitance determined by ac impedance took also negative values when the applied dc potential was only in the potential domain for the charge transfer. These complications can be avoided in electrocatalysis by use of such slow voltammetry as scan rates of 0.1 V s-1 and ac frequency of 0.2 Hz.While electrogenic, or electricity-producing, Gram-negative bacteria predominantly found in anaerobic habitats have been intensively explored, the potential of Gram-positive microbial electrogenic capability residing in a similar anoxic environment has not been considered. Because Gram-positive bacteria contain a thick non-conductive cell wall, they were previously believed to be very weak exoelectrogens. However, with the recent discovery of electrogenicity by Gram-positive pathogens and elucidation of their electron-transfer pathways, significant and accelerated attention has been given to the discovery and characterization of these pathways in the members of gut microbiota. The discovery of electrogenic bacteria present in the human gut and the understanding of their electrogenic capacity opens up possibilities of bacterial powered implantable batteries and provide a novel biosensing platform to monitor human gastrointestinal health. In this work, we characterized microbial extracellular electron-transfer capabilities and capacities of five gut bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. A 21-well paper-based microbial fuel cell array with enhanced sensitivity was developed as a powerful yet simple screening method to accurately and simultaneously characterize bacterial electrogenicity. S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. agalactiae exhibited distinct electrogenic capabilities, and their power generations were comparable to that of the well-known Gram-negative exoelectrogen, Shewanella oneidensis. Importantly, this system was used to begin a large-scale transposon screen to examine the genes involved in electrogenicity by the human pathobiont S. aureus.In this paper, an elastic poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) piezoelectric yarn for the application of a muscle patch sensor is presented. The electrospinning method is used to fabricate the piezoelectric yarn, and different parameters were used to control the orientation and structure of piezoelectric fibers. We further develop a post-alignment process to reorganize the orientation of fibers and to reshape fiber microstructures. check details Two unique microstructures of piezoelectric fibers that have an excellent elastic performance were identified. This piezoelectric yarn is composed of skewed and crimped fibers that align along the elongation direction, and it can be cyclically stretched up to 65% strain with good linearity, durability, and repeatability. Its mechanical behavior is superior to randomly distributed and fully straightened piezoelectric fibers, and it is suitable for long-term use of larger strain sensing. Our study demonstrated that this piezoelectric yarn can be stretched for more than 12 h under a repeated 1 Hz cyclic deformation. Using this elastic piezoelectric yarn, a muscle patch sensor that can be attached to the skin over human muscles for real-time monitoring is developed. The concentric, eccentric, and isometric contractions of biceps and triceps can be measured simultaneously to study their contraction behaviors. To further verify whether this patch sensor can be used under intense exercise conditions, the contraction behavior of a soleus muscle during stationary jumping and running is monitored to demonstrate sensor performance. Finally, this patch sensor is sewed onto a chest band, and it is verified that both breathing movement and heartbeat can be monitored.Understanding the adsorption and diffusion of CO2 and N2 in lignite at high temperature is of great significance for fire prevention and control. Considering the influence of temperature on coal structure, molecular structure models of lignite at 298.15, 323.15, 423.15, and 523.15 K were constructed by molecular mechanics and dynamics, and grand canonical Monte Carlo molecular simulation was conducted for single-component and two-component systems under different temperatures, pressures, and gas ratios. The adsorption capacity was positively correlated with the pressure and molar ratio of CO2 but negatively correlated with the temperature. The adsorption amount of CO2 (1.060 mmol/g) was generally larger than that of N2 (0.069 mmol/g), showing a greater selectivity. However, CO2 was more sensitive to temperature, and the adsorption amount decreased faster with the increase in temperature. At high temperature, the adsorption amount of CO2 and N2 is basically equal, both of which are at a low level. The CO2 isosteric heat of adsorption (7.
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