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Gamma Knife Radiosurgery regarding Pituitary Malignancies: A planned out Evaluation as well as Meta-Analysis.
Also, instead of a constant thermal sensitivity of growth across species, as might be expected from strong constraints, we find that all aspects of the thermal performance curve evolve along the phylogeny. Our results suggest that phytoplankton thermal performance curves adapt to thermal environments largely in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints. © 2020 The Authors. Evolution published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution.KEY POINTS Sleep spindles have recently been shown to occur not only across multiple neocortical regions but also locally in restricted cortical areas. Here we show that local spindles are indeed present in the human posterior thalamus Thalamic local spindles had lower spectral power than non-local ones. While non-local thalamic spindles had equal local and non-local cortical counterparts, local thalamic spindles had significantly more local cortical counterparts, i.e., occurring in a single cortical site. The preferential association of local thalamic and cortical spindles supports the notion of thalamocortical loops functioning in modular way. ABSTRACT Sleep spindles are believed to subserve many sleep-related functions, from memory consolidation to cortical development. Recent data using intra cerebral recordings in human beings showed that they occur across multiple neocortical regions but may also be spatially restricted to specific brain areas (local spindles). The aim of this study was to characterize he preferential association of local thalamic and cortical spindles supports the notion of thalamocortical loops functioning in a modular way. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.KEY POINTS NO is a gasotransmitter with important physiological and pathophysiological roles in pregnancy. There is limited information about the sources and metabolism of NO and its bioactive metabolites (NOx) in both normal and complicated pregnancies. This study characterized and quantified endogenous NOx in human and mouse placenta following determination of the stability of exogenous NOx in placental homogenates. NOx have differential stability in placental homogenates; NO and iron nitrosyl species (FeNOs), are relatively unstable in placental homogenates from normal placentas. Exogenous NO, nitrite and nitrosothiols react with placental homogenates to form iron nitrosyl complexes; FeNOs were also detected endogenously in mouse and human placenta. NOx levels in placental villous tissue are increased in fetal growth restriction (FGR) versus placentas from women with normal pregnancies, particularly in FGR associated with preeclampsia. Villitis was, however, not associated with an increase in NOx levels in but not NO or iron nitrosyl species (FeNOs), are relatively stable in placental homogenates from normal placentas, and that NO, nitrite and nitrosothiols react with placental homogenates to form iron nitrosyl complexes. Furthermore, NOx levels in placental villous tissue are increased in FGR versus placentas from women with normal pregnancies, particularly in FGR associated with preeclampsia. However, contrary to our hypothesis, villitis was not associated with an increase in NOx levels in either normotensive or preeclamptic placentas. Our results also strongly support the involvement of FeNOs in both mouse and human placenta, and call for their further study as a critical mechanistic link between preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Alopecia areata (AA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases; however, the pathogenesis of the condition has yet to be fully elucidated. A recent study reported a case of severe AA associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) which was successfully treated with dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody against the α subunit of IL-4/IL-13 receptor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Geometrical phase analysis (GPA) is typically a powerful tool to investigate the deformation in high resolution transmission electron microscopy images and has been used in various fields. During GPA, strain components are calculated relative to an undistorted reference region. In the present work, the effect of reference region size on strain measurements has been investigated. Experimental measurements on a locally distorted gold nanoparticle exhibited that a small reference region below the GPA spatial resolution can introduce an inaccuracy in the measured displacement field, which appears as a significant increase in measured strains and severe fluctuation in phase images. The inaccuracy may be ascribed to an error of insufficient sampling. Our results suggest that a small reference region below the GPA spatial resolution should be avoided during GPA. This prerequisite should be paid more attention to during strain measurement on nanoparticles. © 2020 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2020 Royal Microscopical Society.Objectives Evidence shows that work-time control (WTC) affects health but underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Work-life interference (WLI) might be a step on the causal pathway. MLT-748 The present study examined whether WLI mediates effects on mental and physical health and contrasted these to other causal pathways. Methods Four biennial waves from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH, N=26 804) were used. Cross-lagged analyses were conducted to estimate if WLI mediated effects from WTC (differentiating between control over daily hours and time off) to subsequent depressive and musculoskeletal symptoms. Other causal directions (reversed mediation, direct and reversed direct effects) and robustness of mediation (by including covariates) were examined. Results WLI partially mediated the relationship of WTC (control over daily hours/time off) with both health outcomes. Indirect effect estimates were small for depressive symptoms (-0.053 for control over time off and -0.018 for control over daily hours) and very small for musculoskeletal symptoms (-0.007 and -0.003, respectively). While other causal directions were generally weaker than causal mediational pathways, they played a larger role for musculoskeletal compared to depressive symptoms. Estimates relating to control over time off were in general larger than for control over daily hours. Conclusions Our results suggest that WLI mediates part of the effect from WTC to mental/musculoskeletal symptoms, but small estimates suggest that (i) WTC plays a small but consistent role in effects on health and (ii) particularly regarding musculoskeletal disorders, other causal directions and mediators need to be further examined.
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