Notes

Interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms in patients together with post-transplant diabetes.
The role of immunological mechanisms on renal regeneration and functional recovery after an episode of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is still understudied. We aim to evaluate the impact of sterile leukocyturia on outcomes of critically-ill AKI patients.

A retrospective analysis of critically-ill patients with stage ≥2 AKI by KDIGO was performed. Patients with urinary tract infection, previous renal replacement therapy, chronic kidney disease stage >3 and kidney, urinary tract or prostatic cancer were excluded. Sterile leukocyturia was defined as a positive leukocyte esterase value.

108 patients with stage ≥2 AKI were included, 39.8% of which had sterile leukocyturia. AKI patients with sterile leukocyturia were older, had more cardiovascular disease and a lower baseline renal function (p<0.05). They had a higher serum creatinine and leukocytosis at admission, were more frequently septic (p<0.05) and had more persistent AKI by both KDIGO criteria at multivariable analysis (OR 6.130, 95% CI 2.007-18.747).

Sterile leukocyturia was associated with different patient baseline and AKI characteristics and more persistent AKI by both KDIGO criteria. Sterile leukocyturia may represent a surrogate marker of renal inflammation during AKI.
Sterile leukocyturia was associated with different patient baseline and AKI characteristics and more persistent AKI by both KDIGO criteria. Sterile leukocyturia may represent a surrogate marker of renal inflammation during AKI.Antibodies are essential tools in modern science and medicine, however the history leading to the use of antibodies as tools has not been well-described. The objective of this paper is to analyze the history of immunology from smallpox inoculation to the production of monoclonal antibodies, and to identify turning points in immunological theory leading to the emergence of antibody-tools. In the early 1700's, Western medicine adopted smallpox inoculation from Turkey, along with the idea of acquired immunity. The Germ Theory of disease had to replace spontaneous generation and miasma theory in the 1880's, however, before inoculation could successfully be applied to other diseases. Inquiry into acquired immunity led to the idea of the "antibody" in the 1890's, and the use of antiserum to identify bacteria. Immunostaining was invented in 1942 by repurposing antibody-dye conjugates originally intended as antibiotics. Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas were similarly invented in 1975 by repurposing techniques from virology and genetics.There has been a marked increase of network studies of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Despite rapidly growing contributions, their findings have yet to be systematically aggregated and examined. We therefore conducted a systematic review of depression network studies using PRISMA guidelines. A total of 254 clinical and population studies were collected from ISI's Web of Science and PsycINFO, between January 2010 to May 2020. A total of 23 between-subject studies were included for review, resulting in 58 cross-sectional networks. To determine their most critical symptoms and their connections, we analyzed strength centrality rankings, and aggregated the most robust symptoms connections into a summary network. Results indicated substantial variability between study samples, depression measures, and network features. Fatigue and Depressed Mood were the most central symptoms, while Weight changes tended to have the weakest centrality. Depressed Mood and Fatigue formed two separated symptoms communities characterized by recurrent connections, with Mood-Anhedonia as the most frequent edge of MDD. Network analysis informed our understanding of MDD, suggesting the critical role of Fatigue and Depressed Mood. The study's findings are discussed in their clinical and methodological implications, including future directions for network studies of MDD.Progress feedback is an intervention aimed at enhancing patient outcomes in routine clinical practice. This study reports a comprehensive multilevel meta-analysis on the effectiveness of progress feedback in psychological treatments in curative care. The short- and long-term effects of feedback on symptom reduction were investigated using 58 (randomized and non-randomized) studies, analyzing 110 effect sizes in a total of 21,699 patients. Effects of feedback on dropout rate, percentage of deteriorated cases, and treatment duration were also examined. Moderation analyses were conducted for study and feedback characteristics. A small significant effect of progress feedback on symptom reduction (d = 0.15, 95% CI [0.10, 0.20]) was found, compared to control groups. This was also true for not-on-track cases (d = 0.17, 95% CI [0.11, 0.22]). In addition, feedback had a small favorable effect on dropout rates (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.03, 1.38]). The moderation analyses identified several potentially interesting variables for further research, including feedback instrument, outcome instrument, type of feedback, feedback frequency, treatment intensity, and country in which the study was conducted. Future studies should report on these variables more consistently so that we can obtain a better understanding of when and why feedback improves outcomes.CO2 reduction has become one of the most critical issues globally, and considering sustainable development, many countries are implementing and reviewing CO2 reduction policies. To examine the effect of the CO2 reduction policies, a forecasting model that considers the relationship between variables such as population, building area, industries, vehicle use, and the environment is required. Teniposide mw Moreover, this model should also be applicable to various cities to support effective policymaking. In this study, we develop a model that can predict CO2 emissions from the relationship between the variables using System Dynamics, a method to model cities to represent one system composed of various variables. To expand the applicability of the model to various cities in Japan, the proposed model assigns statistical data as input data that can be obtained in any city and standardizes the system structure and variables of the model. In this study, we selected three cities, namely Fukuoka, Kashiwa, and Kumano, which had different populations and industrial characteristics. The calculation accuracy error of CO2 emissions for the three cities was found to be less than 6%. In addition, through the parameter study, it was confirmed that the proposed model can be used to examine the sectors that require CO2 reduction policies, along with the optimal application period. This study aims to provide an effective model that can help in CO2 forecasting and thus in environmental and sustainable development policymaking. Our approach to the CO2 forecasting model facilitates calculating effective CO2 reductions in various cities.In face of the interdependencies between policy areas in the management of common pool resources, studying nexus challenges is insightful for the exploration of new governance strategies. This includes the co-occurrence of and the interaction between different governance modes. We put forward the argument that a promising approach to explore these dynamics over time is the method of discourse network analysis. By conducting a discourse network analysis of German agricultural and water policy in a region with intensive livestock farming and large surpluses of manure that exert pressure on water and soil resources, we analyse the development of discourses within and across policy areas. We show that the analysis of public discourses contributes to the understanding of coordination between actors.
Human hemodynamic modeling is usually influenced by uncertainties occurring from a considerable unavailability of information linked to the boundary conditions and the physical properties used in the numerical models. Calculating the effect of these uncertainties on the numerical findings along the cardiovascular system is a demanding process due to the complexity of the morphology of the body and the area dynamics. To cope with all these difficulties, Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) methods seem to be an ideal tool.

This study focuses on analyzing and summarizing some of the recent research efforts and directions of implementing UQ in human hemodynamic flows by analyzing 139 research papers. Initially, the suitability of applying this approach is analyzed and demonstrated. Then, an overview of the most significant research work in various fields of biomedical hemodynamic engineering is presented. Finally, it is attempted to identify any possible forthcoming directions for research and methodological progress of UQ in biomedical sciences.

This review concludes that by finding the best statistical methods and parameters to represent the propagated uncertainties, while achieving a good interpretation of the interaction between input-output, is crucial for implementing UQ in biomedical sciences.
This review concludes that by finding the best statistical methods and parameters to represent the propagated uncertainties, while achieving a good interpretation of the interaction between input-output, is crucial for implementing UQ in biomedical sciences.
Traits related to a hyper-reactive arousal system (arousability) and weakened sleep system (sleep reactivity) are considered predisposing factors for insomnia of potential clinical utility. However, research examining the psychometric properties (ie, reliability and validity) of the Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS) and its clinical utility (ie, cut-off scores) among population-based and clinical samples is very limited.

A total of 500 adults (41.8% female, 39.1±15.9 years) from the general population in Spain and 217 adults (64.5% female, 46.0±16.1 years) from a clinical sample in the United States completed the APS, as well as measures of sleep reactivity, insomnia severity, anxiety, depression, and stress. Structural equation modeling was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the APS. Correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to determine convergent and predictive validity of the APS and its factors.

The CFAs supported two dimensions of emotional reacfor the diathesis-stress model of insomnia and, as a transdiagnostic process, its potential etiological link with psychopathology.
Adolescence is a crucial time period in which individuals are at high risk for depression and anxiety. Associations between screen time and adolescent depression and anxiety have been inconclusive. We examined 1) the associations of screen time with adolescent depression and anxiety and 2) whether sleep duration mediates these relationships.

This study utilized data from the 2018 US. National Survey of Children's Health, a large cross-sectional population representative dataset with parent/caregiver responses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between screen time and depression and anxiety in separate models. Path models were used to test the mediating role of sleep duration. Confounders, as sex, age, and sociodemographic variables were included in our adjusted models.

Data of 10,907 adolescents aged 13 to 17 were included in this study. The average screen time was 3.76h daily. Compared to no screen time, adolescents who used over 4h of screen time per day had higher odds of depression (OR=2.
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