Notes

Short-course vasoconstrictors are usually adequate with regard to esophageal variceal bleeding following endoscopic variceal ligation: A systematic evaluation along with meta-analysis.
01, 95%confidence interval [CI] -1.68 to -0.34), post-stroke pain (SMD -1.01, 95%CI -1.73 to -0.30), and pressure pain sensitivity (SMD 1.21, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.80) as compared with a comparative group at short-term follow-up. The effect on spasticity was found mainly in the lower extremity (MD -1.05, 95% CI -1.32 to -0.78) at short-term follow-up. No effect on spasticity was seen at 4 weeks. No significant effect on motor function (SMD 0.16, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.44) was observed. The risk of bias was generally low, but the imprecision of the results downgraded the level of evidence.

Moderate evidence suggests a positive effect of dry needling on spasticity (muscle tone) in the lower extremity in post-stroke patients. The effects on related pain and motor function are inconclusive.
Moderate evidence suggests a positive effect of dry needling on spasticity (muscle tone) in the lower extremity in post-stroke patients. The effects on related pain and motor function are inconclusive.Patient dose values varied significantly during interventional procedures, mainly due to the patient size, operators' choices and clinical complexity. In this study, the effect of applying a previously described and validated size-correction method to normalise kerma-area product (KAP) and average KAP rate values of the whole procedure (KAP rate) and isolate variations in dose due to the patient size and complexity, during lumbar discectomy and fusion (LDF) procedures, was investigated. Fluoroscopy time (FT), KAP, KAP rate and patient size data (weight, height and equivalent diameter) were recorded, for 96 patients who underwent single or multilevel LDF procedures by three senior neurosurgeons, defining three different patient groups (surgeon 1, surgeon 2, surgeon 3). Simple linear regression and coefficients of determination were used to investigate the relationship between uncorrected and corrected KAP and KAP rate values and patient size indices in these groups. The results showed that the size correction decreased the influence of patient size and could contribute to the isolation of the variations in patient dose due to the patient size. From this point of view, dose surveys during lumbar spine interventions may include dosimetric data from all patients independently of their body size and not only for standard-sized patients, providing the advantage of accessible data collection for the establishment of local dose reference levels and optimisation purposes, within the framework of the radiation protection program in the Neurosurgery Department.
Research has identified alcohol to be an important risk factor for several types of cancers. This study estimates the number of incident cancers attributable to alcohol consumption in the European Union (EU) in 2017, with a special focus on those caused by light to moderate drinking levels.

The attributable-fraction methodology is used to estimate the number of new cancer cases in the year 2017 in the EU caused by alcohol use, and further examines those due to light to moderate drinking levels, defined here as alcohol consumption of <20g of pure alcohol per day.

Light to moderate drinking levels of alcohol caused almost 23000 new cancer cases in the EU in 2017, and accounted for 13.3% of all alcohol-attributable cancers, and 2.3% of all cases of the seven alcohol-related cancer types. Almost half of these (∼11000 cases) were female breast cancers. Also, more than a third of the cancer cases due to light to moderate drinking resulted from a light drinking level of <1 standard drink per day (total 37%; women 40%; men 32%).

Alcohol use, including light to moderate drinking, continues to cause considerable cancer burden, and efforts should be made to reduce this burden. In addition to the alcohol control policies suggested by the World Health Organization, public information campaigns and the placement of warning labels on alcohol containers advising of the cancer risk associated with alcohol use should be initiated to increase knowledge about the alcohol-cancer link.
Alcohol use, including light to moderate drinking, continues to cause considerable cancer burden, and efforts should be made to reduce this burden. In addition to the alcohol control policies suggested by the World Health Organization, public information campaigns and the placement of warning labels on alcohol containers advising of the cancer risk associated with alcohol use should be initiated to increase knowledge about the alcohol-cancer link.Streptococcus pneumoniae synthesizes more than one hundred types of capsular polysaccharides (CPS). While the diversity of the enzymes and transporters involved is enormous, it is not limitless. In this review, we summarized the recent progress on elucidating the structure-function relationships of CPS, the mechanisms by which they are synthesized, how their synthesis is regulated, the host immune response against them, and the development of novel pneumococcal vaccines. Based on the genetic and structural information available, we generated provisional models of the CPS repeating units that remain unsolved. In addition, to facilitate cross-species comparisons and assignment of glycosyltransferases, we illustrated the biosynthetic pathways of the known CPS in a standardized format. Studying the intricate steps of pneumococcal CPS assembly promises to provide novel insights for drug and vaccine development as well as improve our understanding of related pathways in other species.The aim of this article is to study the stability of a non-local kinetic model proposed by Loy & Preziosi (2020a) in which the cell speed is affected by the cell population density non-locally measured and weighted according to a sensing kernel in the direction of polarization and motion. We perform the analysis in a $d$-dimensional setting. We study the dispersion relation in the one-dimensional case and we show that the stability depends on two dimensionless parameters the first one represents the stiffness of the system related to the cell turning rate, to the mean speed at equilibrium and to the sensing radius, while the second one relates to the derivative of the mean speed with respect to the density evaluated at the equilibrium. It is proved that for Dirac delta sensing kernels centered at a finite distance, corresponding to sensing limited to a given distance from the cell center, the homogeneous configuration is linearly unstable to short waves. Selleck KRX-0401 On the other hand, for a uniform sensing kernel, corresponding to uniformly weighting the information collected up to a given distance, the most unstable wavelength is identified and consistently matches the numerical solution of the kinetic equation.
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