Notes

In vivo microdialysis exhibits differential effects of prenatal necessary protein malnutrition as well as force on norepinephrine, dopamine, as well as this ranges in rat orbital front cortex.
A new species of the genus Sibon is described based on four specimens from Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, department of Cauca, Colombia. The new species differs from all members of the S. annulatus and S. nebulatus groups because it has an ocellate pattern, which places it into the S. argus species group. It differs from S. argus by having non-protuberant eyes, fewer ventrals, subcaudals, and total segmental counts; and it differs from S. longifrenis by having fewer segmental counts in males and females, only six supralabials and postmentals absent. Additionally, it differs from both species due to its smaller body size.A new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893, Vappolotes Zhao et S. VP-16 supplier Li gen. n., with two new species, V. ganlongensis Zhao et S. Li sp. n. (♂♀) and V. jianpingensis Zhao et S. Li sp. n. (♀), is described. The genus is restricted to southern China (Guizhou). Its relationship to other coelotine genera is discussed. A partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I of both species were obtained to aid species identification at the molecular level.A new genus and species of flagelliform gorgonian coral is described from mesophotic depth in the western Pacific Ocean. The new taxon exhibits calcaxonian morphological characters and shares affinities to both the clade that includes the Chrysogorgiidae, Primnoidae, and Isididae, as well as the clade that includes the Ellisellidae and the Pennatulacea. Based on morphology alone, placement in a new family is likely justifiable, since it exhibits some characters similar to several diverse calcaxonian taxa, and has unique features as well, but such an outcome awaits supporting molecular evidence. The new genus and species is remarkable among most octocorals in that it has an axis that is quadrangular in transverse section as in the calcaxonian Flagelligorgia gracilis and the pennatulacean Funiculina quadrangularis, and an apparently uniform, solid, highly calcified axial structure that lacks concentric layers or prismatic radiating wedges. In addition, it has distinctive sclerites of the surface coenenchyme that are predominantly elongate warty spindles with median waists, some of which superficially resemble sclerites found in some species of ellisellid gorgonians, but also exhibit ultrastructural features that differentiate them.A new species of gall fly, Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. (Diptera Fergusoninidae) is described from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) in southern Australia. The adult fly is yellow with dark brown to black markings, the male postgonites have one large distal tooth and an ovoid subapical lobe with two lateral setae, the female postabdomen is short and sparsely setose, and the wing has a posterior cross vein. The larva possesses a dorsal shield comprising rows of raised spicules on thoracic segments 1-3 and abdominal segments 1-7, and the puparium is heavily sclerotised dark brown, barrel-shaped, bearing the dorsal shield. Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. forms nodular 'stem' galls initiating from the axial shoot buds. The galls are 2-8 mm in diameter with an average volume of 123 (range 25-480) mm3. Thirteen species of Hymenoptera, comprising primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the gall fly and associated lepidopteran inquilines, and three species of Lepidoptera inquilines were reared from galls of this new species. Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. is associated with the obligate mutualist nematode, Fergusobia camaldulensae Davies.The neotropical genus Elachistocleis Parker comprises 18 described species [including Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider) which is considered a nomen dubium by Caramaschi (2010), with pending revision]. This genus is distributed in Central America and most of South America, from Panama and Trinidad to southern Paraguay, including central Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, and Brazil (Marinho et al. 2018; Frost 2019). Currently, the tadpoles of ten species have been described and/or figured Elachistocleis bicolor (Guérin-Méneville), E. cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro), E. erythrogaster Kwet and Di-Bernardo, E. haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer and Vaira, E. muiraquitan Nunes-de-Almeida and Toledo, E. ovalis, E. panamensis (Dunn, Trapido and Evans), E. pearsei (Ruthven), E. surinamensis (Daudin), and Elachistocleis sp. (Kenny 1969; Williams & Gudynas 1987; Kwet & Di-Bernardo 1998; Duellman 2005; Lynch 2006; Rossa-Feres & Nomura 2006; Vera Candioti 2006; Magalhães et al. 2012; Pereyra et al. 2013).Mimasyngenes piauiensis Galileo, Martins & Nascimento 2014, is proposed as a synonym of Ceiupaba lineata Martins & Galileo, 1998, and the distribution is expanded to include Paraguay. The sex of the holotype of M. piauiensis is corrected to female.Gynaikothrips microchaetus Ananthakrishnan and Jagadish (1969) was described from Dharwar in Karnataka, and until now has been known only from southern India (Ananthakrishnan & Sen 1980). The original description was based on an unspecified number of syntypes, with no depositary indicated. However, one of the authors (R. Varatharajan) acquired four slides that are labelled by Ananthakrishnan as this species and bear the same collection details as given in the original description. These are assumed to be syntypes, and one female is here designated as lectotype. The other three slides are of males and are considered as paralectotypes. Further, during extensive surveys for thrips at Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram (23.320 N 92.130 E) and Manipur University campus (24.820 N 93.900 E) during 2014-18, we have collected both sexes of this species from the leaves of Ficus curtipes. The freshly collected specimens were mounted onto microscope slides in Canada balsam, and identified using the keys provided by Ananthakrishnan and Sen (1980). Hence, the species is illustrated and re-described with additional features, based on the type material together with freshly collected specimens from north eastern India, Manipur and Mizoram. The following abbreviations are used for pronotal setae am-anteromarginals; aa-anteroangulars; pa-posteroangulars; ml-midlaterals; po-postocular; epim-epimerals; abdominal tergite IX setae S1, S2 & S3-setal pairs I, II and III respectively (S1 nearest the mid-line).A new species of Neotropical Hydrochus, H. spanglerorum n. sp., is described, based on specimens collected in Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname. The new species has unusual external and male genitalia morphology, which are described, discussed and illustrated. Among other unusual characters, the males have markedly pitted and iridescent femora, and the male genitalia have the parameres and basal piece fused, and the aedeagus dorsal basal lobe located near the distal end of the male genitalia.Annette Braun (1930) described the leafmining moth Phyllonorycter aberrans in the genus Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825. The species was later transferred to Phyllonorycter by Davis (1983). Recent morphological studies on North American Gracillariidae by the author have shown that P. aberrans requires a new generic placement. Generic distinction was also recognized by the molecular studies of Kawahara et al. (2017 fig. 2). Anarsioses is very similar to Phyllonorycter in general head morphology and wing venation, but differs in the unusual asymmetry of the male genitalia and in larval biology.The Umagillidae Wahl, represent a group of endosymbiotic Platyhelminthes which inhabit two disparate invertebrate host groups, the echinoderms and sipunculans. Sipunculan-inhabiting umagillids are morphologically distinct from those inhabiting echinoderms and have traditionally been placed in a distinct genus and subfamily, Collastoma Dörler, and the Collastominae Wahl, respectively. Although molecular data are available for umagillid species inhabiting echinoids and holothurians, species inhabiting sipunculans have yet to be evaluated with molecular data. Collastoma esotericum n. sp. from the sipunculan Phascolosoma scolops (Selenka & de Man) collected in Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland, Australia, is described. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences placed C. link2 esotericum in a clade with species of the Umagillidae and the Provorticinae Luther, with strong support. link3 However, within this clade the relationship of C. esotericum to the Umagillidae and Provorticinae was not resolved.Seven species of the subgenus Duolandrevus (Eulandrevus) Kirby, 1906 have been recorded from China prior to this study. Their morphology is similar, and genitalia can be used for distinguishing different species in earlier research. We describe one new species, D. (E.) obsidianus He sp. nov. from Guangxi. The new species is similar to related species in gross morphology, but showed differences in genitalia with epiphallic lateral lobes bifurcated apically in right angle. The songs and COI genes are first compared in this study, and the results support the validity of the new species. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).New synonyms and new data are presented on Brachiacantha Dejean, 1837, species belonging to the dentipes group. Coccinella laevis Thunberg, 1781, nomen oblitum and Brachiacantha decora Casey, 1899, syn. nov. are recognized as synonyms of B. bistripustulata (Fabricius, 1801); B. dentipes americana Leng, 1911, syn. nov. is synonymized with B. dentipes (Fabricius, 1801); new Neotropical localities are included for B. barberi Gordon, 1985, B. quadrillum LeConte, 1858, B. subfasciata Mulsant, 1850, and B. tau LeConte, 1859. Brachiacantha erythrura Mulsant, 1850, is added to the dentipes group and redescribed, the male genitalia are illustrated and a map of the distribution of this species is provided. A key to all species of the group is included. New data about hosts and prey are added for B. bistripustulata and other species.The fifteen Ceroplastes species recorded from China are discussed in relation to the origin, distribution, host-plants, biology and remarks. Of these, one new species, Ceroplastes planus Wu & Wang, sp. nov., is described and illustrated; and C. magnificus (Green) is recorded from China for the first time. A key to species of Ceroplastes now known from China is provided.Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Thyridanthrax spp. collected in field trips or preserved in the Efflatoun's insect collection in Cairo University were taxonomically studied. One new species, T. elegansoides sp. nov., is herein described, and two species, T. decipulus (Austen) and T. polyphemus (Wiedemann), are newly recorded from Egypt. Ten species are treated one species from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, T. anomalus Greathead; two species from Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, T. decipulus (Austen) and T. perspicillaris (Loew); and seven species from Egypt T. elegans (Wiedemann), T. elegansoides sp. nov., T. griseolus (Klug), T. incanus (Klug), T. lotus (Loew), T. obliteratus (Loew), and T. polyphemus (Wiedemann). Taxonomic comments, an identification key to species, diagnoses, and photographs of some species and genitalia are provided. Based on wing morphology and male genitalic characters, T. lotus clearly does not fit in the genus Thyridanthrax, and may need to be placed elsewhere, nevertheless it is not clear whether it can be included in any of the other currently recognized genera in the tribe Villini.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Etopophos.html