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The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization inducing potential of strontium incorporated tetracalcium phosphate cement (STTCP) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

hDPSCs were cultured from freshly extracted human premolar teeth. Cement discs (5mm×3mm) were prepared using MTA and STTCP. hDPSCs were exposed to the test materials and grouped as follows 1. MTA; 2. STTCP; 3. NC Media alone (negative control; 4.PC hDPSCs with osteogenic medium (positive control); Cell viability and proliferation was evaluated using MTT and trypan blue assays for 0, 7 and 14 day intervals. Odontoblastic differentiation potential were evaluated using ALP assay followed by degree of mineralization using Alizarin Red test and Osteopontin expression on day 7,14 and 21. Quantitative analysis were done by evaluating the absorbance and expressed as optical density. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Friedman test (P<0.05).

MTA showed higher percentage of cell proliferation than STTCP at day 7 and 14. ALP assay revealed higher significant value for STTCP on day 7 and 14. STTCP exhibited intense staining and similar mineralization potential with MTA at all time periods. Osteopontin expression was exhibited by both MTA and STTCP on all days (P<0.05).

STTCP promoted cell viability and enhanced mineralization and odontogenic differentiation potential on hDPSCs similar to MTA. STTCP has a potential to be an alternative therapeutic agent for pulp capping procedures.
STTCP promoted cell viability and enhanced mineralization and odontogenic differentiation potential on hDPSCs similar to MTA. STTCP has a potential to be an alternative therapeutic agent for pulp capping procedures.
This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of triple antibiotic paste, double antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide medicaments on human stem cells of the apical papilla.

In this experimental study, stem cells were isolated from the apical papilla and cultured. They are treated with different concentrations 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10 and 100 mg/ml of medicaments for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the medicaments were determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and Comet test, respectively.

Results showed all tested concentrations of the calcium hydroxide had no significant effect on stem cells at any time point. Triple antibiotic paste showed cytotoxicity in 10 and 100 mg/mL concentrations at all-time points and in 1, 10 and 100 mg/ml concentrations at 72 hours. In addition, its genotoxicity was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). Double antibiotic paste showed cytotoxic effects only in 100 mg/ml concentration at 24 hours and 10 and 100 mg/ml concentrations at 48 and 72 hours. And also, its genotoxicity in these concentrations was significantly higher than that of control and calcium hydroxide groups (P<0.05).

In contrast to calcium hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste and double antibiotic paste, especially in their higher concentrations, induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human stem cells of the apical papilla.
In contrast to calcium hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste and double antibiotic paste, especially in their higher concentrations, induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human stem cells of the apical papilla.
This study aimed to evaluate the stationary fatigue resistance of three endodontic instrument systems after preparing three root canals with different curvatures and comparing them with unused instruments.

A total of 60 endodontic files from 3 instrument systems, TruNatomy (TRN), HyFlex CM (HFC) and Revo-S (RS), were selected for this study. These systems were divided into 2 groups Group I (Used files) and Group II (Unused files). Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups, each containing 10 TRN (#26/v.04), 10 HFC (#25.04) and 10 RS (#25/.04) rotary files. The group I instruments were used for shaping the root canals of extracted third molars, while the group II instruments were not used for canal shaping procedures. Both Group I and Group II instruments were subjected to stationary cyclic fatigue testing at simulated body temperature (37±0.5°C) using a stainless-steel block with an artificial canal. The number of cycles to failure (NCF), the length of fractured instruments and the preparation time s were significantly greater than that of the TRN and RS instruments (P less then 0.05). NSC16168 solubility dmso TRN was faster in shaping the root canals than other instruments tested in the study.
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptors are essential proteins for the angiogenic activity of dental pulp. Angiogenesis fundamentally provides oxygen and nutrients to cells for root formation and defence mechanisms. The angiogenic potential of dental pulp should be understood and considered for the conservative and regenerative endodontics. The purpose of this research was to measure the VEGFA expression and its receptors such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, -2 (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) and Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in human dental pulp from molars with immature and mature apexes.

VEGFA system mRNAs expressions were assessed in dental pulp obtained from freshly extracted human third molars divided into immature (n=8) and mature (n=8) apexes. RNAs were extracted from the samples. Each sample's cDNA was synthetized and the target genes VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NRP1 expression profiles obtained by RT2-PCR. Analysis was based on the Student's t-test comparing the replicate 2-ΔCt values for each gene. P values of <0.05 were considered significant.

In teeth with mature apexes, VEGFA (P=0.0002), NRP1 (P=0.0001), VEGFR1 (P=0.0057) and VEGFR2 (P=0.018259) significantly increased statistically with respect to the immature apexes group.

Within the limitation of the present investigation, it can be concluded that the angiogenic process seems to be a physiological process in the dental pulp due to the studied angiogenic growth factor are expressed in both immature and mature dental pulps. VEGFA and its receptors are expressed significantly higher in mature apex teeth than immature apex teeth.
Within the limitation of the present investigation, it can be concluded that the angiogenic process seems to be a physiological process in the dental pulp due to the studied angiogenic growth factor are expressed in both immature and mature dental pulps. VEGFA and its receptors are expressed significantly higher in mature apex teeth than immature apex teeth.
The aim of this study was to compare the success rate of anaesthesia with 3% prilocaine and felypressin (0.03 IU/mL) in maxillary first and second molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

The study population was 159 patients (53 males, 106 females) who had maxillary first or second molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis (84 first molars, 75 second molars). A buccal infiltration of 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/mL felypressin was used as the primary anaesthetic technique. In addition to using a categorised pain score, sound, eye movement and body motion were considered signs of anaesthesia efficacy. The data were analysed with independent t and Chi-square tests. Significance was set at α=0.05.

Overall, the success rate was 56.6% in maxillary molars, 53.6% in maxillary first molars, and 60% in maxillary second molars. There was no statistically significant difference between maxillary first and second molars in terms of anaesthesia success rate (P>0.05). The overall success rate of intraligament supplementary injections was 50%, and intrapulpal supplementary injections was 97.91%. No significant difference was found between maxillary first and second molars in terms of the success rate of the supplemental techniques (P>0.05).

No significant difference was found between maxillary first and second molars in terms of anaesthesia success rate when 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/mL felypressin was used as an anaesthetic solution for the infiltration injection.
No significant difference was found between maxillary first and second molars in terms of anaesthesia success rate when 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/mL felypressin was used as an anaesthetic solution for the infiltration injection.
The aim of this study was to compare the pull-out bond strength of prefabricated titanium posts cemented with novel fast-setting calcium silicate, zinc phosphate, or glass ionomer cements.

Sixty extracted human maxillary incisors were selected and received root canal treatment. Post space was prepared for titanium ParaPost XP size 5 (diameter=1.25 mm). The posts were cemented using novel calcium silicate cement, zinc phosphate cement, or glass ionomer cement (n=20). Specimens were stored in phosphate-buffered saline for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the posts were subjected to axial tensile force until bond failure. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons.

The posts cemented with novel calcium silicate cement (10.5±3.8 MPa) demonstrated significantly higher bond strength than zinc phosphate (8.0±2.6 MPa) and glass ionomer cements (8.0±2.7 MPa) (P<0.05).

Within the limitation of the study, the pull-out bond strength of titanium post cemented with novel calcium silicate cement in endodontically treated teeth was superior to zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements.
Within the limitation of the study, the pull-out bond strength of titanium post cemented with novel calcium silicate cement in endodontically treated teeth was superior to zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements.
Apical surgery is an intervention to treat teeth with persistent or recurrent endodontic infection. The proximity of the mental foramen and mandibular canal may pose a risk of altered sensation when performing surgical interventions in the posterior mandible. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of neurosensory disturbances after apical surgery of mandibular premolars and molars. The secondary objective was to evaluate whether the occurrence of altered sensation correlated with the distances from the apex or the periapical lesion to the relevant anatomical structures.

The charts of patients treated from September 1999 to December 2015 were retrospectively evaluated if an apical surgery had been performed in mandibular premolars or molars, and a minimum period of 1-year follow-up was documented. Patients with trauma or other surgical interventions in the same hemimandible were excluded. Cases with postsurgical altered sensation were defined as the test group. From the pool of unaffected cato normal. The clinician must be particularly careful when performing apical surgery of second premolars due to the proximity of the mental foramen.
Altered sensation may typically occur following apical surgery in posterior mandibular teeth. However, in all cases of the present study, skin sensitivity in the lip/chin region returned to normal. The clinician must be particularly careful when performing apical surgery of second premolars due to the proximity of the mental foramen.
To assess and compare the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth when the retrograde preparations were restored either with Biodentine or Endosequence BC RRM Fast set putty or Geristore.

One hundred and twenty human mandibular premolars were used and allocated randomly into five groups (n=24 each). Following conventional root canal treatment, and apical root resection, retrograde cavities of 3 mm were prepared using ultrasonic tips. Group 1 (intact, sound teeth), Group 2 (without rootend filling), Groups 3, 4 and 5were allocated for Biodentine, Endosequence BC RRM putty, and Geristore respectively. Thermo-mechanical cyclic loading (TMC) was performed for one section of samples in each group (n=12 each) following which immediate and after TMC fracture resistance was evaluated using the Instron machine. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple post-hoc procedures was used for data analysis.

Intact teeth had shown the highest fracture strength values than all other four groups (P<0.05) and resected roots without root-end filling group exhibited the lowest resistance to fracture.
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