Notes

Tuning your sorption capability associated with hydroxyapatite/carbon hybrids for that multiple remediation regarding wastewaters made up of organic-inorganic contaminants.
The reference intervals of serum GCA are 0.24 - 1.14 μg/mL in the first and second trimesters (combined) and 0.00 - 2.04 μg/mL in the third trimester.

Gestational age-specific reference intervals of serum TBA and GCA for pregnant Chinese were derived in strict accordance with CLSI C28-A3 guidelines, which will be valuable for early diagnosis of ICP.
Gestational age-specific reference intervals of serum TBA and GCA for pregnant Chinese were derived in strict accordance with CLSI C28-A3 guidelines, which will be valuable for early diagnosis of ICP.
Anticoagulation of pregnant woman with mechanical prosthetic heart valves is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks.

We describe a case of dorsal midline dysplasia in a fetus at 11 weeks' gestation. The mother was receiving warfarin therapy at a dose of 7.5 mg daily following a mechanical mitral valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease.

Histological assessment revealed a meningocele with hemorrhage. No cerebellar or cerebral tissue was present in the skull confirming anencephaly.

A multidisciplinary approach in pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves is essential in order to improve fetal outcomes.
A multidisciplinary approach in pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves is essential in order to improve fetal outcomes.
Switching to new infectious disease blood donor screening assays can precipitate an initial decrease in specificity in an established donor population followed by an increase of specificity, referred to as a "cleaning effect". We developed a mathematical model to simulate this and to measure the stabilization of specificity.

A modified exponential distribution curve was created to show the impact of donation frequency on the cleaning of the donor pool. Other parameters (e.g., number of donations from repeat donors/donations per month, average and minimum times between donations, retention of regular repeat donors, ratio of false positives for regular repeat donors/first-time donors and specificity of newly introduced assays) were also used to simulate the rise and fall in number of additional false positives. The mathematical model created was compared with real-world data from a South African blood donation center.

In the mathematical model, the degree and duration of the cleaning effect were influenced by certain parameters. A longer time interval between donations resulted in a higher number of deferred blood donations than a shorter time interval, if deferred after a 1st, 2nd or 3rd false positive result prior to a stable plateau of specificity. Real-world data on false positive, discarded donations from a South African blood donation center were consistent with numbers from the mathematical model.

The mathematical model can identify and describe any "cleaning effect" observed upon switching to a new infectious disease blood screening assay, allowing affected blood donation centers to prepare and adjust, while specificity is stabilized.
The mathematical model can identify and describe any "cleaning effect" observed upon switching to a new infectious disease blood screening assay, allowing affected blood donation centers to prepare and adjust, while specificity is stabilized.Ureteral metastasis from prostate cancer is rare. The present case report describes an 83-year-old patient with distant metastasis of prostate cancer to the right ureter that caused hydronephrosis. Upon initial examination at our hospital, he presented with a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 10.0 ng/ml. He was diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, with Gleason score of 10 (5＋5) and clinical staging of cT2aN0M0. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was performed after 1 year and 7 months of androgen depriation therapy. At 1 year and 4 months after IMRT, PSA increased to 3.068 ng/ml. Computed tomography scan revealed right hydronephrosis and thickening of the right ureter. We could not identify obvious malignant cells on ureteroscopic biopsy, and right nephroureterectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed ureteral metastasis of prostate cancer. Six months after nephroureterectomy, PSA increased to 3.037 ng/ml. He was diagnosed with castration-resistant prostate cancer and has been treated with enzalutamide.A 62-year-old man was treated for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) ; however, his condition progressed. The patient planned to visit our department for treatment, including palliative care. However, he visited the emergency room with a complaint of a persistent nose bleed just before visiting our department. He had an active nose bleed, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and leukoerythroblastosis upon admission. After hospitalization, we performed a bone marrow puncture and biopsy to investigate the cause of the DIC, which revealed a dry tap and hypoplastic bone marrow. This was believed to be due to the progression of CRPC. He developed wheals upon receiving repeated platelet transfusions for the DIC. Although we administered antihistamine and steroids to control these side effects, he additionally developed chills and fever. Because of the difficulty in controlling side effects, we decided to use washed platelets. Thereafter, blood transfusions of washed platelets were performed without the occurrence of side effects. However, the patient died because of the worsening of his condition.While robot-assisted radical cystoprostatectomy (RARC) for locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) may sometimes prove to be excessive treatment, it can significantly reduce the risk of positive surgical margins and lower urinary tract obstruction in some cases. Here, we report a case of LAPC treated with RARC in a patient with right hydronephrosis due to bladder infiltration and left hypoplastic kidney. A 71-year-old man presented with frequent urination in August 2019. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.633 ng/ml, and magnetic resonance imaging led to the suspicion that the prostate cancer extended beyond the prostate capsule without distant metastasis. Prostatic biopsy revealed Gleason score 10 (5＋5) adenocarcinoma in 8 out of 8 specimens. We diagnosed left hypoplastic kidney and LAPC with right hydronephrosis due to bladder infiltration. We performed percutaneous right nephrostomy and started neoadjuvant hormone therapy. RARC and intracorporeal ileal conduit were performed in March 2020. The prostate was adherent to the anterior surface of the rectum and was difficult to remove. At present, five months after the surgery, the patient remains free of recurrence and metastasis with PSA level ＜0.003 ng/ml. RARC for LAPC with bladder infiltration can be an effective therapeutic strategy in some cases.A 22-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for further examination of an incidentally discovered hypervascular pelvic tumor with a maximum diameter of 10 cm. Although Castleman disease was suspected based on the imaging findings and pathologic findings of the needle biopsy, a definitive diagnosis was not made. Preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization was performed to decrease intraoperative bleeding, and tumor resection was performed on the following day. As for posterior approach prior to anterior approach, the patient was placed in a prone position, and the dorsal aspect of tumor was approached through the dissection of gluteal muscles. Then, dilated branches of the internal iliac vein was found on the tumor capsule, which were safely ligated under direct vision with favorable visual field. Then, the patient was placed in a supine position, the tumor was completely resected by anterior approach without transfusion. Histopathological diagnosis was Castleman disease hyaline vascular type. The patient was discharged without complication and has been free from recurrence for 6 months after surgery.We report the case of a 61-year-old man who was incidentally diagnosed with a left pelvic ectopic kidney with renal tumor. selleck chemicals Computed tomography showed a hypervascular tumor at the posterior surface of the ectopic kidney with five arterial and two venous supply vessels. On preoperative examination, this patient had respiratory dysfunction. For these reasons, an open radical nephrectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed a clear cell renal cell carcinoma, pT1aN0M0, G1, and a Fuhrman nuclear grading system grade of G2. No evidence of disease was observed 15 months after surgery.We report a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis in the thigh induced by emphysematous pyelonephritis due to a staghorn stone. A 60-year-old female was diagnosed with a staghorn stone in the right kidney at another clinic. We referred her to another hospital for indication of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. However, she chose not to visit the hospital. One year and three months later, she was transported to the emergencyward of our hospital because of a high fever and right hip joint pain. The diagnosis of right emphysematous pyelonephritis with a perinephric abscess was diagnosed by computed tomography. Transurethral ureteral stenting and percutaneous abscess drainage were performed and her condition improved. However, two weeks after the initial treatment, she developed swelling and pain in the right thigh. Computed tomographyrevealed multiple areas of gas in the right thigh and urgent debridement was performed. Escherichia coli was isolated from the cultures of urine and debrided tissues. The patient received several treatments, including two additional debridements, negative pressure wound therapy, and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Three months after the first debridement, the open wound of the right thigh was completely closed. Necrotizing fasciitis in the thigh due to emphysematous pyelonephritis is very rare. A favorable outcome was obtained byprompt debridement and negative pressure wound therapyin this case.A pathologic kidney with hydronephrosis is prone to rupture after minor trauma to the renal pelvis ; however, it is controversial whether drainage, such as nephrostomy and ureteral stenting, should be performed in this setting. Herein we report traumatic rupture of the renal pelvis in 2 patients with ureteropelvic junction stenosis at two centers. Case 1 A 15-year-old boy sustained a blunt injury on his left back while playing football. His family physician referred the patient to our hospital for suspected left renal injury. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed left hydronephrosis and fluid accumulation in the left retroperitoneal space, which led to a diagnosis of rupture of the left renal pelvis. The patient was treated conservatively ; however, fluid accumulation around the kidney worsened. A ureteral stent was placed, and the patient's renal colic and imaging findings improved. Case 2 A 13-yearold boy fell and bruised his abdomen while playing soccer. He was unable to walk because of pain, and was brought to our hospital by ambulance. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed left hydronephrosis and fluid accumulation in the left retroperitoneal space, which led to a diagnosis of rupture of the left renal pelvis. A ureteral stent was placed on the same day, and the patient's renal colic improved.
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