Notes

A study of depression, alliance as well as sexual joy in people along with post-traumatic olfactory issues.
mic testing in providing diagnoses. Larger prospective studies are warranted, which should explore the causes and clinical correlates of post-TBI autonomic dysfunction.
A possible role of antibody-drug conjugates against tumors with low HER2-expression, leads to the emergence of a new "low-HER2" classification in breast cancer, encompassing tumors from the hormonal-receptor-positive and the triple-negative subgroups. There is a need for data (clinical trial data and real-world evidence) that will accurately describe this population, the risk of recurrence and the possible benefit of HER2 targeted therapies.

We retrospectively analyzed 949 patients from our Department databases, with hormonal receptor-positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer, for whom detailed data for immunohistochemical HER2-staining could be retrieved.

HER2-low expression was detected in 66.6% of patients (472 IHC +1 and 160 IHC +2 and ISH-negative). Lobular, or mixed lobular and ductal cancers had a statistically significantly lower chance of being HER2-low when compared to pure infiltrative ductal carcinomas (53.1% vs. 69.3% respectively). HER2-low status was not prognostic for recurrence-frential additional treatment strategy to improve survival of this group.
Recently, several studies have reported that CD103
T cells are associated with antitumor immunity in gastric cancer (GC). However, the significance of CD103
T cells in Borrmann type 4 GC remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the association of CD103
T cells with type 4 GC.

Tissue samples obtained from surgically resected specimens of patients with type 4 GC were collected, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the presence of CD103
T cells.

A total of 46 patients were analyzed. In some patients, high CD103 expression was observed, and patients with high CD103 expression tended to have a better prognosis than those with low CD103 expression. In particular, for patients who receive doublet chemotherapy after surgery, high CD103 expression was associated with a good prognosis.

CD103
T cells may be a prognostic marker in type 4 GC.
CD103 + T cells may be a prognostic marker in type 4 GC.
To report the detection of dysplastic crypts in asymmetric branching (DCAB) in biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

One hundred consecutive endoscopic biopsies from patients with UC undergoing surveillance were reviewed.

Three biopsy/cases showed DCAB. The frequency of DCAB varied from two in one case, three in another case, and five in the remaining case.

The final outcome of DCAB is to generate two or more dysplastic asymmetric offspring-crypts. Repeated DCAB offspring formation, together with new DCAB, would boost the pool of dysplastic crypts, resulting in an exponential expansion of the mucosal area occupied by dysplasia in UC.
The final outcome of DCAB is to generate two or more dysplastic asymmetric offspring-crypts. Repeated DCAB offspring formation, together with new DCAB, would boost the pool of dysplastic crypts, resulting in an exponential expansion of the mucosal area occupied by dysplasia in UC.
Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is a well-established treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients following response to initial chemoradiotherapy. The benefit of PCI does, however, come at the cost of cognitive decline. This has been attributed to radiation-induced toxicity at the hippocampus, a crucial anatomic area for cognition. Modern radiotherapy techniques allow dose reduction at the hippocampal region. In this review, the safety profile, effect on cognition, and changes on brain imaging modalities of hippocampal avoidance-PCI (HA-PCI) will be presented, aiming to identify a potential clinical rationale for SCLC patients.

A systematic review of the literature was performed in Pubmed, Cochrane library databases and ClinicalTrials.gov with no past date limitations until 07/01/2022. Principles as outlined in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement were followed.

Eight studies published from 2015 to 2021 were included.

HA-PCI is safe, yet its effect on neurocognition and imaging remains unclear, as studies have shown contradictory results.
HA-PCI is safe, yet its effect on neurocognition and imaging remains unclear, as studies have shown contradictory results.
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) isolated from serum by noninvasive procedures can serve as a potential biomarker for the early detection of many cancers. The aim of this study was to implement a simple, yet effective quantitative method for measuring the cfDNA in serum and to investigate the relationship between cfDNA and the occurrence of recurrence in breast cancer (BrCa) patients.

A total of 240 cases were selected, which comprised different subtypes of BrCa patients and control individuals. We selected 20 serum samples from patients which showed recurrence after 4-7 years of disease-free survival. SYBR green was used as a reporter molecule to estimate the amount of cfDNA in these serum samples.

A global Wilcoxon analysis was performed to compare the cfDNA abundance between non-recurrent and recurrent patients. The amount of cfDNA was higher in recurrent patients (recurrent vs. non-recurrent ratio=1.3; p=0.03; AUC=0.76) compared to non-recurrent patients. The data between normal/healthy controls annon or at the very least, serves as an identifier for the potential of recurrence.
Estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress (E-PASS) is reported to be useful as a predictor of postoperative complications and poor long-term survival after colorectal cancer. The total risk points (TRP) system is a simplified scoring system of E-PASS, and this study evaluated the utility of TRP in colorectal cancer resection in older patients.

The clinicopathological data of 237 patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The data were compared between a high TRP group (≥1,000, n=38) and a low TRP group (<1,000, n=199). We also conducted an analysis to determine risk factors of postoperative complications and poor long-term survival.

TRP showed statistically significant correlations with the comprehensive risk score (CRS) of E-PASS (R=0.999, p<0.001). The high TRP group experienced postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥2) more frequently (42.1% vs. 11.1%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that high TRP [odds ratio (OR)=5.214; 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=2.338-11.629; p<0.001] and age ≥80 (OR=2.760; 95%CI=1.308-5.826; p=0.008) were independent predictors of postoperative complications. Overall survival (OS) was poor in the high TRP group (5-year OS, 61.2% vs. 82.6%, p<0.001) compared with the low TRP group, and in the low prognostic nutritional index (<45) group (5-year OS, 70.9% vs. 86.3%, p=0.013) compared with the high prognostic nutritional index (≥45) group. Multivariate analysis showed that high TRP [hazard ratio (HR)=3.202; 95%CI=1.324-7,745; p=0.010] was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS.

Patients aged ≥80 years should be closely monitored regarding postoperative complications. Reducing TRP to less than 1,000 is important to reduce postoperative complications and improve OS.
Patients aged ≥80 years should be closely monitored regarding postoperative complications. Reducing TRP to less than 1,000 is important to reduce postoperative complications and improve OS.
We investigated pre-operative factors for predicting whether renal masses are benign in order to facilitate the selection of optimal candidates for pre-operative biopsy.

We evaluated 278 patients with renal masses suspected to be clinically T1 or T2 renal cell carcinoma. All patients had undergone a partial or radical nephrectomy. Pre-operative parameters, including patient characteristics, tumor size, and blood tests, were utilized to predict which lesions were benign.

Twenty-five lesions (9.0%) were benign. Multivariate analysis showed that female sex [odds ratio (OR)=2.92, p=0.016], serum albumin ≥4.3 g/dl (OR=3.50, p=0.013), and tumor size <23 mm (OR=3.96, p=0.002) were significant independent factors for benign renal masses. IAP antagonist The incidence of benign lesions in cases with all three factors (female sex, higher serum albumin, and smaller tumor size) was 4 of 16 (25.0%), which was significantly higher (p=0.037) than that in all cases (25/278; 9.0%).

Relatively high pre-operative serum albumin levels may be a predictor of benign lesions when associated with female sex and smaller tumor size.
Relatively high pre-operative serum albumin levels may be a predictor of benign lesions when associated with female sex and smaller tumor size.
We previously reported the usefulness of aberrant methylation of tumor suppressive miRNAs in bile to discriminate pancreaticobiliary cancers (PBCs) from benign pancreaticobiliary diseases (BD). Here we performed a methylation analysis of plasma miRNAs to identify miRNAs specific for PBCs.

Plasma was collected from 80 patients with pancreatic cancer (PC); 18 with biliary tract cancer (BTC) and 28 with BD. Sequences encoding 3 tumor suppressive miRNAs (miR-200a, -200b, and -1247) were PCR amplified and sequenced, and their methylation rates were determined.

The methylation rate of miR-1247 was significantly higher in patients with BTC than in those with BD, and tended to be higher in patients with PC than in those with BD. Furthermore, it was significantly higher in three patients with stages I/II BTC than in those with BD.

Methylation of miR-1247 in plasma may be useful to distinguish BTC from BD.
Methylation of miR-1247 in plasma may be useful to distinguish BTC from BD.
Antiangiogenic chemotherapy is the backbone of the various anticancer therapies. To date no practical biomarker predicting their antitumor effects and toxicity has been reported. We aimed to determine the feasibility of direct retinal observation as a practical biomarker in antiangiogenic chemotherapy.

By direct retinal observation using a nonmydriatic retinal camera, we measured retinal microvessel diameters in 10 patients with colorectal cancer before and after intravenous infusion of bevacizumab and oxaliplatin. All patients also received oral capecitabine during their therapy.

Retinal microvessel diameters were decreased from baseline temporarily by 14.5±6.5% after infusion of bevacizumab and oxaliplatin in five patients who responded to treatment and 8.8±6.2% in the other five patients (p=0.008).

Measurement of retinal microvessel diameters by direct observation appears to be feasible in patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. The decrease of retinal microvessel diameters might indicate improved tumor response to treatment with bevacizumab-containing systemic chemotherapy.
Measurement of retinal microvessel diameters by direct observation appears to be feasible in patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. The decrease of retinal microvessel diameters might indicate improved tumor response to treatment with bevacizumab-containing systemic chemotherapy.
Primary mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (PMNSGCTs) are occasionally complicated by a hematologic malignancy, as with somatic-type malignant tumors called germ cell tumors with somatic-type malignancy (GCTSTM) and are known to have a poor prognosis.

Data obtained between September 1997 and February 2020 for patients with mediastinal germ cell tumor at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Key outcome measures included survival rates and the clinical features of non-seminoma cases.

Of 16 patients, 9 had pure seminoma, and 7 had non-seminoma. At the median follow-up of 56.2 months, the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with seminoma (100%) than in those with non-seminoma (37%) (log-rank test, p=0.0153). Regarding PMNSGCT, two patients evolved into GCTSTM and three had concomitant hematological malignancies.

Patients with PMNSGCTs, GCTSTM complications, and hematologic malignancies showed poor survival, suggesting the need for the development of treatment strategies.
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