Notes

ELTD1 Initial Triggers the Endothelial-EMT Transition with a Myofibroblast Phenotype.
7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The wound healing property was evaluated by histopathological examination and by measuring the wound contraction. The % of wound area in rats treated with FA (2%) loaded microemulsion based gel ranged from 69.30% to 41.39% in the period from 3 to 10 days. In conclusion, FA loaded microemulsion based gel could be offered as encouraging strategy as dermal systems for the burn wound treatment. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Objectives The DISCOVER study is a global, prospective, three- year- observational (non-interventional) study that was conducted in 37 countries throughout the world including Saudi Arabia and aimed to assess variations in treatment patterns and therapeutic outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients. The current manuscript is reporting data of DISCOVER study across different health sectors of various provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods In this study, 519 Saudi type 2 diabetics, non-insulin users, aged 18 years or older, initiating second line therapy, were selected from nine health institutes, in four out of five provinces in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected at baseline (initiation of 2nd line therapy) by the treating physician using an electronic case report form (eCRF) via a web-based data capture system. Each selected subject was asked to complete four self-administered questionnaires. Results The mean age of the studied population was 52.4 ± 11 years. Among the subjects selected from the nine medical centers, 55% were men, with almost 65% between the ages of 46 and 65 years. The oral agent used as 1st line in the majority of patients was metformin, prescribed in 89.2% of the study cohort. In the second line, sitagliptin was the most frequently used, at 61.8%. followed by gliclazide, glibenclamide, and glimepiride at 35.6%, 13.1%, and 12.7%, respectively. Conclusion Metformin, with or without sulfonylureas, is the most commonly prescribed first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, managed either in governmental institutions, or in the private sector. The most common second line drugs were DPP4 inhibitors, mainly sitagliptin, followed by the third and second generation of sulfonylureas. Drug affordability was not an issue, since the vast majority of the patients received medication free of charge. © 2020 The Author(s).The amount of polysorbate 80 in pharmaceutical formulations affects the product quality and efficacy. A reliable test method is required to quantify the amount of Polysorbate 80 present in the drug product formulations. The test method for the determination of Polysorbate 80 may be used during process development and final product quality assessment. A simple, fast and efficient quantitative method, making use of HPLC-ELSD and a C18 column without sample pretreatment was developed. The developed method demonstrated specificity to polysorbate 80 with high precision as indicated by percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 3.0% for six determinations. The accuracy of this method for the determination of polysorbate 80 in a pharmaceutical formulation was demonstrated with an overall recovery of 94.9%. © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Purpose Understanding the appearance of anti-tubercular drug-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients receiving tuberculosis (TB) treatment is important, and may be related to morbidity and mortality if not recognized early. Here, we aimed to characterize the mechanisms underlying adverse drug reactions due to combination anti-tuberculosis therapy of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP). Methods This was a prospective observational study conducted in 9 DOTS centers of New Delhi, India. All enrolled TB patients receiving first-line tuberculosis treatment as per RNTCP guidelines were monitored for ADRs. All ADRs that appeared during the treatment were recorded and analyzed. Results The study included 1011 TB patients on anti-TB treatment under DOTS. According to Naranjo's probability scale, of a total 351 (34.72%) reported adverse events, 102 (10.09%) were definite, 59 (5.83%) probable, 123 (12.17%) possible, and 67 (6.63%) doubtful. On the Hartwig severity scale, of the 351 adverse drug events, 225 (22.26%) were mild, 105 (10.38%) were moderate, and 21 (2.08%) were severe. Out of 102 reported adverse drug reactions, 81 (79.41%) were moderate and 21 (20.59%), while 65.28% did not experience any ADRs. Conclusions Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) is effective and safe compared to daily treatment regimens. Patients receiving DOTS therapy needed close monitoring for adverse events. Therefore, a pharmacovigilance program should be added at the National level to accesses the adverse event incidence. Cobimetinib datasheet © 2020 The Authors.The aim of these studies was to determine the miscibility of different API with lipid excipients to predict drug loading and encapsulation properties for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Five API exhibiting different physicochemical characteristics, viz., clarithromycin, efavirenz, minocycline hydrochloride, mometasone furoate, and didanosine were used and six solid lipids in addition to four liquid lipids were investigated. Determination of solid and liquid lipids with the best solubilization potential for each API were performed using a traditional shake-flask method and/or a modification thereof. Hansen solubility parameters of the API and different solid and liquid lipids were estimated from their chemical structure using Hiroshi Yamamoto's molecular breaking method of Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice software. Experimental results were in close agreement with solubility parameter predictions for systems with ΔδT less then 4.0 MPa1/2. A combination of Hansen solubility parameters with experimental drug-lipid miscibility tests can be successfully applied to predict lipids with the best solubilizing potential for different API prior to manufacture of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. © 2020 The Author(s).Vascular endothelial dysfunction is caused by dyslipidemia, hypertension, and deficiency of antioxidant systems. In this study, the protective effect of a flavonol, morin was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia and vascular endothelium dysfunction. The dose-dependent attenuating effect of morin was tested at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day in an in-vivo model of HFD-induced dyslipidemia using rats whereas vascular endothelial reactivity was assessed in isolated rat aorta using ex-vivo organ bath setup. Morin administration in HFD-induced dyslipidemic rats for three weeks, resulted in a significant decrease in the body weight, LW/BW ratio as compared to rats treated with HFD only where the increase in body weight was observed. Significant reduction in the waist, BMI and lee index was also observed after morin treatment in HFD-induced dyslipidemic rats. In the lipid profile studies, HFD group showed a significant increase in the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL levels while HDL levels were decreased significantly, whereas morin treatment reversed all these parameters which were comparable to standard diet (SD) group. In the ex-vivo isolated aorta studies, HFD-induced endothelium dysfunction was observed, whereas it was reversed in the aorta of animals treated with morin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, comparable to SD group. Morin treatment produced dose-dependent improvement in lipid profile and vascular endothelium protection, thus rationalizing its medicinal use in dyslipidemia and cardiovascular-related endothelial disorders. © 2020 The Author(s).PTMC-PEG-PTMC triblock copolymers were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) in the presence of dihydroxylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with Mn of 6000 and 10,000 as macro-initiator. The copolymers with different PTMC block Lengths and the two PEGs were end functionalized with acryloyl chloride. The resulting diacrylated PEG-PTMC-DA and PEG-DA were characterized by using NMR, GPC and DSC. The degree of substitution of end groups varied from 50.0 to 65.1%. Hydrogels were prepared by photo-crosslinking PEG-PTMC-DA and PEG-DA in aqueous solution using a water soluble photo-initiator under visible light irradiation. The effects of PTMC and PEG block lengths and degree of substitution on the swelling and weight loss of hydrogels were determined. Higher degree of substitution leads to higher crosslinking density, and thus to lower degree of swelling and weight loss. Similarly, higher PTMC block length also leads to lower degree of swelling and weight loss. Freeze dried hydrogels 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Otostegia fruticosa, a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is endemic to Ethiopia. In Ethiopian traditional medicine, O. fruticosa has been used for the treatment of several respiratory-related disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the bronchodilatory and antimicrobial activities of O. fruticosa leaves crude extract (Of.Cr). Ex-vivo experiments were conducted on guinea-pig trachea provided with physiological oxygenated buffer solution using emkaBath setup. The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of.Cr, showed the presence of terpenes, fragrance components, saponins, and higher fatty acids. Of.Cr when tested on contracted tracheal chains with carbamylcholine (CCh, 1 µM) and high K+ (80 mM) produced relaxation by showing higher potency against CCh with incomplete inhibition of high K+. Dicyclomine, used as a positive control, also showed selectively higher potency to inhibit CCh when compared with its effect against K+. In the anticholinergic curves, Of.Cr ate-gated Ca++ channels. © 2020 The Author(s).Background A visually impaired person typically faces countless challenges throughout their daily activities. These challenges can include medication safety and efficacy. Few studies have addressed the issues of safety and pattern of medication usage in visually impaired patients, or the need to apply Braille labeling to medications dispensed to these patients. Objective To explore the medication use pattern in severely visually impaired and blind patients living in Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate the need for Braille labeling on medication dispensed to these patients. Method The merits of the proposal and its alignment with national regulations were evaluated and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). This cross-sectional study was conducted through open- and closed-ended questionnaires that were distributed to 215 visually impaired people, aged 18 years and above, dispersed throughout different cities within the kingdom. Result The sample population was equally distributed in terms ofon of Braille labeling to medications is warranted. The use of Braille labeling on medications may improve drug treatment regimes, minimize medications errors, and promote independence in these individuals (through self-administration of medications). The addition of technology to the printed Braille labeling can advance the pharmaceutical care services provided and improve the life quality of patients. © 2020 The Author(s).
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