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Atomic-Scale Probing with the Mechanics regarding Sodium Transfer and Intercalation-Induced Period Changes within MoS₂.
9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6, P = .04), improved sharpness (0.35 ± 0.03 vs. 0.32 ± 0.05, P = .01), and a higher number of diagnostic segments (100% vs. 94%, P = .03) compared with the conventional sequence. There were no significant differences between the sequences in terms of image quality (2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.2, P = .08), upslope index (0.11 ± 0.02 vs. 0.10 ± 0.01, P = .3), or contrast ratio (3.28 ± 0.35 vs. 3.36 ± 0.43, P = .7). Conclusion A pseudorandom k-space undersampling compatible with SMS-bSSFP and CS reconstruction has been developed and enables cardiac MR perfusion imaging with increased spatial resolution and myocardial coverage, increased number of diagnostic segments and perceived SNR, and no difference in image quality, upslope index, and contrast ratio.Purpose Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging using EPI readout is prone to image distortions in the presence of field inhomogeneities. In this work, a framework to analyze and correct image distortions in cardiac diffusion tensor imaging is presented. Methods A multi-coil reconstruction framework was implemented to enable field map-based off-resonance correction. AP26113 mw Numerical simulations were used to examine reconstruction performance for EPI phase-encode directions blip up-down and down-up for different degrees of off-resonance gradients and varying field map resolution. The impact of coil encoding was analyzed using the g-factor and normalized RMSE. Finally, the proposed method was tested on free-breathing in vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging data acquired in healthy subjects at 3 Tesla. Results Depending on the local field map gradient strength and polarity and the selected phase-encode direction, field inhomogeneities lead to either local spatial compression or stretching with standard image reconstruction. Although spatial compression results in loss of image resolution upon field map-based reconstruction, spatial stretching can be recovered once multiple receive coils are utilized. Multi-coil reconstruction was found to reduce the normalized RMSE from 34.3% to 8.1% for image compression, and 33.6% to 1.8% for image stretching, with resulting average g-factors 14.7 ± 2.9 and 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively. In vivo, multi-coil field map-based reconstruction yielded improved alignment of angle maps with anatomical cine data. Conclusion Multi-coil, field map-based image reconstruction for echo-planar cardiac diffusion tensor imaging allows accurate image reconstruction provided that the phase-encode direction and polarity is chosen to principally align with the direction and polarity of the prominent gradients of field inhomogeneities.Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and it is becoming a prevalent malignancy. Most of the regular clinical examinations are prompt evaluations with cystoscopy, renal function testing, which require high-precision instrument, well-trained operators, and high cost. In this study, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was fabricated to detect nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and bladder cancer antigen (BTA) from the urine samples. Urine samples were collected from 11 bladder cancer patients and 10 well-beings as experiment and control groups, respectively, to verify the working efficiency of μPAD. A remarkable checkout efficiency of up to 90.91% was found from the results. Meanwhile, this method is feasible for home-based self-detection from urine samples within 10 min for the total process, which provides a new way for quick, economical, and convenient tumor diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and drug response.Introduction The entry point of the central retinal artery (CRA) into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve posterior to the globe has been studied and debated for more than one hundred years. The authors have supervised an orbital anatomy course for more than two decades. This article summarizes previous studies of the CRA and presents the results of dissections of 67 orbits. Materials and methods Heads were hemisected prior to dissection at the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. link2 The authors measured the entry point of the CRA with a caliper and noted the meridional orientation of the CRA. Results The mean entry point was 10.65 mm posterior to the globe, with a range of 5 to 18 mm. Most commonly, the CRA entered the sheath in the inferior meridian, but some entered slightly inferomedially or inferolaterally. Conclusions The entry point of the CRA into the sheath of the optic nerve is variable, and without detailed angiography the clinician cannot know the course of the CRA prior to performing invasive intraorbital procedures. Knowledge of common variations in CRA entry into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve should help to minimize injury during surgery.Adolescents with single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) exhibit mood and cognitive deficits, which may result from injury to the basal ganglia structures, including the caudate nuclei. However, the integrity of the caudate in SVHD adolescents is unclear. Our aim was to examine the global and regional caudate volumes, and evaluate the relationships between caudate volumes and cognitive and mood scores in SVHD and healthy adolescents. We acquired two high-resolution T1-weighted images from 23 SVHD and 37 controls using a 3.0-Tesla MRI scanner, as well as assessed mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]; Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]) and cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]; Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning-2; General Memory Index [GMI]) functions. Both left and right caudate nuclei were outlined, which were then used to calculate and compare volumes between groups using ANCOVA (covariates age, gender, and head-size), as well as perform 3D surface morphometry. Partial correlations (covariates age, gender, and head-size) were used to examine associations between caudate volumes, cognition, and mood scores in SVHD and controls. SVHD subjects showed significantly higher PHQ-9 and BAI scores, indicating more depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as reduced GMI scores, suggesting impaired cognition, compared to controls. SVHD patients showed significantly reduced caudate volumes (left, 3,198.8 ± 490.1 vs. 3,605.0 ± 480.4 mm3 , p less then 0.004; right, 3,162.1 ± 475.4 vs. 3,504.8 ± 465.9 mm3 , p less then 0.011) over controls, and changes were localized in the rostral, mid-dorsolateral, and caudal areas. Significant negative correlations emerged between caudate volumes with PHQ-9 and BAI scores and positive correlations with GMI and MoCA scores in SVHD and controls. SVHD adolescents show significantly reduced caudate volumes, especially in sites that have projections to regulate mood and cognition, which may result from developmental and/or hypoxia-/ischemia-induced processes.Background The cleaning operation of extra-virgin olive oil, subsequent to its extraction, is generally performed by means of a vertical disc stack centrifuge separator causing qualitative damage due to increased oxidative alterations. However, previous works have demonstrated the great opportunity that settling represents in order to improve the EVOO quality performing the separation operation with minimal qualitative damage. Results A new patented prototype device (RS) has been used in the cleaning operation of extra-virgin olive comparing physical and chemical characterization of extra-virgin olive oil after 48 h from extraction and after 180 d of shelf-life. In addition, the results have been compared with those obtained using an assisted sedimentation plant (AS) and an enhanced sedimentation (H) plant from previous Authors' works, in order to assess the improvement of extra-virgin olive oil quality that could be attained with respect to the use of the vertical disc stack centrifuge separator. Conclusion The results show that after 48 h of storage the tested patented prototype device seems to be preferable, however, after 180 d of storage, the difference between H and RS device results similar in terms of improvement of the final olive oil quality. In addition, the method of principal component analysis can be used to evaluate the suitability of an olive cv. in terms of quality of extracted oil. This article is protected by copyright. link3 All rights reserved.Introduction The most common neuromuscular ultrasound abnormality in carpal tunnel syndrome is enlargement of the median nerve near the distal wrist crease, but sometimes the median nerve enlarges in the palm, just distal to the transverse carpal ligament. This study was conducted to devise a protocol for measuring the median nerve in the palm and to generate reference values for nerve cross-sectional area at this site. Methods A systematic protocol was developed, 30 healthy individuals underwent ultrasound of the median nerve in the palm bilaterally, and cross-sectional area was recorded. Results The mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the palm was between 11.4 mm2 (95%CI [10.398,12.402]) and 11.6 mm2 (95%CI [10.634,12.566]). Discussion The median nerve can be measured just distal to the hook of the hamate in the palm, and the mean cross-sectional area at this site is slightly larger than it is at the distal wrist crease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Right ventricular (RV) failure is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. However, it remains unclear whether LVAD implantation could worsen RV function. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of LVAD implantation on RV function by comparing RV energetics derived from the RV pressure-volume curve between before and after LVAD implantation. This exploratory observational study was performed between September 2016 and January 2018 at a national center in Japan. Twenty-two patients who underwent LVAD implantation were included in the analysis. We measured RV energetics parameters RV stroke work index (RVSWI), which was calculated by integrating the area within the RV pressure-volume curve; RV minute work index (RVMWI), which was calculated as RVSWI × heart rate; and right ventriculo-arterial coupling, which was estimated as RV stroke volume/RV end-systolic volume. We compared RV energetics between before and after LVAD implantation. Although RVSWI was similar [424.4 mmHg･ml/m2 (269.5- 510.3) vs. 379.9 mmHg･ml/m2 (313.1-608.8), P = 0.485], RVMWI was significantly higher after LVAD implantation [29,834.1 mmHg･ml/m2 /min (18,272.2-36,357.1) vs. 38,544.8 mmHg･ml/m2 /min (29,016.0-57,282.8), P = 0.001], corresponding to a significantly higher cardiac index [2.0 l/min/m2 (1.4-2.2) vs. 3.7 l/min/m2 (3.3-4.1), P less then 0.001] to match LVAD flow. Right ventriculo-arterial coupling was significantly higher after LVAD implantation [0.360 (0.224-0.506) vs. 0.480 (0.343-0.669), P = 0.025], suggesting that the efficiency of RV performance improved. In conclusion, higher RVMWI with higher cardiac index to match LVAD flow and improved efficiency of RV performance indicate that LVAD implantation might not worsen RV function.Retrograde type A dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair has been a major drawback of endovascular treatment. This study investigated the biomechanical mechanism of stent-graft induced new lesions after implantation and analyzed the relationship between radial force and spring-back force of the stent graft when it was implanted virtually under different oversizing ratios. Based on the computed tomography angiography images, a three-dimensional geometric model of a patient-specific aortic dissection was established. The stent was designed in CAD software, and the stent graft implantation procedure under different oversizing ratios were simulated in finite element analysis software. Implantation simulations were performed 6 times for each stent graft model under 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% oversizing ratios, and the peak stress of the aorta was compared among groups. It was observed that the peak stress of the aorta was located where the proximal bare stent interacted with aortic wall, and its value was increased by 62.
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