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Mobile YouTube viewing (37.0 percent of children) was more likely in children who used Android devices, shared mobile devices with family members, were older, attended home-based childcare, or had parents with lower educational attainment. Median YouTube duration was 61.2 min/day, with longer durations in children whose parents had lower educational attainment. These results demonstrate that many young children use free video-sharing platforms on mobile devices for long durations, and this practice may be disproportionately higher in children from lower socioeconomic status. Longitudinal research is needed on video-sharing platform viewing and child outcomes.This article summarizes a collaboration between the Illinois Department of Corrections and an academic partner, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing (UIC Nursing), to deliver a quality improvement (QI) and patient safety plan to the state. Included is a description of the need for meaningful data-driven QI as a method to deliver health care to the incarcerated population. An overview of the assessment, gap analysis, and collaboration between partners to develop a mission, vision, and performance dashboard with a beginning set of measures is presented. The dashboard with performance measures was developed to highlight the priorities of the organization and to focus improvement work to meet those goals. Next step recommendations for UIC Nursing to consult on implementation priorities and training are described.The ability to program in R, an open-source statistical program, is increasingly valued across job markets, including ecology. The benefits of teaching R to undergraduates are abundant, but learning to code in R may induce anxiety for students, potentially leading to negative learning outcomes and disengagement. Anecdotes suggest a gender differential in programming anxiety, with women experiencing greater anxiety. Currently, we do not know the extent to which programming anxiety exists in our undergraduate biology classrooms, whether it differs by gender, and what instructors can do to alleviate it. Instructor immediacy has been shown to mediate related anxieties such as quantitative and computer anxiety. Likewise, students' use of adaptive coping strategies may mitigate anxieties. We investigated students' R anxiety within a lower-division ecology course and explored its relationships with gender, instructor immediacy, classroom engagement, and reported coping strategies. Women reported significantly higher R anxiety than men, a gap that narrowed, yet persisted over the semester. In addition, several specific coping skills were associated with decreases in R anxiety and increases in self-concept and sense of control; these differed by gender identity. Our findings can guide future work to identify interventions that lessen programming anxiety in biology classes, especially for women.Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been extant for decades and continues to be practiced in many centers around the globe. Most of the active clinical trials utilize boronophenylalanine as the drug containing boron atoms. The important aspect that has been added to the BNCT practice is the use of an F-18 radiolabeled analog for ascertaining targeting and monitoring follow-up studies. The recent widespread application of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, especially peptides (somatostatin analogs), prostate-specific antigen-binding ligands, or immunomolecules, offers the ambit for invention of new tumor-specific BNCT agents, especially for BNCT-susceptible tumors, that is, locoregional cancers such as head and neck cancer. Such BNCT agents, when radiolabeled, can enable simultaneous imaging and/or therapeutic applications (depending on the radionuclide used) through multimodal approaches. Development of boron-rich moieties such as sodium borocaptate and neutral carboranes combined with tumor-targeting moieties can lead to a new horizon in BNCT. The review covers various aspects of drug design, tumor targeting, and possible future radiopharmaceutical development for multimodal theranostic application in humans.The effect of antifreeze protein (AFP) as a cryoprotectant used in different concentrations of glycerol on post-thaw quality of epididymal sperm was investigated. Sperm were isolated from 50 testicles, obtained from 25 healthy mature goat bucks, with progressive motility >80%, and total morphological abnormalities less then 10% were pooled in each replication. The semen samples were diluted with Tris-citrate-fructose-soybean lecithin extender containing different concentration of AFP [0 μg/mL (A0), 5 μg/mL (A5), 10 μg/mL (A10)]. Each concentration of AFP was added in an extender containing either 7% (G7) or 5% (G5) glycerol. Post-thaw total and progressive motility were found to be higher (p less then 0.05) in groups A5G5 and A5G7. Plasma membrane integrity, sperm acrosome integrity, DNA integrity, acrosome intact sperm, and mitochondrial membrane potential were found to be higher (p less then 0.05) in groups A5G5 and A10G5. Sperm viability was found to be higher (p less then 0.05) in group A5G5, while lipid peroxidation was recorded lower (p less then 0.05) in groups A5G5 and A5G7. Regarding the apoptosis occurrence, the results demonstrate higher (p less then 0.05) live post-thawed spermatozoa for groups containing 5 μg/mL AFP with 5% and 7% glycerol in addition to the lowest (p less then 0.05) value for groups containing 0 μg/mL AFP with 5% and 7% glycerol. Based on these results, the present study concludes that the addition of 5 μg/mL AFP in combination with 5% glycerol in freezing extender improves the post-thaw quality, structure, and function parameters for buck spermatozoa.We explore the physical origin and the general validity of a propensity rule for the conservation of the hyperfine spin state in three-body recombination. This rule was recently discovered for the special case of ^87Rb with its nearly equal singlet and triplet scattering lengths. Here, we test the propensity rule for ^85Rb for which the scattering properties are very different from ^87Rb. The Rb_2 molecular product distribution is mapped out in a state-to-state fashion using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization detection schemes which fully cover all possible molecular spin states. Interestingly, for the experimentally investigated range of binding energies from zero to ∼13 GHz×h we observe that the spin-conservation propensity rule also holds for ^85Rb. From these observations and a theoretical analysis we derive an understanding for the conservation of the hyperfine spin state. We identify several criteria to judge whether the propensity rule will also hold for other elements and collision channels.The first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in lepton-proton scattering at high momentum transfer is presented. These data, taken with the H1 detector at HERA, are corrected for detector effects using an unbinned machine learning algorithm (multifold), which considers eight observables simultaneously in this first application. The unfolded cross sections are compared with calculations performed within the context of collinear or transverse-momentum-dependent factorization in quantum chromodynamics as well as Monte Carlo event generators.We investigate the properties of the blackbody spectrum by direct numerical solution of the classical equations of motion of a one-dimensional model that contains the essential general features of the field-matter interaction. garsorasib Our results, which do not rely on any statistical assumption, show that the classical blackbody spectrum exhibits remarkable properties (i) a quasistationary state characterized by scaling properties, (ii) consistency with the Stefan-Boltzmann law, and (iii) a high-frequency cutoff. Our Letter is a preliminary step in the understanding of statistical properties of infinite-dimensional systems.The impact of coherent phonon excitations on the valence charge distribution in cubic boron nitride is mapped by femtosecond x-ray powder diffraction. Zone-edge transverse acoustic (TA) two-phonon excitations generated by an impulsive Raman process induce a steplike increase of diffracted x-ray intensity. Charge density maps derived from transient diffraction patterns reveal a spatial transfer of valence charge from the interstitial region onto boron and nitrogen atoms. This transfer is modulated with a frequency of 250 GHz due to a coherent superposition of TA phonons related to the ^10B and ^11B isotopes. Nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom couple through many-body Coulomb interactions.The high-energy limit of gauge-theory amplitudes features both a Regge pole and Regge cuts. We show how to disentangle these, and hence how to determine the Regge trajectory beyond two loops. While the nonplanar part of multiple Reggeon t-channel exchange forms a Regge cut, the planar part contributes to the pole along with the single Reggeon. With this, we find that the infrared singularities of the trajectory are given by the cusp anomalous dimension. By matching to recent QCD results, we determine the quark and gluon impact factors to two loops and the Regge trajectory to three loops.We employ analytical and numerical approaches to show that unpaired Majorana zero modes can occur in cores of Abrikosov vortices at the interface between a three-dimensional topological insulator, such as Bi_2Se_3, and a twisted bilayer of high-T_c cuprate superconductor, such as Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8+δ. When the twist angle is close to 45° the latter has been predicted to form a fully gapped topological superconductor up to temperatures approaching its native T_c≃90 K. Majorana zero modes in these structures will persist up to unprecedented high temperatures and, depending on the quality of the interface, may be protected by gaps with larger magnitudes than other candidate systems.We consider the effective field theory of gravity around black holes, and show that the coefficients of the dimension-8 operators are tightly constrained by causality considerations. Those constraints are consistent with-but tighter than-previously derived causality and positivity bounds and imply that the effects of one of the dimension-8 operators by itself cannot be observable while remaining consistent with causality. We then establish in which regime one can expect the generic dimension-8 and lower order operators to be potentially observable while preserving causality, providing a theoretical prior for future observations. We highlight the importance of "infrared causality" and show that the requirement of "asymptotic causality" or net (sub)luminality would fail to properly diagnose violations of causality.The thermodynamic uncertainty relation expresses a seemingly universal trade-off between the cost for driving an autonomous system and precision in any output observable. It has so far been proven for discrete systems and for overdamped Brownian motion. Its validity for the more general class of underdamped Brownian motion, where inertia is relevant, was conjectured based on numerical evidence. We now disprove this conjecture by constructing a counterexample. Its design is inspired by a classical pendulum clock, which uses an escapement to couple the motion of an oscillator to regulate the motion of another degree of freedom (a "hand") driven by an external force. Considering a thermodynamically consistent, discrete model for an escapement mechanism, we first show that the oscillations of an underdamped harmonic oscillator in thermal equilibrium are sufficient to break the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. We then show that this is also the case in simulations of a fully continuous underdamped system with a potential landscape that mimics an escaped pendulum.
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