Notes

FUS-induced neurotoxicity is avoided through curbing GSK-3β in a drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
4% (n= 115), respectively. Among non-A-E-ALF patients, mean age was 28.8±12.0 years, 50.9% females, majority (63.1%) had hyperacute presentation, and 79.2% had advanced encephalopathy at presentation. #link# The frequency of cerebral edema in non-A-E-ALF (53.3%) was higher than that in HEV-ALF (41.2%) and ATT-ALF (44.2%), P < 0.001. The survival rate in non-A-E-ALF (37.5%) was poorer than HEV-ALF (54.9%) and was comparable to that in HBV (35.8%) and ATT (29.6%) induced ALF. link2 The baseline prothrombin time prolongation (odds ratio[OR] 1.041; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.017-1.065) and infection (OR 2.366; 95%CI, 1.107-5.055) were independent predictors of outcome in non-A-E-ALF. The 3-days acute liver failure early dynamic model had the best value in predicting the outcome.

Non-A-E-ALF accounts for one-third of all cases of ALF and is associated with poor spontaneous survival.
Non-A-E-ALF accounts for one-third of all cases of ALF and is associated with poor spontaneous survival.
Liver transplantation (LT) recipients such as all organ transplant recipients, have a risk of developing de novo malignancies owing to prolonged immunosuppression. However, there is limited data on this after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), wherein immunosuppression levels are less than in deceased donor transplantation. We aim to describe experience of de novo malignancies from a predominantly LDLT center.

A total of 2100 adults (age >18 years) who underwent LT between January 2006 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively collected database. The data were analyzed up to June 2019. Data are shown as number, percentage, mean±standard deviation, and median (interquartile range).

Of 2100 patients who underwent LDLT, 21 (1%) patients developed de novo malignancy after transplantation. The de novo malignancy cohort comprised 20 males and 1 female, aged 50±8.8 years. The distribution of de novo malignancies was as follows 7 oropharyngeal (carcinoma of buccal and oral h significant mortality. A careful screening protocol should be followed after transplantation for early detection of de novo malignancies.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic disorder with liver transplantation (LT) being the only definitive treatment in end-stage disease. Recurrence of PSC after LT is a significant concern which can lead to graft loss. The aim of this study is to find out the disease recurrence and long-term outcome after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in PSC.

We conducted a retrospective review of all patients undergoing LDLT for PSC at our centre. Of 2268 adult LTs from August 2004 to July 2018, 32 (1.4%) patients underwent LDLT for PSC including 6 with PSC and autoimmune hepatitisoverlap. The data were reviewed to look for PSC recurrence, complications, and overall survival. All patients received tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Data are shown as number, percentage, median, and interquartile range (IQR).

The mean age of 32 LDLT recipients was 44±12 years (males 22, females 10). At the time of transplantation, the mean child's score was 9±1.6 and model for end-stage liver diseasescore was 18.9±6.4. Ulcerative colitiswas seen in 7 patients and none had cholangiocarcinoma. Majority of patients (n= 29) received right lobe graft and all but 3 underwent hepaticojejunostomy for biliary reconstruction. PSC recurrence was seen in 6 (20%) patients during a median follow-up of 59 (29-101) months, after exclusion of 2 patients with early mortality. A total of five patients died during follow-up, and one of these deaths was due to PSC recurrence. There were 2 perioperative deaths due to sepsis and 3 deaths on follow-up (sepsis in 2 and PSC recurrence in 1).

LDLT can be performed in PSC with good overall long-term outcomes.
LDLT can be performed in PSC with good overall long-term outcomes.
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, fatigue, stigma and quality of life (QOL) of patients with hepatitis B infection. Additional aim of the study was to evaluate the correlates of psychiatric morbidity and QOL in patients with hepatitis B infection.

A total of 150 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (75 inactive carriers and 75 patients with chronic hepatitis) were evaluated on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-PLUS, World Health Organization-QOL-BREF scale, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, Toronto Chinese HBV Stigma Scale, HBV knowledge scale and Fatigue Severity scale.

About half of the study participants (49.3%) had at least one lifetime psychiatric morbidity and of these more than one-third (37.3%) fulfilled at least one current psychiatric diagnosis. Generalized anxiety disorder was seen in 19.3% of the participants. Major depressive disorder was the second most common psychiatric diagnosis fulfilled at the time of assessment, with nearly equal prevalence of first episode of depression (8%) and recurrent depressive disorder (7.3%). Compared to click here with inactive hepatitis, patients in the chronic hepatitis group had poorer QOL and experienced more fatigue. However, both the groups did not differ in terms of knowledge and stigma. Compared to those without current or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis, those with current or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis had poorer QOL, higher level of stigma and higher fatigue scale.

About half of the patients with HBV infection have psychiatric morbidity, which has negative impact on QOL of patients. Hence, it is important to recognize psychiatric morbidity among patients with HBV.
About half of the patients with HBV infection have psychiatric morbidity, which has negative impact on QOL of patients. Hence, it is important to recognize psychiatric morbidity among patients with HBV.
To analyze the outcomes of balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) as salvage therapy in cirrhotic patients with gastric variceal bleed (GVB) after failed endotherapy or very early rebleeds. We assessed for technical/clinical success of BRTO and transplantation-free survival.

Patients with GVB who underwent BRTO as salvage therapy (between 2011 and 2017) were analyzed. Rebleed rate, Child Pugh score (CTP), Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) values were calculated at 1,6,12, and 24 months follow-up.

Fifty-two patients who underwent BRTO as salvage therapy were assessed for rebleed rate and transplantation-free survival. Technical success was 100% with rebleed rate being 1.9% (n= 1) and clinical success rate of 92.3% (n= 48) at 12-months follow-up and transplantation-free one-year survival of 90.4% (n= 47). Five patients (9.6%) failed to achieve one-year transplantation-free survival. Four patients died within 30 days; one rebleed, 3 (all Child C) progressive liver and multiorgand, higher survival, and improved liver disease severity.
Whether higher liver transplant (LT) waitlist mortality in patients with poor functional status (FS) is mediated by higher prevalence of cirrhosis complications is not clear. We aim to evaluate the impact of FS on risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) among adults listed for LT.

Using 2005-2018 United Network for Organ Sharing LT data, we retrospectively evaluated the impact of FS on prevalence of ascites, HE, and SBP among adults listed for LT using Karnofsky Performance Status Score categories (KPSS-1 FS 80-100%, KPSS-2 60-70%, KPSS-3 40-50%, KPSS-4 10-30%), stratified by underlying liver disease etiology. Between-group comparisons used chi-squared methods and adjusted multivariate logistic regression.

Among 100,618 adults listed for LT (68.8% male, 72.4% non-Hispanic white) 35.2% were KPSS-1, 36.6% KPSS-2, 15.7% KPSS-3, and 12.6% KPSS-4 at time of LT waitlist registration. Patients with worse FS were significantly more likely to have ascites, HE, and SBP at time of waitlist registration (KPSS-1 vs. KPSS-4 ascites, 66% vs. link3 93%; HE, 81% vs. 49%; SBP, 4% vs. 16%, p < 0.001 for all). On multivariate regression, compared with patients with KPSS-1, those with KPSS-4 had significantly higher odds of ascites (odds ratio [OR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-1.62, p < 0.01), HE (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.59-1.80, p < 0.01), and SBP (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.98-2.38, p < 0.01), which was observed across all liver disease etiologies.

Worse FS is associated with higher odds of cirrhosis complications including ascites, HE, and SBP, which was observed across all liver disease etiologies.
Worse FS is associated with higher odds of cirrhosis complications including ascites, HE, and SBP, which was observed across all liver disease etiologies.Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the radius is exceedingly rare. We report an isolated pseudoarthrosis of the radius in a five-year-old girl child with Neurofibromatosis type-I (NF-I). She underwent excision of the pseudoarthrosis tissue, ulna osteotomy, iliac crest cortico-cancellous bone grafting, and K wire fixation of both bones. A sound union of the radius and the ulna was achieved after 4 months. At two-year follow-up, mild shortening of the forearm persisted with maintenance of sound union of both bones. Accurate diagnosis of the condition is central in avoiding complications and the need for complex surgical procedures.
Remnant preserving Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires the graft to be passed through the remnant ACL stump. This requires knowledge of the native alignment of the ACL. We investigated the alignment and orientation compared directly to the tibial plateau on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We assessed if current equipment is adequate for anatomical reconstruction.

50 MRI scans with intact ACL and PCL were reviewed. Measurements were taken of; a) angle of ACL and tibial plateau in the sagittal plane, b) angle of ACL and tibial plateau in the coronal plane, c) position of ACL insertion into tibia as percentage of anterior-posterior width, d) position of ACL insertion into tibia as percentage of medio-lateral width. Statistical analysis included intra and interobserver agreement. Commonly used tibial guides were assessed for range of angles possible in use.

The mean results for each measurement (+/- standard deviation) were; a) 45°(4.4°), b) 69°(5.5°), c) 37.2%(5.5%) d) 47.4%(1.5%). Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability were measured with satisfactory values. Not all tibial guides were able to produce an angle <45°.

Our study is the first comparing the angle of inclination of the ACL directly with the tibial plateau. We demonstrate the angle in the sagittal plane is lower than reported previously. This data can be used in planning the tibial tunnel using remnant preserving techniques, to orientate in the natural alignment of the ACL. Not all reconstruction systems include options to align at the lower than previously thought natural angle of the ACL.

III.
III.
Morphology and mechanic properties of impacted cancellous bone are affected by carrier substances which provide high local concentrations of antibiotics.

Bone chips were taken from the femoral head of 6-7 months old piglets. One half was thermodisinfected and the other remained native. Ten specimens each were mixed with Herafill® antibiotic pellets and a control group of each 10 specimens respectively was examined. The cancellous bone was impacted according to Exeter technique and the implants were cemented. The distribution of the particles and the pores were defined with three dimensional computertomographic scan and shear force resistance was measured until failure.

Shear force resistance was not measured significantly less for thermodisinfected (2.7 Nm) compared with native bone (3.5 Nm) and addition of antibiotic pellets reduced shear force resistance in both groups since this was significant for the native group. The average pore volume of the native bone specimens appeared significant smaller compared to the thermodisinfected group (p=0.
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