Notes

Quantitative chemical mapping of plagioclase as being a application to the meaning of volcanic stratigraphy: a good example coming from E Kitts, Lower Antilles.
Skin is the largest organ in the human body, and the interplay between the environment factors and human skin leads to some skin diseases, such as acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. As the first line of human immune defense, skin plays significant roles in human health via preventing the invasion of pathogens that is heavily influenced by the skin microbiota. Despite being a challenging niche for microbes, human skin is colonized by diverse commensal microorganisms that shape the skin environment. The skin microbiota can affect human health, and its imbalance and dysbiosis contribute to the skin diseases. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of skin microbiota and its interaction with human skin. Moreover, the potential roles of microbiota in skin health and diseases are described, and some key species are highlighted. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies for microbe-related skin diseases, such as healthy diets, lifestyles, probiotics and prebiotics, are discussed. Strategies for modulation of skin microbiota using synthetic biology are discussed as an interesting venue for optimization of the skin-microbiota interactions. In summary, this review provides insights into human skin microbiota recovery, the interactions between human skin microbiota and diseases, and the strategies for engineering/rebuilding human skin microbiota.
Motor cortex stimulation applied as a clinical treatment for neuropathic disorders for decades. With stimulation electrodes placed directly on the cortical surface, this neuromodulation method provides higher spatial resolution than other non-invasive therapies. Yet, the therapeutic effects reported were not in conformity with different syndromes. One of the main issues is that the stimulation parameters are always determined by clinical experience. The lack of understanding about how the stimulation current propagates in the cortex and various stimulation parameters and configurations obstruct the development of this method.

In this study, we investigated the effect of different stimulation configurations on cortical responses to motor cortical stimulations using intrinsic optical imaging.

Our results showed that the cortical activation of electrical stimulation is not only related to the current density but also related to the propagation distance. Besides, stimulation configurations also affect the propagation of the stimulation current.

All these results provide preliminary experimental evidence for parameter and electrode configuration optimizations.
All these results provide preliminary experimental evidence for parameter and electrode configuration optimizations.
Low access to HIV prevention, care, and treatment services among people living with HIV (PLWH) is a barrier to the control of the epidemic worldwide. The present study aimed to assess the barriers and facilitators to HIV services among PLWH in Kerman, Iran.

In this qualitative study, a convenience sample of 25 PLWH who had received HIV prevention, treatment, or care services, and six PLWH who had not yet received services were recruited between August-October 2020. Data were collected using a semi-structured, face-to-face interview. Data were examined by inductive content analysis using MAXQDA 10 software.

Nine categories of facilitators and 11 categories of barriers to HIV services were identified. Facilitating factors included maintaining health status, feeling scared, trust in the health system, how they were treated by service providers, provision of suitable hours by the service provider center, changing attitudes towards HIV in society, acceptance of the disease by the patient's family, hope for the future and feeling the need for consulting services. Barriers included financial problems, side effects and belief in efficacy, distance and transportation problems, fear of being recognized, stigma towards PLWH, organization of services, improper treatment by service providers, unsuitable hours by the service provider center, lack of trust in the health system, lack of family support, and inadequate or low-quality service.

Many facilitators and barriers to HIV prevention, treatment, and care are amenable to change and better management by healthcare and service providers. Addressing these factors is likely to increase the willingness to use services by those who have never previously accessed them.
Many facilitators and barriers to HIV prevention, treatment, and care are amenable to change and better management by healthcare and service providers. Addressing these factors is likely to increase the willingness to use services by those who have never previously accessed them.
Although asthma is more prevalent in women and the prevalence of COPD is increasing in women, the current international recommendations for the management and prevention of asthma and COPD provide no sex-related indication for the treatment of these diseases. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the evidence across literature on the sex-related effectiveness of asthma and COPD therapy.

This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO and performed according to PRISMA-P. The PICO framework was applied for the literature search strategy "patient problem" included adult patients suffering from asthma or COPD, "Intervention" regarded the pharmacological treatments for asthma or COPD, "Comparison" was vs. baseline, active controls, or placebo, "Outcome" was any difference sex-related in the effectiveness of interventions.

In asthma 44% of the evidence reported that men responded better than women to the therapy, whereas this percentage was 28% in COPD. ICS was generally less effective in women than inherapeutics associated with suboptimal outcomes for patients.
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a novel clinical entity with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to develop a clinical nomogram model to predict the 1-, 2- and 3-year mortality of patients with CPFE by using the machine learning approach, and to validate the predictive ability of the interstitial lung disease-gender-age-lung physiology (ILD-GAP) model in CPFE.

The data of CPFE patients from January 2015 to October 2021 who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively collected. We utilized LASSO regression and multivariable Cox regression analysis to identify the variables associated with the prognosis of CPFE and generate a nomogram. The Harrell's C index, the calibration curve and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. Then, we performed likelihood ratio test, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and decision curve analysis (DCA) to compare the perfothe prognosis of CPFE in our cohort. The nomogram incorporating the 5 variables showed good performance in predicting the mortality of CPFE. In addition, although the nomogram was superior to the ILD-GAP model in the present cohort, further validation is needed to determine the clinical utility of the nomogram.
Age, DLCO, RVD, CRP and globulin were identified as being significantly associated with the prognosis of CPFE in our cohort. The nomogram incorporating the 5 variables showed good performance in predicting the mortality of CPFE. In addition, although the nomogram was superior to the ILD-GAP model in the present cohort, further validation is needed to determine the clinical utility of the nomogram.
Although several studies evaluated the relationship between individual dietary antioxidants and metabolic health conditions, data on the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and metabolic health among children and adolescents is limited. This study investigated the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity and metabolic health status in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 overweight/obese adolescents. Dietary intakes were evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Alexidine inhibitor Ferric Reducing-Antioxidant Power (FRAP) was considered to indicate dietary total antioxidant capacity. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure status were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine circulating insulin, glucose, and lipid profile. Two different methods (modified International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and IDF criteria along with insulin resistance) were applied to classify participants as metabolically healer prospective cohort studies need to be done to confirm these findings.
Interpreters in the care of refugees work in various different settings. Qualitative studies suggest that interpreters are confronted with a variety of demands depending on the context in which they work, which may in turn influence their wellbeing. To date, no larger-scale study has investigated differences between work settings regarding interpreters' work-related characteristics or wellbeing.

The aim of this study was to compare the work-related characteristics and possible changes in the wellbeing of interpreters between four main work settings (psychotherapy, counselling, medical setting, and authorities) in the care of refugees.

Interpreters in refugee care were recruited for a nationwide online survey in Germany with two measurement time points. Participants provided socio-demographic data and answered questions about the working conditions in their respective main work setting. In addition, psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI-18), work-related exhaustion (Copenhagen Burnout Inveof the relationship between setting-specific challenges and interpreters' wellbeing.
The presented results indicate differences regarding working conditions, psychological distress, and work-related exhaustion between different work settings of interpreters. Future studies may explore each setting in greater detail and include a larger sample size to reach a better understanding of the relationship between setting-specific challenges and interpreters' wellbeing.
Cannabidiol (CBD), a safe, non-intoxicating cannabis component, is growing in popularity in Europe and worldwide. However, CBD EU regulation is blurry, and consequent labelling and product quality issues may have implications for public health. There is therefore a need to assess the prevalence and perceived harmfulness of CBD use in EU countries, as well as to characterise CBD users. We aimed to do so in the French population.

In December 2021, an online survey was conducted in a sample respecting the French adult population structure for key demographic variables. Sociodemographic, behavioural and CBD perception data were collected. Three separate regressions were performed to identify correlates of i) having heard of CBD, ii) using CBD, iii) perceived harmfulness of CBD. A hierarchical classification was also performed to identify profiles of CBD users.

The study sample comprised 1969 adults, of whom 69.2% had heard of CBD and 10.1% used it. Less than half (46.8%) of the former considered it harmful. Having heard of CBD was associated with younger age, being born in France, tobacco use, and cannabis use. CBD use was associated with younger age, tobacco use, cannabis use, poor self-reported general health status, and positive perception of alternative medicines. Cluster analysis revealed four different CBD user profiles based on socio-demographics and behavioural characteristics.

Ten percent of the adults in this French study used CBD, and several user profiles emerged. Our results indirectly advocate clearer European CBD regulations to ensure safe and high-quality products.
Ten percent of the adults in this French study used CBD, and several user profiles emerged. Our results indirectly advocate clearer European CBD regulations to ensure safe and high-quality products.
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