Notes

Evaluation of authority curricula normally surgery residency programs.
Medical care cascade, a population based method for tracking disease progression from diagnosis to cure, is a framework for monitoring gaps between current health service strategy and achievement of health goals. This paper summarizes the application of medical care cascade in hepatitis C prevention and treatment to facilitate the improvement in this field.Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is one of the main methods recommended by international guidelines for preventing HIV infection, and increasing attention has been paid to it in China. In 2019, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) was approved by the US FDA as the second PrEP option besides emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF). This article reviews the latest international guideline recommendations on PrEP, and the relevant clinical study data, discusses the considerations and challenges in implementing PrEP in the context of clinical practice in China, and provides suggestions for improving the awareness, accessibility, affordability and adherence of PrEP.Post-marketing vaccine safety surveillance, including both passive and active surveillances, aims to detect and alert to signals of adverse events following immunization (AEFI), and to further ensure public safety and public confidence in vaccination. Active surveillance could proactively seek information of AEFI and timely investigate the potential safety signals, therefore, it has become the main development trend of post-marketing surveillance worldwide. Nowadays, there is an ongoing interest in developing active surveillance systems that can incorporate and use existing electronic data such as administrative claims and electronic health records. EGFR inhibitor Researchers have also began exploring ways of accruing data closer to "real-time" in order to speed the recognition of potential safety problems.This near real-time vaccine safety surveillance is gradually emerging worldwide. This study reviews the development and methodology of near real-time surveillance and aims to accelerate the foundation of the active surveillance system for vaccine safety in China.Objective To explore the association between statins and colorectal cancer and provide evidence for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Methods Literatures about statins and colorectal cancer published from January 2000 to January 2020 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang data, PubMed and Cochrane Library database. The literatures which met the inclusion criteria were collected, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Jadad score were used to assess the studies. Meta-analysis was performed with statistical software Revman 5.0 and Stata 12.1. Results A total of 31 studies, involving more than 1.62 million subjects, were included in the analysis. The case-control study (RR=0.93, 95%CI 0.88-0.98), the cohort study (RR=0.75, 95%CI 0.63-0.88) and the randomized controlled trial (RR=0.79, 95%CI 0.65-0.97) showed moderate protective effect of statins. Using statin less then 5 years (RR=0.86, 95%CI 0.76-0.96), average daily dosage ≥34 mg (RR=0.81, 95%CI 0.66-0.98) and lipid-soluble statins (RR=0.86, 95%CI 0.74-0.99) also had preventive effect on colorectal cancer; while lovastatin (RR=1.07, 95%CI 1.00-1.14) increased the risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusion Statins have protective effect on colorectal cancer.Objective Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) is an opportunity pathogenic microorganism mainly transmitted through sexual contact. In recent years, scholars have paid more attention to Mg infection and pathogenicity. This study was aimed to understand the condition of Mg in the genitourinary tract of different populations in China and provide evidence for further study of its pathogenic characteristics. Methods Cross-section studies of Mg infection in the Chinese community were searched by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang digital database, SinoMed, Pubmed, and Web of Science from database construction to March 10th, 2020. Studies were sifted and screened independently by two evaluators based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Meta-analysis was conducted with R 1.1.463. If I2≤50%, the fixed-effect model should be adopted, if I2>50%, the random effect model should be adopted, and through subgroup analysis, the source of heterogeneity should be found out as far as possible. Results A total os 20.46% (95%CI 13.67%-28.22%). Conclusions The infection rate of Mg in a healthy population was low. Mg infection rate in the genitourinary tract of other groups was still higher, which is worthy of further attention.Objective To reveal the epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in HIV positive population in China. Methods We collected research papers published from 2010 to 2019 on HBV co-infection in HIV positive population in China through literature retrieval, screening and quality evaluation. The Meta-analysis was conducted after extracting relevant data from the research papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results Twenty-seven studies were included with 69 816 samples. The pooled HBV infection rate in HIV positive population in China was 11.29%. The HBV co-infection rate was higher in the western China (10.73%) and southern China (14.18%), while lower in northern China (6.36%). The HBV infection rates were 11.22%, 12.76%, 9.58%, 11.32% and 10.34%, respectively, in HIV-positive population infected through blood or blood products transfusion, intravenous drug use, homosexual contact, heterosexual contact and unknown transmission routes. Population infected with HIV caused by mother-to-child transmission had the lowest HBV infection rate (2.87%). The HBV infection rate in HIV positive males was 1.29 times higher than that in HIV positive females in southern China. Conclusions The HBV infection rate in HIV positive population is significantly higher than that in general population. More attention should be paid to the prevention and control of HBV co-infection in HIV positive population.Objective To explore the effects of hnRNP E1 on the expression of early genes E2, E6 of HPV16 and the biological function in cervical cancer SiHa cell lines. Methods The cell experiments in vitro were carried out in cervical cancer cell lines SiHa. The expression levels of E2, E6 mRNA and protein of HPV16 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively, before and after up-regulating hnRNP E1. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 and Graphpad Prism 7.0 software. Results Compared with the blank and the blank plasmid group, the cells activity and proliferation decreased at 24, 48 and 72 h after up-regulating hnRNP E1 (P less then 0.05), while the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase increased and the percentage in S and G2/M phase and proliferation index decreased (P less then 0.05). Moreover, the late apoptotic rate and the total apoptotic rate increased (P less then 0.05). The expression levels of E6 mRNA and protein of HPV16 in hnRNP E1 up-regulated group were significantly lower than that in both blank group and blank plasmid group, the differences were significant (P less then 0.
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