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Photo regarding native transcription and transcriptional mechanics in vivo utilizing a tagged Argonaute necessary protein.
We discuss two algorithms to determine the value and the radial profile of the photoelastic coefficient C in glass and polymer optical fibers. We conclude that C is constant over the fiber cross-sections, with exception of silica glass fibers containing a fluorine-doped depressed cladding. In the undoped and Ge-doped parts of these silica glass fibers we find a consistent value for C that is slightly larger than in bulk silica. In the fluorine-doped trenches of the absolute value of C decreases with about 27%. In polymethyl methacrylate optical fibers, the value of C significantly varies from fiber to fiber.In the current paper we apply catalyst assisted vapour phase growth technique to grow ZnO nanowires (ZnO nws) on p-GaN thin film obtaining EL emission in reverse bias regime. ZnO based LED represents a promising alternative to III-nitride LEDs, as in free devices the potential is in near-UV emission and visible emission. For ZnO, the use of nanowires ensures good crystallinity of the ZnO, and improved light extraction from the interface when the nanowires are vertically aligned. We prepared ZnO nanowires in a tubular furnace on GaN templates and characterized the p-n ZnO nws/GaN heterojunction for LED applications. SEM microscopy was used to study the growth of nanowires and device preparation. Photoluminescence (PL) and Electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopies were used to characterize the heterojunction, showing that good quality of PL emission is observed from nanowires and visible emission from the junction can be obtained from the region near ZnO contact, starting from onset bias of 6V.We theoretically investigate the operation bandwidth limitation of the photonic differentiator including the upper limitation, which is restrained by the device operation bandwidth and the lower limitation, which is restrained by the energy efficiency (EE) and detecting noise level. Taking the silicon photonic crystal L3 nano-cavity (PCN) as an example, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate that the lower limitation of the operation bandwidth does exist and differentiators with different bandwidths have significantly different acceptable pulse width range of input signals, which are consistent to the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, we put forward a novel photonic differentiator scheme employing cascaded PCNs with different Q factors, which is likely to expand the operation bandwidth range of photonic differentiator dramatically.The use of fiber-optic sensors for ultrasound (US) detection has many advantages over conventional piezoelectric detectors. However, the issue of multiplexing remains a major challenge. Here, a novel approach for multiplexing fiber-optic based US sensors using swept frequency interferometry is introduced. Light from a coherent swept source propagates in an all-fiber interferometric network made of a reference arm and a parallel connection of N sensing arms. Each sensing arm comprises a short polyimide coated sensing section (~4cm), which is exposed to the US excitation, preceded by a delay of different length. When the instantaneous frequency of the laser is linearly swept, the receiver output contains N harmonic beat components which correspond to the various optical paths. Exposing the sensing sections to US excitation introduces phase modulation of the harmonic components. The US-induced signals can be separated in the frequency domain and be extracted from their carriers by common demodulation techniques. The method was demonstrated by multiplexing 4 sensing fibers and detecting microsecond US pulses which were generated by a 2.25MHz ultrasound transducer. The pulses were successfully measured by all sensing fibers without noticeable cross-talk.Based on analyzing the measurement model of binocular vision sensor, we proposed a new flexible calibration method for binocular vision sensor using a planar target with several parallel lines. It only requires the sensor to observe the planar target at a few (at least two) different orientations. Relying on vanishing feature constraints and spacing constraints of parallel lines, linear method and nonlinear optimization are combined to estimate the structure parameters of binocular vision sensor. Linear method achieves the separation of the rotation matrix and translation vector which reduces the complexity of computation; Nonlinear algorithm ensures the calibration results for the global optimization. see more Towards the factors that affect the accuracy of the calibration, theoretical analysis and computer simulation are carried out respectively consequence in qualitative analysis and quantitative result. Real data shows that the accuracy of the proposed calibration method is about 0.040mm with the working distance of 800mm and the view field of 300 × 300mm. The comparison with Bougust toolbox and the method based on known length indicates that the proposed calibration method is precise and is efficient and convenient as its simple calculation and easy operation, especially for onsite calibration and self-calibration.Directional mode coupling in an asymmetric holey fiber coupler is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally for the first time. The holey fiber mode couplers have interesting spectral characteristics and are also found to exhibit increased dimensional tolerances. Following a design based on numerical investigations, a dual-core polymer holey fiber coupler for LP(01) and LP(11) mode multiplexing was fabricated via a drilling and drawing technique. The measurements are compared with the simulation results.This paper presents a model of blue laser diode (LD)-based white lighting coupled with a yellow YAG phosphor, for use in the proper design and fabrication of phosphor in automotive headlamps. First, the sample consisted of an LD, collecting lens, and phosphor was prepared that matches the model. The light distribution of the LD and the phosphor were modeled to investigate an effect of the surface topography and phosphor particle properties on the laser-driven white lighting systems by using the commercially available optical design software. Based on the proposed model, the integral spectrum distribution and the color coordinates were discussed.We report a novel ultraviolet photodetector based on graphene/h-BN/ZnO van der Waals heterostructure. Graphene/ZnO heterostructure shows poor rectification behavior and almost no photoresponse. In comparison, graphene/h-BN/ZnO structure shows improved electrical rectified behavior and surprising high UV photoresponse (1350AW(-1)), which is two or three orders magnitude larger than reported GaN UV photodetector (0.2~20AW(-1)). Such high photoresponse mainly originates from the introduction of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) insulating h-BN layer, which behaves as the tunneling layer for holes produced in ZnO and the blocking layer for holes in graphene. The graphene/h-BN/ZnO heterostructure should be a novel and representative 2D heterostructure for improving the performance of 2D materials/Semiconductor heterostructure based optoelectronic devices.We numerically and experimentally demonstrate photon-number squeezed state generation with a symmetric fiber interferometer in an 800-nm wavelength and compared with an asymmetric fiber interferometer, although photon-number squeezed pulses have been generated only with asymmetric interferometers. Even though we obtain -1.0dB squeezing with an asymmetric fiber interferometer, since perfect spectral phase and intensity matching between displacement and signal pulses are achieved with a symmetric fiber interferometer, we obtain better squeezing of -3.1dB. We also numerically calculate and clarify this scheme's usefulness at a 1.55-μm wavelength.We report an original noise-like pulse dynamics observed in a figure-eight fiber laser, in which fragments are continually released from a main waveform that circulates in the cavity. Particularly, we report two representative cases of the dynamics in the first case the released fragments drift away from the main bunch and decay over a fraction of the round-trip time, and then vanish suddenly; in the second case, the sub-packets drift without decaying over the complete cavity round-trip time, until they eventually merge again with the main waveform. The most intriguing result is that these fragments, as well as the main waveform, are formed of units with sub-ns duration and roughly the same energy.This paper describes a multi-wavelength amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with multilayer stacked active planar waveguides. A modulating layer of Ag is applied to make a good confinement of ASE in one active layer, while a lithium fluoride layer is inserted between the active layer and the modulating layer to avoid fluorescence quenching and confine the pump energy in one waveguide. Under optical pumping, ASE at 503 and 662 nm corresponding to the respective active layer are simultaneously observed, with extremely low thresholds at ~37.2 and ~39.7 KW/cm2.We report on a diffraction-dependent spin splitting of the paraxial Gaussian light beams on reflection theoretically and experimentally. In the case of horizontal incident polarization, the spin splitting is proportional to the diffraction length of light beams near the Brewster angle. However, the spin splitting is nearly independent with the diffraction length for the vertical incident polarization. By means of the angular spectrum theory, we find that the diffraction-dependent spin splitting is attributed to the first order expansion term of the reflection coefficients with respect to the transverse wave-vector which is closely related to the diffraction length.The computer-aided design of high quality mono-mode, continuous-wave solid-state lasers requires fast, flexible and accurate simulation algorithms. Therefore in this work a model for the calculation of the transversal dominant mode structure is introduced. It is based on the generalization of the scalar Fox and Li algorithm to a fully-vectorial light representation. To provide a flexible modeling concept of different resonator geometries containing various optical elements, rigorous and approximative solutions of Maxwell's equations are combined in different subdomains of the resonator. This approach allows the simulation of plenty of different passive intracavity components as well as active media. For the numerically efficient simulation of nonlinear gain, thermal lensing and stress-induced birefringence effects in solid-state active crystals a semi-analytical vectorial beam propagation method is discussed in detail. As a numerical example the beam quality and output power of a flash-lamp-pumped NdYAG laser are improved. To that end we compensate the influence of stress-induced birefringence and thermal lensing by an aspherical mirror and a 90° quartz polarization rotator.We report experimental observation of large group index across the Lamb dips of ground hyperfine states in Doppler-broadened 87Rb vapor. By sweeping the laser frequency through each hyperfine transition we measure the saturated absorption and optical phase shift using a phase-locked Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Our measurements provide a direct demonstration of the theoretical prediction by Agarwal et al. [G. S. Agarwal and T. N. Dey, Phys. Rev. A 68, 063816, (2003)] for the first time. An enhancement factor as large as 1005 in group index was observed for Rb vapor at temperature of 85 °C. The experimental data are in good agreement with the theory.
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