Notes

TFAP4 encourages the increase associated with cancer of prostate cellular material by upregulating FOXK1.
The five-year patient survival rate was 87.1%. The only predictor of mortality was age (HR 1.07 [1.01-1.14]; p=0.024). The patients with hypocomplementemia (22%) had a lower remission rate (p=0.049), FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis (p=0.026), and higher levels of hematuria (p=0.004) and proteinuria (p=0.037). The FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis was an independent predictor of relapse (HR 8.9 [1.02-77.36]; p=0.047).

Our study suggests that the baseline renal function and FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis are the major prognostic factors for progression to ESRD in AAV patients. In addition, AAV patients with hypocomplementemia may have a lower remission rate.
Our study suggests that the baseline renal function and FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis are the major prognostic factors for progression to ESRD in AAV patients. In addition, AAV patients with hypocomplementemia may have a lower remission rate.
The aim of this study was to identify predictors of mortality in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients and to seek the ways of improving survival in GPA patients.

Between January 2005 and June 2020, a total of 60 patients (26 males, 34 females; median age 49 years; range, 19 to 75 years) who were diagnosed with GPA were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of all patients were recorded. Survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plot.

The median follow-up was 36 months, and 10 (16.7%) patients died during the study period. Univariate analysis showed that the prognostic values were attributed to high serum creatinine levels (>2.1 mg/dL; p=0.01), proteinuria (p=0.01), dialysis-requiring renal damage at the time of diagnosis (p=0.01) or at any time during follow-up (p=0.01), low lymphocyte levels (p=0.01), hypoalbuminemia (p=0.04), absence of upper respiratory tract involvement (p=0.01), presence of lung involvement with cavitary lesions (p=0.01), high Birmingham Vascular Activity Score (p=0.02), and history of serious infection (p=0.01). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of renal damage requiring dialysis at any time during follow-up (relative risk [95% confidence interval] 21 [4.1-18.3]; p=0.01) was found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Immunosuppressive drugs exerted no effect on mortality, and the most common causes of death were infections (50%).

The presence of dialysis-requiring renal damage is the most important risk factor for mortality in GPA patients. These patients should be followed more closely and carefully to improve survival.
The presence of dialysis-requiring renal damage is the most important risk factor for mortality in GPA patients. These patients should be followed more closely and carefully to improve survival.
This study aims to determine the frequency of kinesiophobia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to evaluate the relation of kinesiophobia with the knee range of motion (ROM), quadriceps muscle strength, fear of falling, functional status, disease activity, depression, and quality of life.

Between September 2018 and September 2019, a total of 100 RA patients (25 males, 75 females; mean age 56.1±9.3 years; range, 32 to 69 years) and 50 healthy controls (14 males, 36 females; mean age 54.6±9.8 years; range, 30 to 69 years) were included. Disease activity was evaluated using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), and functional status using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Pain severity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) was used to evaluate kinesiophobia. Quadriceps muscle strength and knee ROM measurements of two extremities were recorded. Depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), fear of falling by Falls Efficacy Scaleted with fear of falling and depression, negatively affecting the quality of life in terms of physical, emotional, social and mental functions. Therefore, evaluating kinesiophobia and developing targeted treatment approaches seem to be useful in increasing the quality of life in RA.
Kinesiophobia is common in RA patients. Our study is the first to evaluate the frequency of kinesiophobia in RA patients and to show pain level, disease activity, functional status, knee flexion ROM, and quadriceps muscle strength are effective on kinesiophobia. Kinesiophobia is also associated with fear of falling and depression, negatively affecting the quality of life in terms of physical, emotional, social and mental functions. Therefore, evaluating kinesiophobia and developing targeted treatment approaches seem to be useful in increasing the quality of life in RA.
This study aims to evaluate demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of Turkish children with chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis.

Between January 2008 and December 2018, a total of 28 patients (10 males, 18 females; median age 12.5 years; range, 4.5 to 21 years) who were diagnosed with chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis in three pediatric rheumatology centers were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the patients were recorded.

The median age at the time of diagnosis was 10.2 years. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 6.5 months. The median follow-up was 18.5 months. The most frequent symptom at onset was arthralgia (75.0%). The most frequently involved bone was the femur (67.9%). Eight (63.6%) of 12 patients had at least one Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) mutation, indicating a significantly higher prevalence than the Turkish population (14.8%). Five of these patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for familial Mediterraneaation.
This study aims to investigate the effect of a supervised dynamic exercise program on somatosensory temporal discrimination (STD) which indicates the central sensory processing ability.

Forty-eight patients (mean age 43 years; range, 19 to 64 years) with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) were included in this prospective, randomized study between April 2018 and October 2018. Demographics and clinical measurements were recorded. The STD threshold was measured by a researcher blinded to the treatment groups. After baseline assessments, the patients were randomized into two groups the supervised exercise group (SEG) and the home exercise group (HEG) as the control group. The SEG performed submaximal aerobic exercise and low-medium resistant isotonic exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist, 1-h per day, three days in a week for four weeks. The HEG was given a home-based exercise program consisting of low-to-medium resistance isotonic exercises and aerobic exercises 1-h per day, three days in a week for four weeks. After exercise program, clinical assessments and STD threshold measurement were repeated.

Clinical and STD threshold measures improved significantly after four-week exercise program in both groups. The improvements in clinical measures were significantly higher in the SEG. However, there was no difference in the STD threshold improvement between the groups. No correlation was found between the STD threshold measure and clinical features in any patients.

Although a significant improvement was achieved in impaired STD threshold with SEG, it was not found to be superior to the amelioration observed with HEG.
Although a significant improvement was achieved in impaired STD threshold with SEG, it was not found to be superior to the amelioration observed with HEG.
In this study, we aimed to assess the value of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and compare the safety of different replacement fluids used in TPE.

A total of 727 TPE procedures in 285 patients (57 males, 228 females; mean age 39.7±15.4 years; range, 13 to 79 years) with rheumatic diseases between January 2011 and February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. find more Treatment response to TPE and adverse events were evaluated in all patients.

Indications for TPE included 13 different disorders, with the majority being systemic lupus erythematosus (up to 50%). The mean number of TPE sessions was 2.55±1.00 per patient and the mean exchange plasma volume was 2,270±256 mL per session. Combined plasma and albumin was the most frequently used replacement fluid (69.5%), followed by albumin and plasma in 20.5% and 10.0% of episodes, respectively. Up to 73.7% (210/285) patients achieved clinical improvement after TPE treatment. Adverse events occurred in 15.1% (110/727) of all the procedures, and allergic reaction (34.5%) was the most common event. link2 The overall incidence rate of complication was similar among the three types of replacement fluids (p=0.214).

Based on our study results, TPE is an invasive, but safe, useful and, sometimes, essential tool with an acceptable risk/benefit ratio for most rheumatic diseases. Albumin can be used as a feasible substitute for plasma in case of shortage of blood resources.
Based on our study results, TPE is an invasive, but safe, useful and, sometimes, essential tool with an acceptable risk/benefit ratio for most rheumatic diseases. Albumin can be used as a feasible substitute for plasma in case of shortage of blood resources.
The aim of this study was to assess the presence of the relationship between hand grip strength (HGS) and radiological and functional signs of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Between March 2019 and January 2020, a total of 64 female patients (mean age 63.4±8.8 years; range, 50 to 80 years) with bilateral chronic knee pain who were diagnosed with KOA using radiological and clinical findings according to the 2019 American College of Rheumatology guidelines were included in the study. Patient demographics, body mass index (BMI) values, and hand dominance were recorded. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) were used for the assessment of KOA functionality. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system was used for the radiological assessment of KOA. Electronic dynamometer was used for HGS measurement and values were normalized according to BMI results.

In the assessment of relationship between HGS and functionality of KOA, a negative, moderate correlation was found between the WOMAC and HGS-Dominant (D) (r=0.312, p<0.05) and HGS-Non-Dominant (ND) (r=0.391, p<0.01). In addition, a positive, moderate correlation was found between the LEFS and HGS-D (r=0.344, p<0.01) and HGS-ND (r=0.371, p<0.01). link3 There was a weak, negative correlation between the HGS-ND, KL-D (r=0.256, p<0.05) and KL-ND (r=0.283, p<0.05), while no significant correlation was found between the HGS-D and KL.

Our study results show that HGS-ND is associated with KOA radiologically and functionally. The HGS should be added in the WOMAC and LEFS scales in the functional assessment of KOA and new scales including HGS assessment should be developed.
Our study results show that HGS-ND is associated with KOA radiologically and functionally. The HGS should be added in the WOMAC and LEFS scales in the functional assessment of KOA and new scales including HGS assessment should be developed.
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