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Support development simply by smoking: The sunday paper abuse-liability review of e-cigarettes throughout the younger generation.
rists do not regret their choice and would choose the same specialty today. To increase its attractiveness, better visibility during medical school, enhanced academic recognition, and increased remuneration seem promising.The veteran population faces myriad health burdens, particularly regarding mental health. As veterans age, combined genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors with natural biological processes may increase their susceptibility to mental health disorders as well as neuropsychiatric and dementia-related disorders that present as persistent cognitive impairment. Multi-organizational, multidisciplinary research partnerships help explore relevant evidence-based methodologies and create a two-way continuum between basic science and clinical application to address veterans', often complex, health care needs. The Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP), a global funding organization located within the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC), fosters novel approaches to biomedical research in response to the expressed needs of stakeholders and, as directed by Congress, many CDMRP programs focus on topics that are relevant to the health care of veterans. The CDMRP's foundation as a research management organization includes a two-tier review process and fully integrates consumer advocates. The CDMRP complements the U.S. click here Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) research through collaborative partnerships and synergistic award mechanisms tailored to areas of greatest need. Continued partnerships between the VA and CDMRP can facilitate translation of basic research to clinical application and enhance health care in the veteran community. This perspective highlights the need for research to address mental health issues affecting the veteran community, describes how the CDMRP integrates veterans into its processes, and discusses how the CDMRP's processes and collaborations with the VA have the capacity to improve mental health care for veterans.Background Deficient decision-making (DM) in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by altered reward sensitivity, higher risk taking, and aberrant reinforcement learning. Previous meta-analysis aggregate findings for the ADHD combined presentation (ADHD-C) mostly, while the ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-I) and the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation (ADHD-H) were not disentangled. The objectives of the current meta-analysis were to aggregate findings from DM for each presentation separately. Methods A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed (Medline) and Web of Science Database took place using the keywords "ADHD," "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder," "decision-making," "risk-taking," "reinforcement learning," and "risky." Random-effects models based on correlational effect-sizes were conducted. Heterogeneity analysis and sensitivity/outlier analysis were performed, and publication biases were assessed with funnel-plots and the egger intercept. Results Of 1,240 candidate articles, seven fulfilled criteria for analysis of ADHD-C (N = 193), seven for ADHD-I (N = 256), and eight for ADHD-H (N = 231). Moderate effect-size were found for ADHD-C (r = 0.34; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [0.19, 0.49]). Small effect-sizes were found for ADHD-I (r = 0.09; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [0.008, 0.25]) and for ADHD-H (r = 0.1; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [-0.012, 0.32]). Heterogeneity was moderate for ADHD-H. Sensitivity analyses show robustness of the analysis, and no outliers were detected. No publication bias was evident. Conclusion This is the first study that uses a meta-analytic approach to investigate the relationship between the different presentations of ADHD separately. These findings provide first evidence of lesser pronounced impairment in DM for ADHD-I and ADHD-I compared to ADHD-C. While the exact factors remain elusive, the current study can be considered as a starting point to reveal the relationship of ADHD presentations and DM more detailed.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00389.].Introduction Cognitive biases are key factors in the development and persistence of delusions in psychosis. The Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp) is a new self-reported questionnaire of 30 relevant situations to evaluate five types of cognitive biases in psychosis. In the context of the validation of the Spanish version of the CBQp, our objectives were to (1) analyze the factorial structure of the questionnaire with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), (2) relate cognitive biases with a widely used scale in the field of delusion cognitive therapies for assessing metacognition, specifically, Beck's Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) (1), and, finally, (3) associate cognitive biases with delusional experiences, evaluated with the Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI) (2). Materials and Methods An authorized Spanish version of the CBQp, by a translation and back-translation procedure, was obtained. A sample of 171 patients with different diagnoses of psychoses was included. A CFA was used to test threestress, conviction, and concern as well as worse cognitive insight in patients with psychosis.Alexithymia-reflecting deficits in cognitive emotion processing-is highly prevalent in individuals with depressive disorders. Subsequently, mixed evidence for attentional bias is found in these individuals. Alexithymia may be a potential influencing factor for attentional bias in depression. In the current study, 83 currently depressed (CD) and 76 never-depressed (ND) controls completed an eye-tracker task consisting of valenced (non)-social pictures. Alexithymia scores were also included as a moderator as both a continuous and categorical measure (so high vs. low alexithymia). No group difference or moderating effect of alexithymia was found on attentional bias. Thus, alexithymic symptoms, included both dimensionally and categorically, may not influence biased attentional processing in depression compared to ND individuals. Thus, it is important to explore other potential explaining factors for the equivocal results found on biased attentional processing of emotional information in depression.
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