Notes

Personal steps regarding support might have constrained influence on biological details amongst elderly Kuwaitis.
Both an elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level and depression are risk factors for cognitive impairment in the general population, but no study has analyzed whether the coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and late-life depression (LLD) is associated with worse cognitive performance.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between Hcy levels and cognitive function in individuals with LLD and whether the coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and LLD is associated with worse cognitive performance.

A total of 113 LLD patients and 89 normal controls underwent a standardized clinical interview and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery. Plasma concentrations of Hcy were detected. Factorial analyses were performed to examine the impact of the coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and LLD on cognitive performance.

Plasma Hcy levels in patients with LLD were significantly higher than that in normal controls. Only for LLD patients, Hcy level was negatively correlated with global cognition, executive function, attention, and visual space. The factorial analysis showed that there was a significant interactive effect of Hcy level (normal and elevated levels) and LLD (with and without LLD) on global cognition. In post hoc comparisons, the elderly individuals with both elevated Hcy levels and LLD tended to have the worst global cognitive function compared with those with LLD or elevated Hcy levels alone.

The coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and LLD was associated with worse cognitive performance. Early intervention should be initiated to protect cognition in LLD patients with elevated Hcy levels.
The coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and LLD was associated with worse cognitive performance. Early intervention should be initiated to protect cognition in LLD patients with elevated Hcy levels.
Cognitive impairment has long challenged the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), hypocretins and inflammation have recently been implicated in cognitive function. However, limited studies have compressively assessed their associations with cognitive impairment in MDD.

A total of 100 MDD patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for this study. They were tested with HAMD, HAMA, and MCCB scales. The plasma level of selected inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and hypocretin-1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the plasma level of the factors and clinical performances.

Patients with MDD showed cognitive impairment in each MCCB subdomain except working memory compared with HC. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and hypocretin-1 in MDD patients were higher than HC. Besides, IL-1β levels was negatively correlated with overall cognitive function in the combined group. Hypocretin-1 was poirment in MDD patients. Conclusively, this study provides new insights for exploring cognitive impairment in depression.
Depression is a major mental disorder that imposes a considerable burden on health. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for depression. Numerous studies have reported the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among MSM in China. However, the estimates have varied substantially between studies. This meta-analysis aimed to establish the pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among Chinese MSM to attract public attention.

A systematic search of several electronic databases and a subsequent manual search was performed to identify relevant studies. A random effects model was adopted to calculate the pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was also assessed.

A total of 54 articles with a sample size of 21,950 MSM were analysed. The pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among MSM was 40.0% (95% CI 37.9%-45.0%). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across individual studies. The pooled summary estimate stratified by screening instruments and cutoff scores ranged from 19.0% to 60.2%. Selleck Linifanib Subgroup analysis indicated that survey dates, sampling method, HIV infection status and occupation can partially contribute to the between-study heterogeneity.

The findings should be interpreted with caution because of several limitations related to the heterogeneity across studies, sampling method and quality assessment.

Overall, the reported prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among Chinese MSM was fairly high. The study suggested that more attention and effective intervention programmes are urgently provided to prevent and improve mental health issues among Chinese MSM.
Overall, the reported prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among Chinese MSM was fairly high. The study suggested that more attention and effective intervention programmes are urgently provided to prevent and improve mental health issues among Chinese MSM.
The dimensional symptom structure of classes of affective psychoses, and more specifically the relationships between affective and mood symptoms, has been poorly researched. Here, we examined these questions from a network analysis perspective.

Using Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and network centrality parameters, we examined the dimensionality and network structure of 28 mood and psychotic symptoms in subjects diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder (n=124), psychotic bipolar disorder (n=345) or psychotic depression (n=245), such as in the global sample of affective psychoses.

EGA identified four dimensions in subjects with schizoaffective or bipolar disorders (depression, mania, positive and negative) and three dimensions in subjects with psychotic depression (depression, psychosis and activation). The item composition of dimensions and the most central symptoms varied substantially across diagnoses. The most central (i.e., interconnected) symptoms in schizoaffective disorder, psychotic bipolar dis. The findings outline the value of specific diagnoses in explaining the relationships between mood and affective symptoms.
Neurocognitive impairments (NCI) are common in patients with bipolar I disorder. However, reports about the affected domains, outcomes and magnitude have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude (severity) and specificity (domains), of (NCI) in euthymic Bipolar I Disorder (BD) patients with a demographically and educationally matched sample of patients with schizophrenia in remission (SC) and healthy controls (HC).

The Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) was applied in this cross-sectional study, to all consecutive and consenting euthymic outpatients with bipolar I disorder (BD) (n=76), remitted patients with schizophrenia (n=130) and age and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) (n=100). The cognitive tests done included Verbal List Learning-Immediate (VLT-I), Working Memory Test (WMT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Verbal Learning Test-Delayed (VLT-D) and Processing Speed Test (PST). Within the bipolar group, the association between NCI and functioning was assessed.
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