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The rice flours were hydrolyzed using α-amylase (A), α-amylase and xylanase (AX), and α-amylase, xylanase and β-amylase (AXB). The effects of different enzymatic rice flour hydrolysates (ERH) on the quality of the fermented rice cake (FRC) were determined at 25 °C for 4 days. ERH had higher porosity, water absorption index, water solubility index and lower viscosity than the control. Moisture content of FRC center decreased significantly after 4 days. Specific volumes of fresh A-, AX- and AXB-FRC were higher than the control. Color of fresh A-FRC was closer to that of the control. AXB-FRC had lower hardness and firming rate than other samples during storage. After 4 days of storage, FRC with ERH had lower endotherm enthalpy and more uniform and clearer pore structure than the control. Therefore, the ERH with single or mixed enzymes could improve the structure of FRC, and extend its shelf-life. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.The surface texture of dried jujube fruits is a significant quality grading criterion. This paper introduced a novel visual feature fusion based on connected region density, texture features, and color features. The single-scale Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform was used to perform single-scale decomposition and reconstruction of dried Hami jujube image before visual features extraction. The connected region density was extracted by the two different algorithms, whereas the texture features were extracted by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix and the color features were extracted by image processing algorithms. Based on selected features which obtained by correlation analysis of visual features, the accuracy rate of the optimized Support Vector Machine classification model was 96.67%. In comparing with Extreme Learning Machine classification model and other fusion methods, the optimized Support Vector Machine based on selected visual features fusion was better. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and kidney disease. Formation of N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a well-known AGEs, was evaluated from the reaction of casein from bovine milk with different reducing sugars (glucose, tagatose, and xylose) at various sugar concentrations and heating temperatures (75 and 120 °C) used in food processing to determine the best sweetener to be used in dairy products. The concentration of CML was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AY-22989 Additionally, SDS-PAGE was carried out to observe the changes in the molecular weight of casein. The results reveal that tagatose leads to a lower CML concentration at 75 °C than glucose or xylose, whereas no significant differences are observed at 120 °C. We conclude that it would be more appropriate to use tagatose rather than glucose or xylose as a sweetener, considering the AGEs contents in heat-treated dairy products. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Effects of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) on the oxidative stability were determined in soybean oil-water system at different locations including at the interface of air-oil, in the middle of oil, and at the interface of oil-water. Also, profile changes of tocopherols were determined during UV irradiation for 18 days. Although no significant changes in tocopherol profiles were observed at three different locations irrespective of DOPC from 0 to 1250 μmol/kg oil, addition of DOPC increased total tocopherols, α-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol whereas content of β + γ tocopherols did not increase at any locations. Moisture content in water-oil interface was higher than other locations while those were not consistent at different DOPC concentration. Added DOPC significantly decreased oxidative stability from 250 to 830 μmol/kg oil compared to controls (p  less then  0.05) whereas 1250 μmol/kg oil DOPC increased oxidative stability. Stabilities of tocopherols especially α-tocopherol were lower in oil-water system than those in bulk oil at UV irradiation. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.In this study, gelatins from black-bone chicken feet and skin (BCFG and BCSG) were extracted using different NaOH concentrations, and their physicochemical properties were characterized and compared to commercial bovine gelatin (BG). It was found that the yield of BCFG was higher than BCSG, however, it contained higher amount of ash. All studied gelatins were composed of two distinct α-chains, while β-chain and γ-chain were not present. The BCFG and BCSG were found to have lower pH, lower hydroxyproline content and lower thermal stability, but higher gel strength as compared with the BG. The colors of BCSG and BCSG were slightly darker than BG. The NaOH concentration did not show strong influence on physicochemical properties of the extracted gelatins, however, thermal stability and gel strength of BCSG tended to decrease with increasing of NaOH concentration. These findings suggested that black-bone chicken feet and skin could be a great source for the production of gelatin. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Cheese ripening involves lactose metabolism, lipolysis and proteolysis, which are affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to assess changes due to ripening (90 days) of goat milk cheese through bacteriological and physicochemical analysis in order to verify if, at the end of ripening period, this cheese could be considered "lactose-free". Three batches of the goat milk cheese were manufactured and ripened at 10 °C and 80% relative humidity for 90 days. Titratable acidity increased by about 59 °D due to carbohydrate degradation and organic acid production. However, pH (5.31-5.25) remained constant. Lactococcus was the dominant cheese microbiota, acting in the fermentation of lactose (1.17-0.06 mg/g) and lactic acid production (5.49-s10.01 mg/g). Thus, ripening time was decisive for bacteriological and physicochemical goat milk cheese characteristics. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Quercus salicina Blume (QS) is an oak species that is indigenous to Japan and Korea. Historically, extracts of leaves, stems, barks and buds from the QS tree had been extensively utilized as herbal medicines. As rich sources of natural antioxidants, QS extracts could prevent oxidative stress and the occurrence of related neurodegenerative diseases. In pharmaceutical applications, decoction or infusion of comminuted QS powder is prepared as an herbal tea for oral use. Various extraction methods and extracting mediums showed the potential antioxidant activities of QS extracts, as well as the different types and levels of bioactive compounds found in them. Due to their functional properties and possibly low-level of cytotoxicity, the potential application of QS extracts as a novel food ingredient could be considered. In this review paper, a brief overview about QS extracts and their bioactive components, antioxidant activities, toxicity and technological applications is described based on previous works. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2020.Introduction The worldwide increase in unnecessary caesarean sections (CSs) is a major global health issue. Mass media campaigns have been used in several countries to reduce this trend. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify, critically appraise and synthesise the findings, including the barriers and enablers, of mass media campaigns directed at lay people to reduce unnecessary CS. Methods We included any study design that reported health communication mass media campaigns directed at lay people with the specific objective of reducing unnecessary CS, created by any agent, in any format. We searched seven electronic databases without language restrictions, from inception to February 2019. Experts in the field were contacted. Results The search yielded 14 320 citations; 50 were selected for full-text reading; and one was included. Six other reports were included. The seven campaigns were conducted in 2009-2017, mostly in Latin America. Most campaigns were independent efforts by non-governmenluding impact assessment. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019120314. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.Various technical tips have been described on the placement of poller screws during intramedullary (IM) nailing; however studies reporting outcomes are limited. Overall there is no consistent conclusion about whether intramedullary nailing alone, or intramedullary nails augmented with poller screws is more advantageous.We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Seventy-five records were identified, of which 13 met our inclusion criteria. In a systematic review we asked (1) What is the proportion of nonunions with poller screw usage? (2) What is the proportion of malalignment, infection and secondary surgical procedures with poller screw usage? The overall outcome proportion across the studies was computed using the inverse variance method for pooling.Thirteen studies with a total of 371 participants and 376 fractures were included. Mean follow-up time was 21.1 months. Mean age of included patients was 40.0 years. Seven studies had heterogenous populations of nonunions and acute fractures. Four studies included only acute fractures and two studies examined nonunions only.The results of the present systematic review show a low complication rate of IM nailing augmented with poller screws in terms of nonunion (4%, CI 0.03-0.07), coronal plane malunion (5%, CI 0.03-0.08), deep (5%, CI 0.03-0.11) and superficial (6%, CI 0.03-0.11) infections, and secondary procedures (8%, CI 0.04-0.18).When compared with the existing literature our review suggests intramedullary nailing with poller screws has lower rates of nonunion and coronal malalignment when compared with nailing alone. Prospective randomized control trial is necessary to fully determine outcome benefits. link2 Cite this article EFORT Open Rev 2020;5189-203. DOI 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190040. © 2020 The author(s).Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients can be a challenging procedure.This systematic review evaluated the revision rate, functional outcomes and complications of THA in sicklers.A systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using four search engines from inception to May 2019.Fifteen studies with 971 THAs were included. There were 437 cemented and 520 uncemented THAs.There were 164 revision THAs (16.8%); 52 uncemented and 105 cemented THAs.Forty-two infections were recorded; 16 infections for cemented and 23 for uncemented THAs.Fifty-seven cups, 26 stems, eight cup/stem with aseptic loosening that were more frequently cemented were reported. link3 The 28 unspecified aseptic loosening cases were more frequently uncemented THAs.All studies demonstrated the functional improvement of patients.There were 109 medical complications (14.3%). Sickle cell crises (SCC) and transfusion reactions were most usually recorded.Forty-six intraoperative complications (4.7%) were reported; 18 femoral fractures, four acetabular and 18 femoral perforations.
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