Notes

Concentrating on Kupffer cells in non-alcoholic fatty lean meats disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Precisely why and exactly how?
In predicting anxiety levels, self-efficacy and hope are protective factors, especially when living with people in essential services. In levels of depression, only hope is considered a protective factor in people living with patients infected by COVID-19.

This study is the first to advance in the understanding of sociodemographic and psychological variables in a Spanish sample subjected to the stressful and traumatic effects of the SARS-CoV-2 viral agent.
This study is the first to advance in the understanding of sociodemographic and psychological variables in a Spanish sample subjected to the stressful and traumatic effects of the SARS-CoV-2 viral agent.
To develop and validate the Distracting Ingenuity Promotion Scale (DIPS) for paediatric nurses.

Cross-sectional study using anonymized self-administered questionnaires.

From July-November 2013, paediatric nurses working in the wards or outpatient departments in 39 medical institutions in Japan were enrolled in the survey. Data were analysed using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of variance test. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to validate the factors in the DIPS. Cronbach's α was used to calculate the reliability of the DIPS.

The DIPS included five subscales comprising 21 items. The goodness-of-fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis had a Comparative Fit Index of 0.923 and a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation of 0.059 and fulfilled the standard external validity criteria. Cronbach's α was 0.707-0.826 for each subscale and 0.895 for the overall scale.
The DIPS included five subscales comprising 21 items. The goodness-of-fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis had a Comparative Fit Index of 0.923 and a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation of 0.059 and fulfilled the standard external validity criteria. Cronbach's α was 0.707-0.826 for each subscale and 0.895 for the overall scale.
An optimal risk-scoring system enables more targeted offers for colonoscopy in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. This analysis aims to develop and validate scoring systems using parametric and non-parametric methods for average-risk populations.

Screening data of 807,695 subjects and 2806 detected cases in the first-round CRC screening program in Shanghai were used to develop risk-predictive models and scoring systems using logistic-regression (LR) and artificial-neural-network (ANN) methods. Performance of established scoring systems was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration, sensitivity, specificity, number of high-risk individuals and potential detection rates of CRC.

Age, sex, CRC in first-degree relatives, chronic diarrhoea, mucus or bloody stool, history of any cancer and faecal-immunochemical-test (FIT) results were identified as predictors for the presence of CRC. The AUC of LR-based system was 0.642 when using risk factors only in derivation lts for CRC mass screening. External validation is warranted for scaling-up implementation in the Chinese population.
The objective of our study was to determine if the waveform from a simple pulse oximeter-like device could be used to accurately assess intravascular volume status in cirrhosis.

Patients with cirrhosis underwent waveform recording as well as serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on the day of their cardiac catheterization where invasive cardiac pressures were measured. Waveforms were processed to generate features for machine learning models in order to predict the filling pressures (regression) or to classify the patients as volume overloaded or not (defined as an LVEDP>15).

Nine of 26 patients (35%) had intravascular volume overload. Regression analysis using PPG features (R
=0.66) was superior to BNP (R
=0.22). Linear discriminant analysis correctly classified patients with an accuracy of 78%, sensitivity of 60%, positive predictive value of 90%, and an AUROC of 0.87.

Machine learning-enhanced analysis of pulse ox waveforms can estimate intravascular volume overload with a higher accuracy than conventionally measured BNP.
Machine learning-enhanced analysis of pulse ox waveforms can estimate intravascular volume overload with a higher accuracy than conventionally measured BNP.We assessed PET-CT myocardial blood flow (MBF) using N-13 ammonia, brachial flow-mediated dilation, and cardiopulmonary exercise test in five post-discarged MIS-C survivors. None of the patients (median age 9, range 7-18 years; 3 females; 2 males) had preexisting pediatric chronic conditions. At the follow-up visit, two patients exhibited severe perfusion defect developed in the left ventricular cavity, suggesting extensive myocardial ischemia (MBF less then 2.0) and one patient showed persistent mild pericardial effusion. Others two patients demonstrated endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, all patients had lower predicted values in the VO2peak , VO2VAT , OUES, and O2 Pulse (range 35.2%-64.5%; 15.6%-38.2%; 1.0-1.3 L/min; 4-7 ml/beat), respectively. Our d suggested that previously health MIS-C patients had impaired MBF, endothelial dysfunction and lower cardiopulmonary capacity at follow-up analysis. Multidisciplinary further investigations should be conducted to reinforce these findings.The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is expected to exceed 642 million people by 2040. Metformin is a widely used biguanide T2D therapy, associated with rare but serious events of lactic acidosis, in particular with predisposing conditions (e.g., renal failure or major surgery). Imeglimin, a recently approved drug, is the first in a new class (novel mode of action) of T2D medicines. Although not a biguanide, Imeglimin shares a chemical moiety with Metformin and also modulates mitochondrial complex I activity, a potential mechanism for Metformin-mediated lactate accumulation. We interrogated the potential for Imeglimin to induce lacticacidosis in relevant animal models and further assessed differences in key mechanisms known for Metformin's effects. In a dog model of major surgery, Metformin or Imeglimin (30-1000 mg/kg) was acutely administered, only Metformin-induced lactate accumulation and pH decrease leading to lactic acidosis with fatality at the highest dose. Rats with gentamycin-induced renal chanisms of action are distinct, supporting its potential utility for patients with predisposing conditions.Small, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have been shown to regulate gene expression in response to exercise in various tissues and organs, thus possibly coordinating their adaptive response. Thus, it is likely that differential microRNA expression might be one of the factors that are responsible for different training responses of different individuals. Consequently, determining microRNA patterns might be a promising approach toward the development of individualized training strategies. However, little is known on (1) microRNA patterns and their regulation by different exercise regimens and (2) possible correlations between these patterns and individual training adaptation. Here, we present microarray data on skeletal muscle microRNA patterns in six young, female subjects before and after six weeks of either moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training on a bicycle ergometer. Our data show that n = 36 different microRNA species were regulated more than twofold in this cohort (n = 28 upregulated and n = 8 downregulated). In addition, we correlated baseline microRNA patterns with individual changes in VO2 max and identified some specific microRNAs that might be promising candidates for further testing and evaluation in the future, which might eventually lead to the establishment of microRNA marker panels that will allow individual recommendations for specific exercise regimens.
Smad4 and p53mutations are the most common mutations in human colorectal cancers (CRCs). click here We evaluated whether and how they are synergistic in intestinal carcinogenesis using novel autochthonous mouse models.

To recapitulate human CRCs, we generated Villin-Cre;Smad4


;Trp53


mice. We then compared the intestinal phenotype of Villin-Cre;Smad4


;Trp53


mice (n=40) with Villin-Cre;Smad4


(n=30) and Villin-Cre;Trp53


mice (n=45).

Twenty-week-old Villin-Cre;Smad4


;Trp53


mice displayed spontaneous highly proliferative intestinal tumors, and 85% of mice developed adenocarcinomas. p21 was downregulated in the intestinal mucosa in Villin-Cre;Smad4


;Trp53


mice than in Villin-Cre;Smad4


and Villin-Cre;Trp53


mice. Villin-Cre;Smad4


;Trp53


mice displayed multistep intestinal tumorigenesis and Wnt activation. Long-term CWP232291 (small-molecule Wnt inhibitor) treatment of Villin-Cre;Smad4


;Trp53


mice suppressed intestinal tumorigenesis and progression.CWP232291 treatment downregulated cancer stem cell (CSC) tumor markers including CD133, Lgr-5, and Sca-1. CWP232291 treatment reduced the CSC frequency. Small-molecule Wnt inhibitors reduced intestinal CSC populations and inhibited their growth, along with Bcl-X
downregulation. Furthermore, BH3I-1, a Bcl-X
antagonist, increasingly inhibited intestinal CSCs than bulk tumor cells.

Smad4 loss and p53loss are synergistic in autochthonous intestinal carcinogenesis, by downregulating p21 and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Smad4 loss and p53 loss are synergistic in autochthonous intestinal carcinogenesis, by downregulating p21 and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Cations such as Cs+ and Ba2+ are known to block K+ currents by entering an open channel and binding to the selectivity filter, where they obstruct the pore and block diffusion of the permeant ion. This obstruction is voltage- and K+ -dependent and is relieved by the trans permeant ion flux. The present patch-clamp study on Xenopus muscle cells shows that, unlike the voltage-activated K+ (Kv) channels, blockade of the inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels by external foreign cations results from the combination of pore obstruction with a new and independent mechanism. This new blockade is independent of the K+ concentrations and flux and acts indiscriminately on both the outward and the inward Kir components. External Cs+ and Ba2+ compete for this blockade with free access to common channel sites. These features suggest that the blocking cations do not need to enter the channel for this new mechanism, and should bind to the extracellular side of the channel. When K+ fluxes are flowing outward, the pore obstruction is relieved for both Kir and Kv currents, and the K+ -independent blockade here described is responsible for a selective Kir inhibition, justifying the use of these external cations as tools in cell physiology studies.Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a severe malignancy originating from the bile duct and the second most common primary liver cancer. NF-kappa B interacting lncRNA (NKILA) is a functional lncRNA, which play important role in human cancers. However, the role and underlying mechanism of NKILA in CCA remains largely unknown. Here, our study demonstrated that NKILA was significantly upregulated in CCA tissues and cells. Overexpression of NKILA is associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph node and distant metastasis, and also indicated poor prognosis in CCA patients. Functionally, NKILA facilitated CCA growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The 5-methylcytosine (m5 C) methyltransferase NSUN2 interacts with NKILA, increasing its m5 C level and promoting its interaction with YBX1. Moreover, NKILA physically interacted with and suppressed miR-582-3p, which was regulated by METTL3-mediated N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) modification. Finally, we showed that YAP1 was a target of NKILA via miR-582-3p and NKILA functioned partially via YAP1 in CCA.
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