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Deterioration regarding dibutyl phthalate simply by Paenarthrobacter sp. Shss separated coming from Saravan garbage dump, Hyrcanian Forests, Iran.
Therefore, melatonin should be considered as a lead compound for therapies aimed at preventing vessel lumen constriction during the course of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Copyright © Lee et al.The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already evolved into a rapidly expanding pandemic. Risk factors for COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, are all strongly associated with smoking habits. The effects of cigarette smoking on the transmission of the virus and worsening of COVID-19 have been less addressed. Emerging data indicate that smoking history is the major determinant of worsening COVID-19 outcomes. Smoking cessation recovers airway ciliary clearance and immune function. Thus, smoking cessation awareness is strongly encouraged as a public health measure to limit the global impact of COVID-19. Copyright © 2020, Radcliffe Cardiology.This article offers an updated and comprehensive overview of major findings on the effects of statin treatment in patients with chronic angina but without any epicardial coronary artery with obstructive lesion. Copyright © 2020, Radcliffe Cardiology.Heart failure is a common debilitating illness, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, rehospitalisation and societal costs. Current guidelines and position statements emphasise the management of patients with overt symptomatic disease, but the increasing prevalence of congestive heart failure underscores the need to identify and manage patients with early left ventricular dysfunction prior to symptom onset. Asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ALVSD), classified as stage B heart failure, is defined as depressed left ventricular systolic function in the absence of clinical heart failure. Early initiation of therapies in patients with presumed ALVSD has been shown to lead to better outcomes. In this article, the authors clarify issues surrounding the definition and natural history of ALVSD, outline clinical tools that may be of value in identifying patients with ALVSD and highlight potential opportunities for future investigations to better address aspects of our understanding of this complex syndrome. Copyright © 2020, Radcliffe Cardiology.Patients with angina pectoris, the cardinal symptom of myocardial ischaemia, yet without significant flow-limiting epicardial artery stenosis represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is an established cause for anginal chest pain in patients with angiographically unobstructed coronary arteries. CAS may occur at the epicardial level and/or in the microvasculature. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of CAS are still largely unclear, endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hyperreactivity seem to be involved as major players, although their contribution to induce CAS is still seen as controversial. This article will look at the role and possible mechanistic interplay between an impaired endothelial and VSMC function in the pathogenesis of CAS. Copyright © 2020, Radcliffe Cardiology.Chloroquine and closely related structural analogs, employed initially for the treatment of malaria, are now gaining worldwide attention due to the rapidly spreading pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, named coronavirus disease (COVID) of 2019 (COVID-19). Although much of this attention has a mechanistic basis, the hard efficacy data for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in the management of the clinical syndrome of COVID-19 have been limited thus far. This review aims to present the available in vitro and clinical data for the role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and attempts to put them into perspective, especially in relation to the different risks/benefits particular to each patient who may require treatment. Copyright © 2020 Shukla AM, Archibald LK, Wagle Shukla A, Mehta HJ, Cherabuddi K.Introduction Birth preparedness is crucial for health quality of mother and newborn and acts as a strong contributor in mitigating maternal and newborn mortalities. Different factors are predicted to have an influence upon birth preparedness practice. This paper aims at exploring relationship between various factors and birth preparedness practice. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to find out the relationship between various factors and birth preparedness practice. One hundred sixty-five women residing at ward number 1 of Rapti Municipality, Chitwan who delivered in the last twelve months were selected consecutively and interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate techniques. Results Three quarters (75.2%) of the respondents had better birth preparedness, institutional delivery was 63.0%, antenatal care (ANC) visit as per protocol was about 62.0%, and about 90% of the respondents had received counseling during ANC. Age, religion, family types, education, age at marriage, parity, number of children, knowledge on birth preparedness, knowledge on danger sign, place for ANC and delivery, and decision-makers were found to be statistically significant (P value less then 0.05) with birth preparedness practice. Conclusion Better knowledge on birth preparedness led to a better preparedness status. Age, religion, family type, education of women and partners, parity, and number of children were the factors that influence birth preparedness. Counseling during ANC played a significant role in birth preparedness. Copyright © 2020 Kusmita Silwal et al.Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas that are most commonly observed in the lungs. Sarcoid-like reaction has been reported to develop in response to several immune modulator agents and antidepressants. In this report, a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis that was strongly related to the use of more than the average recommended dose of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications has been described. The patient, a 37-year-old, single, Caucasian woman, who suffered from severe depression and who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath, low-grade fever, a dry cough, fatigue, and the loss of appetite, was diagnosed with this condition, and she failed to respond to the administered sarcoidosis treatment until the SSRI medications that she was using were discontinued; furthermore, she relapsed when one of these medications was reintroduced. Based on these observations, we were able to show a possible relationship between sarcoid-like reaction and SSRIs, and therefore, in the case of patients with interstitial lung diseases who are using SSRIs, we recommend that meticulous precautions be taken while planning their treatment and careful follow-ups be implemented to monitor their progress. Copyright © 2020 Badr Rashed Al-Ghamdi.The present report describes the case of a 56-year-old African American man experiencing progressive disequilibrium, lower extremity weakness, difficulty walking, and hearing loss. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed leptomeningeal enhancement. Initial differential diagnosis was broad, including malignant, infectious, and inflammatory etiologies. The cerebrospinal fluid analyses demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis, hypoglycorrhachia, and hyperproteinorrachia but no other abnormalities. HC-030031 solubility dmso An extensive infectious disease workup was negative. Positron emission tomography revealed hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the right mediastinum and right hilum, correlating with findings on endobronchial ultrasonography. Subsequently, image-guided fine-needle aspiration of the right upper paratracheal lymph node was performed, and biopsy studies showed noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. Based on the clinical picture, the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis was made, and high-dose steroids were started and resulted in significant improvement. Copyright © 2020 Sahara N. Saltijeral et al.Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a pathological dilation of enteric lymphatic vessels resulting in lymph leakage to the intestinal lumen. This chronic lymph leakage leads to a state of immunosuppression secondary to the loss of humoral and cellular components of the immune system and represents a potential risk factor for opportunistic infections. We report a case of protein-losing enteropathy in a seemingly immunocompetent patient. An intestinal histopathological study revealed the unusual association of lymphangiectasia and intestinal cryptococcosis. Although cryptococcal infection is common in immunocompromised patients, intestinal involvement is rarely reported. We found no reports on the association of intestinal cryptococcosis in patients with lymphangiectasia. This case report is the first to describe intestinal cryptococcosis associated with intestinal lymphangiectasia. Copyright © 2020 Fernando Naranjo-Saltos et al.Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) are uncommon in coronary angiography, and left main coronary artery aneurysms are rare. There is no consensus for the treatment of CAAs. A young patient with left coronary artery aneurysm diagnosed by coronary angiography and with recurrent acute myocardial infarction was treated with rivaroxaban and aspirin. The patient had no angina for 6 months. Novel oral anticoagulants combined with antiplatelet agents may be appropriate for the treatment of CAAs. Copyright © 2020 Quanxiang Yan et al.Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) is a rare and severe variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) that has a prolonged recovery course. GBS is often suspected due to ascending muscle weakness, sensation difficulties, respiratory compromise, and antecedent diarrhea. The diagnosis of GBS is supported by cerebrospinal fluid analysis showing albuminocytologic dissociation. Electromyogram and nerve conduction study confirm the diagnosis and allow for further classification by variant. Treatment involves either IV immune globulins or plasmapheresis, and patients typically recover. However, depending on the variant and severity, patients may ultimately require prolonged mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy. In these cases, they may continue to have persistent muscle and sensation abnormalities requiring long-term care. We present a unique case of a 38-year-old female patient with decade-long use of lithium for bipolar disorder that presented with acute lithium toxicity. Though she was ultimately diagnosed with AMSAN, the Syndrome of Irreversible Lithium-Effectuated Neurotoxicity (SILENT) may have also contributed to her persistent neurological sequelae. Copyright © 2020 David Y. Liu et al.Primary dural lymphoma (PDL) is an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for less than 1% of all central nervous system lymphomas. Primary dural lymphoma grows from the dura mater, and it is often diagnosed as meningioma or acute subdural hematoma due to its radiological characteristics. Surgery is the gold standard of therapy; in many patients, PDL is relatively benign with good outcome. Authors report their experience in three patients affected by extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PDL) mimicking a meningioma. Copyright © 2020 M. Dobran et al.
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