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Heart Failure (HF) treatment may be improved by good knowledge of the disease (Health Literacy) that, despite the well-established role on improving self-care, preventing complications and avoiding worse outcomes, has little evidence on affecting QoL of HF patients. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Health Literacy on QoL in hospitalized HF patients.

A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted with HF patients hospitalized at a public cardiological hospital. Health Literacy was assessed using the "Questionnaire about Heart Failure Patients' Knowledge of Disease" and QoL using the "Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire" (MLHFQ). The association between Health Literacy and QoL was assessed by linear regression (P<0.05).

50 patients were included in the study; the mean Health Literacy score was 34.2 ± 15.1 (the majority presenting acceptable or better knowledge). The mean MLHFQ score was 73.5 ± 19.8. The one-year hospital readmission rate (β=+3.8; P=0.009) and the patients' Health Literacy score (β=-0.4; P=0.024) or good knowledge category (β=-20.2; P=0.016) were independently associated with QoL.

While the readmission rate was inversely associated with QoL, the better the HF knowledge the better QoL in hospitalized HF patients.
While the readmission rate was inversely associated with QoL, the better the HF knowledge the better QoL in hospitalized HF patients.In December 2019, an unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia cases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) first occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease, later named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), was caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and on January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be a public health emergency. COVID-19 is now a global pandemic impacting more than 43,438,043 patients with 1,158,596 deaths globally as of August 26th, 2020. COVID-19 is highly contagious and has caused more deaths than SARS in 2002-2003 or the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012-2013 combined and represents an unprecedented human affliction not seen since the influenza pandemic of 1918. COVID-19 has been associated with several cardiac complications, including hypercoagulability, acute myocardial injury and myocarditis, arrhythmias, and acute coronary syndromes. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at the highest risk for myocardial injury and mortality among infected patients. The mechanism by which COVID-infected patients develop cardiac complications remains unclear, though it may be mediated by increased ACE-2 gene expression. Despite initial concerns, there is no evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy increases risk for myocardial injury among those infected with COVID-19. In the current report, we summarize the peer-reviewed and preprint literature on cardiovascular risks and complications associated with COVID-19, as well as provide insights into its pathogenesis and management.
In cardiac surgery, systemic venous drainage is provided by gravity. During the procedure, the amount of venous drainage can be increased by using a vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) technique. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of VAVD and gravitational drainage (GD) techniques on hemolysis.

Totally, 60 patients were included in the study. The patients were separated into three groups, and each group designed with 20 patients Groups are defined as Group 1 (-40 mmHg VAVD), Group 2 (-60 mmHg VAVD), and Group 3 (GD). Preoperative and postoperative values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), haptoglobin (Hpt), mean platelet volume (MVP), and platelet count (Plt) were evaluated.

The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, cross-clamp, and vacuum assistance times were similar in all groups (P > 0.05), whereas Group GD required more additional volume to maintain adequate perfusion (P = 0.034). Preoperative and postoperative measurements showed no significant difference in terms of LDH, MVP, Plt, and Hpt among the groups (P > 0.05).

There was no significant increase in hemolysis among the groups, which demonstrates that the VAVD technique, even if lower negative pressure is preferred, can be applied safely and effectively to improve venous drainage and consequently, cardiac decompression, even if smaller venous cannulas are used, and also avoid from superfluous fluid addition to sustain adequate extracorporeal perfusion.
There was no significant increase in hemolysis among the groups, which demonstrates that the VAVD technique, even if lower negative pressure is preferred, can be applied safely and effectively to improve venous drainage and consequently, cardiac decompression, even if smaller venous cannulas are used, and also avoid from superfluous fluid addition to sustain adequate extracorporeal perfusion.Background It is well-known that the distribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) of atherosclerosis, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and diabetes is considerably variable between different countries, however, with some important geographical trends. Thus, CVRFs contribute differently to atherosclerosis development in different countries. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA IMT) is a validated biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis that is used in clinical and epidemiological studies to evaluate the impact of CVRFs on atherosclerosis development. Material and methods This comparative cohort study included a random sample of 1200 participants (n = 600 men and n = 600 women) from Moscow, Russia and Paris, France, aged between 55 and 79 years, and free of clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis. The study was conducted to determine the interpopulation variability of CCA IMT. CCA IMT was measured by ultrasonic scanning at the high-resolution regimen. Statisttively. In men of both Moscow and Paris study populations, the mean CCA IMT value was 0.84 and 0.67, respectively. In the Moscow study population, the effects (direct and indirect) of traditional CVRs can explain 42% of the CCA IMT variance in women and 30% - in men. In the Paris study population, direct and indirect effects of traditional CVRFs can explain 27% of the CCA IMT variance in men and 14% - in women. Conclusion The Paris study population significantly differed from the Moscow study population in the distribution and impact of traditional CVRFs. Traditional CVRFs can explain only a small proportion of the interpopulation differences in CCA IMT suggesting the presence of other factors, such as longitude, which can possibly influence these differences. Therefore, this study provided an additional piece of evidence towards the existence of a geographic gradient of carotid IMT.
Recent reports suggest an association between ethnicity and COVID-19 mortality. In the present multi-center study, we aimed to assess the differences underlying this association, and ascertain whether ethnicity also mediates other aspects of COVID-19 like cardiovascular complications.

Data were collected from a mixed-ethnicity UK cohort of 613 patients admitted and diagnosed COVID-19 positive, across six hospitals in London during the second half of March 2020 292 were White Caucasian ethnicity, 203 were Asian and 118 were of Afro-Caribbean ethnicity.

Caucasian patients were older (P<0.001) and less likely to have hypertension (P=0.038), while Afro-Caribbean patients had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001). Asian patients were more likely to present with venous thromboembolic disease (adj.OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.49-11.27, P=0.006). Trametinib price On the other hand, Afro-Caribbean had more heart failure (adj.OR=3.64, 95% CI 1.50-8.84, P=0.004) and myocardial injury (adj.OR=2.64, 95% CI 1.10-6.35, P=0.030).mplications more likely to arise in specific ethnicities will allow a more timely diagnosis and preventive measures for patients at risk. Due to increased mortality, individuals of Afro-Caribbean and Asian ethnicity should be considered as high-risk groups. This may have an impact on health-resource allocation and planning, definition of vulnerable groups, disease management, and the protection of healthcare workers at the frontline.Most studies on leptin in diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to healthy controls were done in Caucasians, with conflicting findings. Paucity of data on this exists in Nigerian-Africans. Therefore, the study determined plasma leptin concentrations in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes versus controls and its relation to obesity/demographic-metabolic indices. A cross-sectional comparative study on 154 subjects 67 diabetes and 87 healthy controls at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Leptin was determined by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's Correlation and Step-wise Multiple Logistic Regression analysis of Log-transformed variables determined outcomes. Leptin trended towards lower levels in DM subjects than controls when both sexes were combined, though insignificant (P=0.12). Leptin was significantly (P0.05) correlation to fasting insulin (FI) and HOMA-IR. WC was an independent predictor of Ln10hyperleptinaemia in DM subjects (OR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.03-1.23, P=0.01). BMI showed significant (P less then 0.001) association with Ln10hyperleptinaemia in both subjects. Conclusively, leptin trends towards lower levels but are not different in newly diagnosed DM than controls. The association of leptin with obesity is similar but stronger in diabetes than controls, with no relations to FI and HOMA-IR. WC and BMI are independent predictors of hyperleptinaemia.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-established complication of trauma. So far, the factors that are related to early post-traumatic pulmonary embolism (PE) occurrence have been given little attention.

We have conducted this literature review in order to analyze the incidence and the physiopathology of post-traumatic PE among intensive care unit (ICU) trauma patients, analyze the incidence of early post-traumatic PE, and elucidate risk factors associated with post-traumatic PE. Moreover, we aim to study the impact/outcome of post-traumatic PE in the ICU.

We used the PubMed and EMBASE databases and entered the following key words in MeSH research Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), Post-traumatic Pulmonary embolism, Early pulmonary-embolism, risk factors, and Prognosis.

The incidence of PE among trauma patients varies considerably, ranging from 0.35% to 24%. The incidence of early post-traumatic PE varies widely from 10 to 42%. After a traumatic injury, many factors have been found to be responsible for thers associated with PE (in particular early PE). PE development was associated with high rates of mortality, nosocomial infections, and a prolonged stay in an ICU and/or in a hospital. Therefore, prevention is warranted.
Post-traumatic PE is frequent in ICUs. Inflammation acting via endothelial damage may be considered as a fourth factor in addition to the Virchow's triad of risk factors for venous thrombosis. Fractures of the lower extremities, obesity, and age happen to be the most frequent factors associated with PE (in particular early PE). PE development was associated with high rates of mortality, nosocomial infections, and a prolonged stay in an ICU and/or in a hospital. Therefore, prevention is warranted.
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