Notes

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To compare the reduction of residual dentine thickness of two different post preparation methods on the mandibular second molars with a C-shaped root canal configuration.

A total of 26 extracted right mandibular second molars with a C-shaped root canal configuration were selected and paired based on similar canal morphology. Each of the paired teeth was randomly allocated to the heat and ultrasonic instruments group (HU group) or Peeso Reamer (Mani, Utsonomiya, Japan) group (PR group) (n = 13) and received post preparation with different instruments after the same endodontic treatment. The reduction of residual dentine thickness and the minimal remaining dentine thickness at the apical sections at 4 or 7 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) were recorded. VOOhpic The data were analysed using an independent samples t test (α = 0.05).

The reduction of residual dentine thickness for the HU group was less than that for the PR group in the two sections. Moreover, at the section 7 mm below the CEJ, the teeth reduction of the distolingual wall in the HU group (0.022 ± 0.007 mm) was significantly lower than that in the PR group (0.101 ± 0.013 mm) (P < 0.01).

Using heat and ultrasonic instruments to perform post preparation could follow the original canal configuration to save more tooth structure in the remaining root canal wall, minimise the reduction of residual dentine thickness and decrease the incidence of root canal perforation.
Using heat and ultrasonic instruments to perform post preparation could follow the original canal configuration to save more tooth structure in the remaining root canal wall, minimise the reduction of residual dentine thickness and decrease the incidence of root canal perforation.
To evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of resin cement to a lithium disilicate glass ceramic conditioned with different surface treatment procedures.

Crystallised slices of lithium disilicate glass ceramic were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) according to different surface treatment procedures the no surface treatment (NT) group was untreated; the hydrofluoric acid (HF) group was conditioned with 4.5% HF; the silane (S) group was conditioned with a silane coupling agent; the hydrofluoric acid and silane (HFS) group was conditioned with HF followed by the silane coupling agent; and the Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) group was conditioned with the one-step self-etching primer MEP. Resin cement was applied to the ceramic surfaces and irradiated. A μSBS test was performed. Failure analysis, surface roughness tests, surface topography examination and elemental analysis were also conducted. The data were analysed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference test (P < 0.05).

The MEP group resulted in comparable μSBS to the HFS group (16.9 ± 4.3 MPa and 16.0 ± 2.2 MPa, respectively), but a significantly higher μSBS than the NT (1.0 ± 0.9 MPa), HF (8.9 ± 3.9 MPa) and S (12.6 ± 2.5 MPa) groups. Adhesive failure was mainly observed in the NT and HF groups, while the S, HFS and MEP groups demonstrated the most mixed failure. Though micrographs revealed a roughened surface in the HF group, no significant difference was found with any other groups.

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the μSBS of resin cement to lithium disilicate glass ceramic etched with MEP is as efficient as that treated with HF and silane.
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the μSBS of resin cement to lithium disilicate glass ceramic etched with MEP is as efficient as that treated with HF and silane.
To compare the efficiency of a new sonic powered irrigation system named EDDY (VDW, Munich, Germany), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in root canal sealer penetration.

A total of 45 mandibular premolars were instrumented up to size 30, 0.9 taper and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15) depending on the final irrigation activation technique EDDY, PUI or CNI. After the final irrigation procedures, the root canals were obturated with labelled sealer mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. Transverse sections at 3, 5 and 7 mm from the root apex were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The maximum depth and total area and percentage of sealer penetration were measured using ImageJ analysis software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).

In the EDDY group, the penetration depth was higher compared to the CNI group in the apical and middle sections and compared to the PUI group in the apical section (P ˂ 0.05). The penetration area in the EDDY group was higher compared to the CNI group in all sections and compared to the PUI group in the coronal section (P ˂ 0.05). The percentage of penetration was higher in the EDDY group compared to the CNI group in all sections and compared to the PUI group in the coronal section (P ˂ 0.05).

In the present study, sealer penetration was superior in the EDDY group than the CNI group in the apical section. In the middle and coronal sections, sealer penetration was similar for the EDDY and PUI groups.
In the present study, sealer penetration was superior in the EDDY group than the CNI group in the apical section. In the middle and coronal sections, sealer penetration was similar for the EDDY and PUI groups.adolescents aged 12 to 15 years based on the 4th National Oral Health Survey and to explore its associated factors.
Students aged 12 to 15 years were recruited using to a multistage stratified random sampling method. All the subjects received oral examination and completed a questionnaire. Information relating to OHRQoL was collected through a Mandarin version of the child oral impacts on daily performances (Child-OIDP) questionnaire. The relationship between the Child-OIDP scores and independent variables was assessed using a Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and a multivariate Poisson regression.

A total of 89,582 subjects were included in the analysis, of whom 76.6% reported oral impacts in the last 6 months. Eating was the most affected daily performance. The results of the regression analysis showed that factors associated with adolescents' OHRQoL included sex, location of residence, region, only child status, parents' level of education, frequency of sugar consumption, self-perception of general/oral health, dental appointments in the past 12 months, oral health knowledge status, age, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and number of teeth with gingival bleeding.
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