Notes

Exceptional position magneto-optic isolators.
Atomic force microscopy investigations revealed the formation of a textured surface and a decrease in the root-mean-square roughness with an increase in the annealing time from 0 to 360 h. As a key component with considerable application potential in PV/CST hybrid systems, SBS films are currently an important research topic.Surface-fixation induced emission is a fluorescence enhancement phenomenon, which is expressed when dye molecules satisfy a specific adsorption condition on the anionic clay surface. The photophysical behaviors of two types of cationic acridinium derivatives [10-methylacridinium perchlorate (Acr+) and 10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium perchlorate (PhAcr+)] on the synthetic saponites with different anionic charge densities were investigated. Under the suitable conditions, the fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) of PhAcr+ was enhanced 22.3 times by the complex formation with saponite compared to that in water without saponite. As the inter-negative charge distance of saponite increased from 1.04 to 1.54 nm, the Φf of PhAcr+ increased 1.25 times. In addition, the increase in the negative charge distance caused the increase in the integral value of the extinction coefficient and the radiative deactivation rate constant (k f) and the decrease in the nonradiative deactivation rate constant. It should be noted that the 2.3 times increase in k f is the highest among the reported values for the effect of clay. From these results, it was concluded that the photophysical properties of dyes can be modulated by changing the charge density of clay minerals.The hydrostatic pressure exerted during the drilling operation is controlled by adding a weighting agent into drilling fluids. Various weighting materials such as barite, calcium carbonate, hematite, and ilmenite are used to increase the density of drilling fluids. Some weighting additives can cause serious drilling problems, including particle settling, formation damage, erosion, and insoluble filters. In this study, anhydrite (calcium sulfate) is used as a weighting additive in the oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF). Anhydrite is an abundantly available resource used in the preparation of desiccant, plaster of Paris, and Stucco. Anhydrite application in drilling fluids is discouraged because of its filter cake removal issue. This study investigated anhydrite (anhydrous CaSO4) as a weighting agent and its filter cake removal procedure for OBDFs. The anhydrite performance as a weighting agent in OBDFs was evaluated by conducting several laboratory experiments such as density, rheology, fluid loss, and electricalintroduction of anhydrite as a weighting agent can be more beneficial for both academia and industry.Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a potential CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) technology that can easily separate CO2 and H2O without energy loss and greatly improve the efficiency of carbon capture. Due to the inherent defects of natural iron ore, such as low reactivity and poor oxygen carrying capacity, four kinds of biomass ashes (rape stalk ash, rice stalk ash, platane wood ash, and U. lactuca ash) that have different constituents of K, Na, Ca, and Si were applied to modify the redox performance of natural iron ore. The effects of biomass ash type, constituent, reaction temperature, H2O vapor flow rate, and redox cycle on the CLC process were assessed experimentally in a batch fluidized bed reactor system. Oxygen carrier physicochemical characteristics were determined by several analytical techniques. The results showed that rape stalk ash, platane wood ash, and U. lactuca ash with a high K content and high K/Si ratio significantly improved the reactivity and cycle stability of iron ore, even after 10 redox cycles, while rice straw ash with a low K/Si ratio showed an inhibitory effect due to the formation of bridge eutectics, which enhanced agglomeration. In a range from 800 to 950 °C, higher temperatures led to a much better ability to promote the CLC process than lower temperatures. A higher flow rate of H2O had little effect on the further promotion of the CLC process due to hydrogen inhibition. It is believed that the application of BA-modified iron ore oxygen carriers is an effective strategy to improve the CLC process.This research was aimed to examine the diesel engine's performance and emission of secondary fuels (SFs), comprising waste plastic oil (WPO) and palm oil biodiesel (POB), and to analyze their tribological properties. Their compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five SFs (10-50% POB in WPO) were prepared by mechanical stirring. The results were compared to blank WPO (WPO100) and Malaysian commercial diesel (B10). WPO90 showed the maximum brake power (BP) and brake torque (BT) among the SFs, and their values were 0.52 and 0.59% higher compared to B10, respectively. The increase in POB ratio (20-50%) showed a negligible difference in BP and BT. WPO70 showed the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption among the SFs. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with POB composition. find more The maximum reductions in emission of hydrocarbon (HC, 37.21%) and carbon monoxide (CO, 27.10%) were achieved by WPO50 among the SFs. WPO90 showed the maximum reduction in CO2 emission (6.78%). Increasing the POB composition reduced the CO emissions and increased the CO2 emissions. All SFs showed a higher coefficient of friction (COF) than WPO100. WPO50 showed the minimal increase in COF of 2.45%. WPO90 showed the maximum reduction in wear scar diameter (WSD), by 10.34%, compared to B10. Among the secondary contaminated samples, SAE40-WPO90 showed the lowest COF, with 5.98% reduction compared to SAE40-WPO100. However, with increasing POB content in the secondary contaminated samples, the COF increased. The same trend was also observed in their WSD. Overall, WPO90 is the optimal SF with excellent potential for diesel engines.Liquid-filled porous materials exist widely in nature and engineering fields, with the diffusion of substances in them playing an important role in system functions. Although surface evaporation is often inevitable in practical scenarios, the evaporation effects on diffusion behavior in liquid-filled porous materials have not been well explored yet. In this work, we performed noninvasive diffusion imaging experiments to observe the diffusion process of erioglaucine disodium salt dye in a liquid-filled nitrocellulose membrane under a wide range of relative humidities (RHs). We found that evaporation can significantly accelerate the diffusion rate and alter concentration distribution compared with the case without evaporation. We explained the accelerated diffusion phenomenon by the mechanism that evaporation would induce a weak flow in liquid-filled porous materials, which leads to convective diffusion, i.e., evaporation-induced flow and diffusion (EIFD). Based on the EIFD mechanism, we proposed a convective diffusion model to quantitatively predict the diffusion process in liquid-filled porous materials under evaporation and experimentally validated the model. Introducing the dimensionless Peclet (P e) number to measure the relative contribution of the evaporation effect to pure molecular diffusion, we demonstrated that even at a high RH of 95%, where the evaporation effect is usually assumed negligible in common sense, the evaporation-induced diffusion still overwhelms the molecular diffusion. The flow velocity induced by evaporation in liquid-filled porous materials was found to be 0.4-5 μm/s, comparable to flow in many biological and biomedical systems. The present analysis may help to explain the driving mechanism of tissue perfusion and provide quantitative analysis or inspire new control methods of flow and material exchange in numerous cutting-edge technologies, such as paper-based diagnostics, hydrogel-based flexible electronics, evaporation-induced electricity generation, and seawater purification.Agroindustrial biomass residues are considered potential feedstocks for renewable fuels and chemical production through processes such as thermal conversion. In this regard, thermal conversion characteristics of molasses, a byproduct from sugar production, have not been investigated. In this study, thermal conversion properties of molasses at temperatures of 700-900 °C have been studied using a single-particle reactor. Fuel swelling, combustion times, CO gas yields and gasification reactivities, and NO emissions and release of K and Cl during combustion and gasification were the thermal conversion characteristics of the molasses studied. In addition, the melting behavior of molasses ash produced at 500 °C was assessed using FactSage thermodynamic modeling and differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis measurements. Results of the molasses thermal conversion properties were compared with those of vinasse and black liquor samples from the integrated sugar-ethanol mill and soda pulping of hardwor the production of energy and recovery of inorganic chemicals from molasses.Atomic-scale information is essential for understanding and designing unique structures and properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Recent developments in in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) enable research to provide abundant insights into the growth of nanomaterials. In this study, 2D MoS2 is synthesized on a suspended graphene substrate inside a TEM column through thermolysis of the ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (NH4)2MoS4 precursor at 500 °C. To avoid misinterpretation of the in situ STEM images, a deep-learning framework, DeepSTEM, is developed. The DeepSTEM framework successfully reconstructs an object function in atomic-resolution STEM imaging for accurate determination of the atomic structure and dynamic analysis. In situ STEM imaging with DeepSTEM enables observation of the edge configuration, formation, and reknitting progress of MoS2 clusters with the formation of a mirror twin boundary. The synthesized MoS2/graphene heterostructure shows various twist angles, as revealed by atomic-resolution TEM. This deep-learning framework-assisted in situ STEM imaging provides atomic information for in-depth studies on the growth and structure of 2D materials and shows the potential use of deep-learning techniques in 2D material research.In this investigation, the relationship between fiber properties and papermaking properties of 22 non-wood materials at the unrefined and refined states was assessed. The fiber length had positive and the cell wall thickness had negative correlation on the strength properties for the refined pulp. The relationship between papermaking properties with pulp quality, such as fines, curl index, kink index, external fibrillation, and coarseness, was also determined. The correlations of multiple regression equations of fiber quality parameters were 70.4% for the tensile index and 84.9% for the tear index for the refined pulp. The correlations of multiple regression equations of chemical characteristics of the samples were 81.9% for the pulp yield and 42.7% for the kappa number. Holocellulose and α-cellulose had a positive and lignin had a negative effect on the pulp yield.
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