Notes

Single nucleotide polymorphism throughout avian uncoupling protein gene is assigned to thermoregulation in chicks.
Family Medicine was introduced as a major undergraduate clinical rotation in 2016 after the medical college at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University revised its curriculum.

Assessing how students' medical knowledge has improved post Family Medicine introduction to the revised medical school curriculum.

This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study among fifth year clinical medical students (n = 219). A pretest and post-test was distributed to all fifth year clinical medical students voluntarily during the period of October 2017 to May 2018. They were asked to rate the exam as well.

The mean exam grades were 25.52 (SD = 4.44) and 34.16 (SD = 5.76) for pre-rotation and post-rotation, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between post and pre rotation exam grade for the overall sample (
(218) = 23.73,
 < .0001) indicating that students had a statistically significantly higher exam grades post-rotation (M = 34.16, SD = 5.76) than pre-rotation (M = 25.52, SD = 4.44). Females had a statistically significantly larger difference in post-rotation and pre-rotation exam grade than males indicating that they improved more in the post rotation exam. It was found that nearly 60% (59.36%) of subjects considered the exam difficult before the rotation; however, only around 40% (40.18%) considered the exam difficult after the rotation.

Students benefited after taking the course of family medicine. This helps in advocating for both the importance of this specialty and for the university's decision in incorporating family medicine as a major clinical rotation for undergraduates.
Students benefited after taking the course of family medicine. This helps in advocating for both the importance of this specialty and for the university's decision in incorporating family medicine as a major clinical rotation for undergraduates.
Under-five morbidity is a significant public health concern in developing countries, and maternal intervention remains vital to achieving under-five optimal health.

The study examined the influence of maternal self-rated capability status (SCS) on under-five morbidity in Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State, Nigeria.

The study interviewed 683 nursing mothers surveyed from 20 primary healthcare centers (PHCs) from 13th to 27th September 2018 in the LGA of study. We employed logistic regression models to examine the association of 4 domains of maternal SCS on under-five morbidity incidence controlling for the potential confounding effects of maternal, child, and household sociodemographic attributes.

Under-five children of mothers with poor status in the knowledge of child morbidity, experience-informed action, child morbidity exposure, and childcare vulnerability domains are, respectively, 497%, 323%, 400%, and 318% more likely to be at risk of morbidity than their peers born to mothers with good status. In addition, the odds of morbidity were lower for children born to women with more than 1 under-five children (AOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27, 0.88), while the odds were higher for those from households that are food-insecure (AOR 3.16, 95% CI 1.31, 7.65) and dispose of wastes within the compound (AOR 2.67, 95% CI 1.31, 5.45) relative to children in the comparative categories.

Our findings revealed the significance of maternal SCS as a crucial pathway for understanding and reducing under-five morbidity. Community interventions should prioritize empowering nursing mothers with prevention and care information necessary to reduce the under-five morbidity burden at the community level.
Our findings revealed the significance of maternal SCS as a crucial pathway for understanding and reducing under-five morbidity. Community interventions should prioritize empowering nursing mothers with prevention and care information necessary to reduce the under-five morbidity burden at the community level.
Essential workers in the United States need access to health care services for preventive care and for diagnosis and treatment of illnesses (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] or other infectious or chronic diseases) to remain healthy and continue working during a pandemic. This study evaluated access to health care services among selected essential workers.

We used the most recent data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017-2018, to estimate the prevalence of 4 measures of health care access (having health insurance, being able to afford to see a doctor when needed, having a personal health care provider, and having a routine checkup in the past year) by broad and detailed occupation group among 189 208 adults aged 18-64.

Of all occupations studied, workers in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were most likely to have no health insurance (46.4%). Personal care aides were most likely to have been unable to see a doctor when needed because of cost (29.3%). Construction laboreential workers' access to medical testing and needed care and hinder their ability to address underlying conditions, thereby increasing their risk of severe outcomes from some infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. Improving access to health care for all workers, including essential workers, is critical to ensure workers' health and workforce stability.
Instructional videos of medical procedures can be a useful guide for learners, demonstrating proper and safe technique. Open publishing sites such as YouTube are readily accessible, however the content is not peer reviewed and quality of videos vary greatly. Our aim was to evaluate a learner's ability to interpret the quality of openly published content by comparing their rating of the most popular central line insertion videos on YouTube to expert evaluations.

YouTube search results for "central line placement" sorted by views or relevance compiled a list of the four most common videos. A fifth gold standard video, published by the
, was included, however was not found in the top results. click here Eleven expert practitioners from varying medical specialties (Critical Care, Surgery, Anesthesia, & Emergency Medicine) evaluated the 5 videos, utilizing a 22-item Likert scaled questionnaire emphasizing preparation, sterility, anatomy, technique, & complications. Videos were compared as a composite average ofvideos overall better than experts, this was particularly true in the PGY-1 subgroup.

The most popular central line insertion video was the worst rated by both experts and learners. Learners rated all the videos better than the expert. YouTube videos demonstrating medical procedures including central line insertion should come from peer reviewed sources if they are to be incorporated into educational curriculum.
The most popular central line insertion video was the worst rated by both experts and learners. Learners rated all the videos better than the expert. link2 YouTube videos demonstrating medical procedures including central line insertion should come from peer reviewed sources if they are to be incorporated into educational curriculum.
Accurate diagnosis and measurement of intracranial aneurysms are challenging. This study aimed to develop a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) model to detect and segment intracranial aneurysms (IA) on 3D rotational DSA (3D-RA) images.

3D-RA images were collected and annotated by 5 neuroradiologists. The annotated images were then divided into three datasets training, validation, and test. A 3D Dense-UNet-like CNN (3D-Dense-UNet) segmentation algorithm was constructed and trained using the training dataset. Diagnostic performance to detect aneurysms and segmentation accuracy was assessed for the final model on the test dataset using the free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC). Finally, the CNN-inferred maximum diameter was compared against expert measurements by Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA).

A total of 451 patients with 3D-RA images were split into n = 347/41/63 training/validation/test datasets, respectively. For aneurysm detection, observed FROC analysis showed that the model managed to attain a sensitivity of 0.710 at 0.159 false positives (FP)/case, and 0.986 at 1.49 FP/case. The proposed method had good agreement with reference manual aneurysmal maximum diameter measurements (8.3 ± 4.3 mm vs. 7.8 ± 4.8 mm), with a correlation coefficient r = 0.77, small bias of 0.24 mm, and LOA of -6.2 to 5.71 mm. 37.0% and 77% of diameter measurements were within ±1 mm and ±2.5 mm of expert measurements.

A 3D-Dense-UNet model can detect and segment aneurysms with relatively high accuracy using 3D-RA images. The automatically measured maximum diameter has potential clinical application value.
A 3D-Dense-UNet model can detect and segment aneurysms with relatively high accuracy using 3D-RA images. The automatically measured maximum diameter has potential clinical application value.We herein report a rare case of a patient with a clival diploic vein arteriovenous fistula (AVF) associated with a posterior condylar canal AVF and discuss the radiological features of clival diploic vein AVF during decision-making on treatment strategies. A 69-year-old male patient with one-year history of pulsatile tinnitus was evaluated with magnetic resonance angiography, which revealed a dilated venous structure. link3 Digital subtraction angiography revealed AVFs located in the clivus and posterior condylar canal. The clival diploic vein AVF was fed by the right internal maxillary artery and the petrous branch of middle meningeal artery and shed to the posterior condylar canal only through an intraosseous vein in the jugular tubercle. Although a catheter could not be navigated into the venous pouch in the clivus, the AVFs were successfully obliterated by transvenous embolization of the venous pouch in the posterior condylar canal.
The aim was to analyze genetic mutations in the
gene of rifampin-resistant
isolates (RIF
-MTB) from Zhejiang, China.

We prospectively analyzed RIF
-associated mutations in 13 rural areas of Zhejiang. Isolates were subjected to species identification, phenotype drug susceptibility testing (DST), DNA extraction, and
gene sequencing.

A total of 103 RIF
isolates were identified by DST (22 RIF
only, 14 poly-drug resistant, 49 multidrug resistant, 13 pre-extensively drug resistant [pre-XDR], and 5 extensively drug resistant [XDR]) from 2152 culture-positive sputum specimens. Gene sequencing of
showed that the most frequent mutation was S450L (37.86%, 39/103); mutations P280L, E521K, and D595Y were outside the rifampicin resistance-determining region (RRDR) but may be associated with RIF
. Mutations associated with poly-drug resistant, pre-XDR, and XDR TB were mainly located at codon 445 or 450 in the RRDR.

The frequency of
RRDR mutation in Zhejiang is high. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationships between RIF
and the TTC insertion at codon 433 in the RRDR and the P280L and D595Y mutations outside the RRDR.
The frequency of rpoB RRDR mutation in Zhejiang is high. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationships between RIFR and the TTC insertion at codon 433 in the RRDR and the P280L and D595Y mutations outside the RRDR.
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