Notes

Stretch-Induced Rounding about of Soft Ribbed Pieces.
Besides, the degradation mechanism of MOFs as catalysts has not been systematically discussed. To this end, the mechanisms of MOFs and MOF-based materials as catalysts to activate PMS/PS in different systems are analyzed, including radicals and non-radicals pathways. Meanwhile, considering that the research in this field is still in its infancy, a lot of improvements are still needed to effectively promote and implement this technology.Some rhizosphere bacteria could colonize on the root surface of plants, or even form biofilm to promote plant growth, enhance plant resistance to harsh external environments and block the soil contamination. In this study, to explore the effects of pyrene-degrading bacterium on root surface on plant uptake of pyrene, a pyrene-degrading bacterium Mycolicibacterium sp. Pyr9 was isolated from the root surface of Eleusine indica L. Gaertn. in PAH-contaminated fields; after antibiotic labeling, it was colonized onto the root surface of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and its distribution and performance were monitored under different levels of pyrene contamination. Strain Pyr9 could degrade 98% of pyrene (with an initial concentration of 50 mg L-1) in culture solution within 8 d; it also owns a variety of plant growth promoting characteristics and appreciable tolerance to harsh environments. The transcription of pyrene catabolic genes in Pyr9 enhanced obviously when induced by pyrene. Pyr9 colonized and grew well on the root surface of white clover via root inoculation; some cells could even enter into the root tissues and move to the shoots. Compared with the Pyr9-free treatment, the pyrene contents in the roots and shoots of Pyr9-inoculated white clover decreased by 25%-30% and 33%-42%, respectively. Correspondingly, the pyrene accumulation and translocation factors in white clover decreased as well. These results indicate that Pyr9 would be a good potential to circumvent plant pyrene pollution. This research may provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the safety of agricultural products and human health in PAH-contaminated sites.Nitrogen-doped porous graphene oxide (N-PGO) was synthesized, characterized, and applied as a hydrophilic nanomaterial in fabrication of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for Reactive Red 195 dye and bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein separation. The N-PGO nanosheets not merely showed a good adhesion towards polymers, but simultaneously promoted hydrogen bonding action. Therefore, high-efficiency permeation passageway in the separation layer of membranes was attained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses approved nitrogen doping, which increased hydrophilicity and hydrogen bonding ability of PGO in water filtration. The pure water permeation of nanocomposite membranes could reach as high as 190 L m-2 h-1 at 3 bar. A dye rejection efficiency higher than 92% and BSA rejection higher than 95% were accordingly obtained. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images approved formation of a rough surface that was decreased by addition of low amounts of the PGO. SEM images provided from the surface also confirmed enlarged pore size and increased porosity. Antifouling properties were investigated by BSA filtration, and results showed that the flux recovery ratio of the N-PGO membrane was improved. Overall, the N-PGO hybrid membranes exhibited potential for application in separation of typical proteins and dyes with good antifouling properties.Antimony (Sb) is a highly toxic heavy metal, and the amount of Sb in the soil is increasing due to anthropogenic activities. Recently, biochar (BC) has been used for remediation of Sb-contaminated soil, therefore, understanding the effect of BC-induced changes in soil microbial on the change of Sb speciation will help to elucidate the mechanism of BC in immobilization/mobilization of Sb in contaminated soils. Sb-contaminated soil with 10 wt % of Wheat straw-derived BC (SBC) and fruit (apple) tree-derived BC (FBC) and control was incubated for 130 days. Changes of soil bacterial community composition and Sb oxidation gene induced by BC were explored during the incubation. Dynamic change of Sb speciation was assessed by the citric acid extraction. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and spearman analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the relationship between Sb immobilization/mobilization and change of soil bacterial community induced by BC. The soil properties change induced by BC affected soil bacterial community composition, and Sb mobilization was strongly related to the change of soil bacterial community composition. The relative abundance of Sb oxidation gene increased in the soil amended by BC, which proved that oxidation of Sb(III) after 20 d incubation with SBC and 50 d incubation with FBC incubation. It is noteworthy that the application of BC has a potential mobilizing risk for Sb and both the change of soil bacteria and soil chemical properties play an important role in Sb mobilization. The possible risks induced by BC should be considered before applying the BC to Sb contaminated soil.To enhance the mineralization of toxic organic pollutants is crucial for the alleviation of environmental pollution. In this study, the successive non-radicals and radicals process (SNRP) of peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based oxidation was performed using various methods for PMS activation, including UV, ozone, gamma radiation and biochar and applied for enhancing the mineralization of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The results showed that SNRP-UV could improve the mineralization of SMX, and both SNRP-UV and PMS/UV could completely mineralize SMX. For SNRP-Ozone, SNRP-Radiation and SNRP-Biochar, compared to the sole radical oxidation, all SNRPs could enhance the mineralization of SMX. The biochar-induced SNRP obtained the maximum mineralization increment, followed by gamma irradiation-induced SNRP and ozone-induced SNRP. Sulfate radicals were mainly responsible for SMX mineralization for SNRP-Biochar, while hydroxyl radicals for SNRP-Radiation, and the synergetic effect of ozone and sulfate radicals for SNRP-Ozone. Different degradation intermediate products were identified in different SNRP, further revealing that SNRP induced by different methods had different mineralization capacity. This study further demonstrated that SNRP could be a new strategy for enhancing the mineralization of SMX.The MSWI fly ash (FA) is classified as hazardous waste and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) as the harmful industrial waste. FA, water-washed FA (WFA), EMR and coal fly ash (CFA) were co-recycled to form lightweight MFCE ceramisites. The effects of FA, WFA and mixed MSWI fly ash on ceramisites were discussed. The approach to mixing FA and WFA increased the recycling amount of MSWI fly ash. The optimal mixture of 34.5% EMR, 24.1% CFA, 20.7% FA and 20.7% WFA sintered at 1160 °C for 12 min with a procedural heating rate (10 °C/min) and belonged to Class 800 artificial lightweight aggregate (GB/T 17431.1-2010); the quantity of MSWI fly ash in ceramisite was as high as 41.4%. Volatilization rates of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr for ceramisite were higher 75.0, 24.2, 62.7, 133, 343 and 764% than FA respectively, attributed to the co-existence of chlorides and sulfates. The remained Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn and Cr were exchanged with Mg2+/Ca2+/Al3+ of diopside and wollastonite to form residual fractions. Our findings provided a feasibility method of co-recycling MSWI fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue to produce green lightweight aggregates.Due to the characteristics of both rare earth elements (REEs) and nanoparticles (NPs), Y2O3 NPs have been widely used in the fields of medicine, military industry, and agriculture, especially in the areas of electricity, light, magnetism, and catalysis. Given this widespread use, it is inevitable that Y2O3 NPs and soluble Y3+ will enter bodies of water through the processes involved in their preparation, application, and disposal. We sought to investigate the toxicities of Y2O3 NPs and Y3+ ions on rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.), as well as the uptake and distribution of Y2O3 NPs under hydroponic conditions. Our results indicated that Y2O3 NPs and released Y3+ had no significant effect on the germination rate of rice. However, high concentrations of Y2O3 NPs (50 and 100 mg/L) delayed seed germination. As for rice root elongation, low concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) of Y2O3 NPs had a positive effect. Notably, when Y2O3 NPs concentration reached 20 mg/L and higher, root elongation was significantly inhibited. According to the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice seedlings under Y stress, Y2O3 NPs ranging from 20 to 100 mg/L significantly reduced chlorophyll contents and root activity. Using ICP-MS and TEM analyses, Y2O3 NPs and Y3+ were shown to be mainly absorbed and accumulated in the roots. With Y2O3 NPs exposure, the Y transport coefficient from the roots to the shoots of rice was 1.94-7.55%. Comparatively, Y3+ ions had an insignificant effect on plant growth, with the phytotoxicity of Y being mainly produced by Y2O3 NPs.Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane, a crop largely dependent on chemical control for its maintenance. The insecticide fipronil and herbicide 2,4-D stand out among the most commonly used pesticides and, therefore, environmental consequences are a matter of concern. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity mechanisms of Regent® 800 WG (a.i. fipronil) and DMA® 806 BR (a.i. 2,4-D) pesticides using forced and non-forced exposures through an integrative approach firstly, to assess whether contamination by fipronil and 2,4-D can trigger the avoidance behavior of the fish Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Hyphessobrycon eques (serpae tetra or mato-grosso). Additionally, the effects on fish were analyzed considering the swimming behavior together with a biomarker of neurotoxicity, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In avoidance tests with pesticide gradients, D. rerio avoided the highest concentrations of the two compounds and H. eques avoided only the highest concentration of 2,4-D. The swimming behavior (distance moved) was reduced and AChE was inhibited when D. rerio was exposed to fipronil. The 2,4-D affected the swimming (maximum speed) of H. eques, but AChE was not altered. Trichostatin A mw Avoidance response seemed not to have been affected by possible effects of contaminants on swimming behavior and Ache activity. This study showed the importance of knowing the avoidance capacity, swimming behavior and neurotoxic effects of pesticides on fish in an integrated and realistic context of exposure in environments contaminated with pesticides and can be useful as ecologically relevant tools for ecological risk assessment.236U has attracted more attention as an environmental tracer in recent years. However, in-depth study of 236U in terrestrial environments is still rare in China. Data on 236U and 137Cs concentrations in soil and road dust samples collected from Beijing and Zhangjiakou, China were obtained to demonstrate the background and distinct characteristics of anthropogenic 236U and 137Cs. 236U and 137Cs were detected in the range of (1.10-7.90) × 107 atoms g-1 and below the method limits of detection to 5.30 Bq kg-1. A clear characteristic was observed in road dust, where 236U concentrations increased with decreasing of sample particle size. Soil samples showed an irregular characteristic, but the highest 236U concentrations were observed in particle size fraction of less then 0.053 mm in both samples. This phenomenon was caused by U chemical properties, higher specific surface areas and organic compounds in fine particles. Anthropogenic radionuclides fingerprint characteristics in less then 0.053 mm samples were specially discussed.
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