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A new Multi-Scale Computational Product for your Rat Ventricle: Building, Parallelization, and Applications.
The CuNP/paint-coated surface showed powerful inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, although further study is needed to elucidate the inactivation mechanisms. Applications of CuNP/paint coatings to public or hospital facilities and other commonly touched areas are expected to be beneficial.The ever-increasing demand for artificial intelligence (AI) systems is underlining a significant requirement for new, AI-optimised hardware. Neuromorphic (brain-like) processors are one highly-promising solution, with photonic-enabled realizations receiving increasing attention. Among these, approaches based upon vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are attracting interest given their favourable attributes and mature technology. Here, we demonstrate a hardware-friendly neuromorphic photonic spike processor, using a single VCSEL, for all-optical image edge-feature detection. This exploits the ability of a VCSEL-based photonic neuron to integrate temporally-encoded pixel data at high speed; and fire fast (100 ps-long) optical spikes upon detecting desired image features. Furthermore, the photonic system is combined with a software-implemented spiking neural network yielding a full platform for complex image classification tasks. This work therefore highlights the potential of VCSEL-based platforms for novel, ultrafast, all-optical neuromorphic processors interfacing with current computation and communication systems for use in future light-enabled AI and computer vision functionalities.In recent years, fatigue has become an important issue in modern life that cannot be ignored, especially in some special occupations. Agricultural workers are high-risk occupations that, under fatigue conditions over a long period, will cause health problems. In China, since very few studies have focused on the fatigue state of agricultural workers, we were interested in using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to analyze the fatigue state of agricultural workers. Healthy agricultural workers were randomly recruited from hilly orchards in South China. Through the field experiment, 130 groups of 5-min interval ECG signals were collected, and we analyzed the ECG signal by HRV. The time domain (meanHR, meanRR, SDNN, RMSSD, SDSD, PNN20, PNN50 and CV), frequency domain (VLF percent, LF percent, HF percent, LF norm, HF norm and LF/HF) and nonlinear parameters (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 and sample entropy) were calculated and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed on each parameter for further analysis. For all subjects, nine parameters were slightly correlated in nonfatigue and fatigue state. Six parameters were significantly increased and ten HRV parameters were significantly decreased compared the nonfatigue state. As for males, fifteen parameters were significantly different, and for females, eighteen parameters were significantly different. In addition, the probability density functions of SDNN, SDSD, VLF%, HFnorm and LF/HF were significantly different in nonfatigue and fatigue state for different genders, and the nonlinear parameters become more discrete compared the nonfatigue state. Finally, we obtained the most suitable parameters, which reflect the fatigue characteristics of orchard workers under different genders. The results have instructional significance for identifying fatigue in orchard workers and provide a convincing and valid reference for clinical diagnosis.This paper shows how to use the approximate Hamiltonian approach for the non-conservative system not capable of possessing Hamiltonian. Using the approximate Hamiltonian method for a non-conservative system is not possible in general. We propose a way to obtain the closed-form solutions for such systems. We use the approximate dual Hamiltonian method to construct the first integrals and closed-form solutions of the Van der Pol equation. First the solutions of the initial value VdP equation is obtained using approximate dual Hamiltonian method. Menadione nmr Then a good agreement is observed in the comparison between the numerical results and the results through approximate dual Hamiltonian method. Finally, we use the approximate dual Hamiltonian method to find the dual Hamiltonian and first integrals of the forced Van der Pol oscillator and Liénard system. These significant results can be applied to any Van der Pol equation.Flexible strain sensors are an important constituent in soft robotics, health care devices, and in the defence industry. Strain sensors are characterized by their sensitivity (gauge factor-GF) and sensing range. In flexible strain sensors, simultaneously achieving consistency and high sensitivity has always been challenging. A number of materials and their derivatives have been explored to achieve balanced sensitivity with respect to sensing range with limited results. In this work, a low-cost flexible piezoresistive strain sensor has been developed using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The reduction has been performed using laser scribing, which enables the fabrication of arbitrary structures. After lead-out, the devices were again sandwiched in a layer of PDMS to secure the structures before performing their testing using a locally developed testing rig. Compared to previously reported graphene strain sensors, the devices fabricated in this work show relatively high GF with respect to sensing range. The GF calculated for stretching, bending and torsion was 12.1, 3.5, and 90.3 respectively, for the strain range of 0-140%, 0-130%, and 0-11.1%. A hand test was performed for the detection of joint movement. Change of resistance has been observed indicating muscle motion.Electrochemical oxidation of imipramine (IMP) has been studied in aqueous solutions by cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry techniques. Our voltammetric results show a complex behavior for oxidation of IMP at different pH values. In this study, we focused our attention on the electrochemical oxidation of IMP at a pH of about 5. Under these conditions, our results show that the oxidation of IMP leads to the formation of a unique dimer of IMP (DIMP). The structure of synthesized dimer is fully characterized by UV-visible, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry techniques. It seems that the first step in the oxidation of IMP is the cleavage of the alkyl group (formation of IMPH). After this, a domino oxidation-hydroxylation-dimerization-oxidation reaction, converts IMPH to (E)-10,10',11,11'-tetrahydro-[2,2'-bidibenzo[b,f]azepinylidene]-1,1'(5H,5'H)-dione (DIMP). The synthesis of DIMP is performed in an aqueous solution under mild conditions, without the need for any catalyst or oxidant. Based on our electrochemical findings as well as the identification of the final product, a possible reaction mechanism for IMP oxidation has been proposed. Conjugated double bonds in the DIMP structure cause the compound to become colored with sufficient fluorescence activity (excitation wave-length 535 nm and emission wave-length 625 nm). Moreover, DIMP has been evaluated for in vitro antibacterial. The antibacterial tests indicated that DIMP showed good antibacterial performance against all examined gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei).Fermentation of dietary nutrients in ruminants' gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an essential mechanism utilized to meet daily energy requirements. Especially in lactating dairy cows, the GI microbiome plays a pivotal role in the breakdown of indigestible plant polysaccharides and supply most AAs, fatty acids, and gluconeogenic precursors for milk synthesis. Although the contribution of the rumen microbiome to production efficiency in dairy cows has been widely researched over the years, variations throughout the lactation and the lower gut microbiome contribution to these traits remain poorly characterized. Therefore, we investigated throughout lactation the relationship between the rumen and lower gut microbiomes with production efficiency traits in Holstein cows. We found that the microbiome from both locations has temporal stability throughout lactation, yet factors such as feed intake levels played a significant role in shaping microbiome diversity. The composition of the rumen microbiome was dependent on feed intake. In contrast, the lower gut microbiome was less dependent on feed intake and associated with a potentially enhanced ability to digest dietary nutrients. Therefore, milk production traits may be more correlated with microorganisms present in the lower gut than previously expected. The current study's findings advance our understanding of the temporal relationship of the rumen and lower gut microbiomes by enabling a broader overview of the gut microbiome and production efficiency towards more sustainable livestock production.Historically, thermal radiation is related to 3D cavities. In practice, however, it is known that almost any hot surface radiates according to Planck's law. This approximate universality roots in the smooth electromagnetic mode structure of free space, into which the radiation is emitted. Here, we study the effect for a strongly patterned mode structure and use quasi-transparent point-like thermal light emitters as a probe. As such, we choose current-driven graphene nanojunctions for which the emission into free space obeys Planck's law. Placed in front of a mirror, however, this process is highly sensitive to a node/antinode pattern of light modes. By varying the distance, we can sample the latter with atomic precision, and observe a deep imprint on the observed spectrum. The experiment allows an unprecedented view on thermal radiation in a spatially/spectrally patterned electromagnetic environment.A recently discovered electrophysiological response, the social N400, suggests that we use our language system to track how social partners comprehend language. Listeners show an increased N400 response, when themselves not, only a communicative partner experiences a semantic incongruity. Does the N400 reflect purely semantic or mentalistic computations as well? Do we attribute language comprehension to communicative partners using our semantic systems? In five electrophysiological experiments we identified two subcomponents of the social N400. First, we manipulated the presence-absence of an Observer during object naming the semantic memory system was activated by the presence of a social partner in addition to semantic predictions for the self. Next, we induced a false belief-and a consequent miscomprehension-in the Observer. Participants showed the social N400, over and above the social presence effect, to labels that were incongruent for the Observer, even though they were congruent for them. This effect appeared only if participants received explicit instructions to track the comprehension of the Observer. These findings suggest that the semantic systems of the brain are not merely sensitive to social information and contribute to the attribution of comprehension, but they appear to be mentalistic in nature.A drive waveform, which needs to be optimized with ink's fluid properties, is critical to reliable inkjet printing. A generally adopted rule of thumb for its design is mostly dependent on time-consuming and repetitive manual manipulation of its parameters. This work presents a closed-loop machine learning approach to designing an optimal drive waveform for satellite-free inkjet printing at a target velocity. Each of the representative 11 model inks with different fluid properties was ink-jetted with 1100 distinct waveform designs. The high-speed images of their jetting behaviors were acquired and the big datasets of the resulting drop formation and velocity were extracted from the jetting images. Five machine learning models were examined and compared to predict the characteristics of jetting behavior. Among a variety of machine learning models, Multi-layer Perceptron affords the highest prediction accuracy. A closed-loop prediction algorithm that determined the optimal set of waveform parameters for satellite-free drop formation at a target velocity and employed the most superior learning model was established.
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