Notes

Molecular mechanism fundamental the apoptotic modulation through ethanol extract of Pseudolarix kaempferi in mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the salivary glands.
Glucose concentrations were reduced only in lean subjects. There is a significant difference in PPL values when comparing lean to obese subjects, implying that the nutritional status influences lipid and carbohydrate after fasted low-intensity aerobic exercise. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00929890.
Low-intensity fasted aerobic exercise had no acute effect on PPL in lean and obese subjects. Glucose concentrations were reduced only in lean subjects. There is a significant difference in PPL values when comparing lean to obese subjects, implying that the nutritional status influences lipid and carbohydrate after fasted low-intensity aerobic exercise. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. Tiragolumab NCT00929890.
Vitamin D is known as a neuroprotective hormone with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. We evaluated the effect of vitamin D3 injection on vitamin D status and clinical outcomes in patients with low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection.

Patients with benign brain tumors and serum 25(OH)D levels ≤20ng/mL were randomized to two groups with an equal number of subjects. The study group (n=30) received intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU vitamin D3 prior to surgery. The control group (n=30) was left without intervention, and both groups underwent routine therapies.

On day 5 after craniotomy, the serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in the study group (P= <0.001). The length of ICU and hospital stay was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (P=0.01 and P=0.008, respectively). It was true when the age, tumor size, tumor type, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and calcium and albumin levels at baseline entered the logistic regression model (OR=0.17 (95%CI=0.04-0.72, P=0.01), and OR=0.19 (95%CI=0.04-0.82, P=0.02), respectively). With and without the application of logistic regression analysis, there was no significant difference in perioperative complications.

Intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU of vitamin D3 in patients with low serum levels of 25(OH)D undergoing craniotomy, could rise safely the serum 25(OH)D level. This intervention, significantly reduced the length of ICU stay and hospitalization.

Clinicaltrials.gov.identifier no NCT03248544. Date 8/14/2017.
Clinicaltrials.gov.identifier no NCT03248544. Date 8/14/2017.
Refeeding syndrome can result following excessive feeding of malnourished patients. The syndrome remains poorly defined but encompasses a range of adverse effects including electrolyte shifts, hyperglycaemia and other less well-defined phenomena. There are additional risks of underfeeding malnourished individuals. Studies of refeeding syndrome have generally focussed on critical care environments or patients with anorexia nervosa. Here we have conducted a two-centre, prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial amongst all patients referred to hospital nutrition support teams for intravenous nutrition support. We sought to determine whether electrolyte and other abnormalities suggestive of refeeding syndrome risk varied depending on initial rate of intravenous feeding.

Patients at moderate or high risk of refeeding syndrome, as defined by United Kingdom National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines, were screened for inclusion. Patients were randomised to receive either high (30kcauding cardiac rhythm analysis, infections or length of stay. Our study reflects real world experience of patients referred for nutrition support and highlights challenges encountered when conducting clinical nutrition research.
Available evidence substantiates a strong association between metabolic syndrome and elevated oxidative stress. This study was aimed to assess the effects of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on the oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the association between uric acid levels and insulin resistance indexes was assessed.

An 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was designed. Forty-four patients, 22 males and 22 females aged 20-65 years, were assigned into two groups. Treatment (n=22) and control (n=22) groups consumed 300g/d of probiotic and regular yogurt, respectively. The serum concentration of uric acid, oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured at the beginning and the end of the trial. This study was recorded at http//www.irct.ir (code IRCT201608213140N17).

Probiotic yogurt consumption resulted in a significant decrease in the level of serum uric acid and a significant increase in the level of TAC (p<0.05). A positive significant association between uric acid with insulin concentration and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and an inverse significant relationship with insulin sensitivity (Quicki) were also found (p<0.05).

Probiotic yogurt consumption through improvement in insulin sensitivity may exert positive effects on the oxidative stress and uric acid levels. However, further studies are needed to make concise conclusions.
Probiotic yogurt consumption through improvement in insulin sensitivity may exert positive effects on the oxidative stress and uric acid levels. However, further studies are needed to make concise conclusions.
Sarcopenia, defined as loss of muscle mass, strength and function, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. Despite improved understanding of the multifaceted pathogenesis, there are few established therapies to treat or prevent muscle loss in this population. This narrative review examines the available literature investigating the role of nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of muscle wasting in chronic liver disease.

A comprehensive search or Medline and PubMED databases was conducted. Reference lists were screened to identify additional articles.

A number of nutritional supplements and vitamins target the specific metabolic derangements that contribute to sarcopenia in cirrhosis including altered amino acid metabolism, hyperammonaemia and inflammation. Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has proposed anabolic effects through dual pathways of enhanced ammonia clearance and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. l-carnitine also has multimodal effects on muscle and shows promise as a therapy for muscle loss through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and ammonia lowering properties.
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