Notes

Need for usage of epilepsy keeping track of devices throughout the COVID-19 widespread: General opinion declaration of the International Group versus epilepsy along with the International Federation of Specialized medical Neurophysiology.
The best cell source for tendon engineering will require a case-based assessment. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Optimal acetabular cup orientation is of substantial importance to good long-term function and low complication rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The radiographic anteversion (RA) and inclination (RI) angles of the cup are typically studied due to the practicability, simplicity, and ease of interpretation of their measurements. A great number of methods have been developed to date, most of which have been performed on pelvic or hip anteroposterior radiographs. However, there are primarily two influencing factors for these methods X-ray offset and pelvic rotation. In addition, there are three types of pelvic rotations about the transverse, longitudinal, and anteroposterior axes of the body. Their effects on the RA and RI angles of the cup are interactively correlated with the position and true orientation of the cup. To date, various fitted or analytical models have been established to disclose the correlations between the X-ray offset and pelvic rotation and the RA and RI angles of the cup. Most of th future. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Atlantoaxial dislocation could be caused by odontoid fractures or Os odontoideum. The previous surgical techniques in treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation were based on arch remove decompression or anterior atlantoaxial release and atlantoaxial (occipital-cervical) screw fixation-based reduction and fusion. However, for some clinical situations, all of above techniques cannot be applied. In this study, a patient with atlantoaxial dislocation caused by Os odontoideum treated by posterior occipitocervical fusion 20 years ago and failed. BIX 01294 supplier We design a novel anterior decompression through transoral axis slide and rotation osteotomy for salvage of this failed posterior occipitocervical fusion case. The C2 body and odontoid process was ventrally slide and rotation at good position after operation as well as the position of plate and screws, the spinal canal was increased significantly after operation too. We suggest this anterior decompression through transoral "C2 slide and rotation" technique is good choice for salvage of failed posterior occipitocervical fusion and some irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation because of the anterior bony fusion, it could direct decompress the spinal cord anteriorly, avoid the odontoid resection, and is feasible and safe technique. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2], named COVID-19, hit a major city of China, Wuhan in December 2019 and subsequently spread to other provinces/regions of China and overseas. Several studies have been done to estimate the basic reproduction number in the early phase of this outbreak, yet there are no reliable estimates of case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19 to date. Methods In this study, we used a purely data-driven statistical method to estimate the CFR in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. Daily numbers of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths were collected from January 10 to February 3, 2020 and divided into three clusters Wuhan city, other cities of Hubei province, and other provinces of mainland China. Simple linear regression model was applied to estimate the CFR from each cluster. Results We estimated that CFR during the first weeks of the epidemic ranges from 0.15% (95% CI 0.12-0.18%) in mainland China excluding Hubei through 1.41% (95% CI 1.38-1.45%) in Hubei province excluding the city of Wuhan to 5.25% (95% CI 4.98-5.51%) in Wuhan. Conclusions Our early estimates suggest that the CFR of COVID-19 is lower than the previous coronavirus epidemics caused by SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Heart failure (HF) is an end-stage syndrome of all structural heart diseases which accompanies the loss of myocardium and cardiac fibrosis. Although the role of inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis has recently been a point of focus, the mechanism of inflammasome activation in HF has not yet been elucidated. Methods In this study, we investigated the expression of inflammasome proteins in a rat thoracic aorta constriction (TAC) model and cultured cardiac fibroblasts with stimulation of norepinephrine (NE). Results Our results showed that levels of inflammasome proteins in the myocardial of TAC rats were elevated. By blocking β-adrenergic signaling in the rats, inflammasome activation was suppressed and heart function was improved. The stimulation of cultured cardiac fibroblasts with NE activated inflammasome in vitro, which was abrogated by the inhibition of the calcium channels and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The activation of inflammasome by NE promoted cardiac fibrosis, whereas the inhibition of the calcium channels, ROS, and inflammasome reduced this effect. Conclusions The present study indicated that activation of inflammasome by β-adrenergic signaling promotes cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of inflammasome during HF might provide a novel strategy to treat this disease. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is a commonly used method for the current standard-of-care for most patients with rectal cancer, when the effects of radioresistance are limited. The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PITPNC1), a lipid-metabolism-related gene, has previously been proved to manifest pro-cancer effects in multiple types of cancer. However, whether PITPNC1 plays a role for developing radioresistance in rectal cancer patients is still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of PITPNC1 in rectal cancer radioresistance. Methods Patient-derived tissue were used to detect the difference in the expression level of PITPNC1 between radioresistant and radiosensitive patients. Bioinformatic analyses of high-throughput gene expression data were applied to uncover the correlations between PITPNC1 level and oxidative stress. Two rectal cancer cell lines, SW620, and HCT116, were selected in vitro to investigate the effect of PITPNC1 on radioresistance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and proliferation in rectal cancer. Results PITPNC1 is highly expressed in radioresistant patient-derived rectal cancer tissues compared to radiosensitive tissue; therefore, PITPNC1 inhibits the generation of ROS and improves the extent of radioresistance of rectal cancer cell lines and then inhibits apoptosis. Knocking down PITPNC1 facilitates the production of ROS while application of the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), could reverse this effect. Conclusions PITPNC1 fuels radioresistance of rectal cancer via the inhibition of ROS generation. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Sepsis is a serious systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, with an extremely high mortality rate. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) played a key role in the immune response against infection, whose components and functions were altered radically in Sepsis. Here, we wondered to characterize the alteration of PBMCs in sepsis at the single-cell transcriptional level. Methods We isolated PBMCs from seven septic patients and four donors. Based on BD Rhapsody, PBMCs were generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and cell types were clustered and named by unsupervised clustering and annotation analysis. Results PBMCs were profiled for 6 kinds of cell types, the biological properties of T cell and monocytes were shown in a detailed manner. We noticed that monocytes could be clustered into 6 subsets, with great heterogeneity in the alteration of composition, gene profile, and signaling pathways driven by sepsis. Moreover, the expression of representative genes was high associated with septic clinical indicators in clusters of monocytes, such as NEAT1. Conclusions Although the study was preliminary, we revealed sepsis-specific alteration of PBMCs and associated pathways. These results give a panoramic picture of PBMCs in composition, genes profiles, and pathway signatures that are driven by sepsis, which offers a unique perspective to understand disease progression or treatment in clinical practice. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) is a member of the GPX family, which considered an enzyme that interacts with oxidative stress. GPX1 differential expression is closely correlated with carcinogenesis and disease progression. In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to investigate GPX1 expression level and explore the prognostic information in different human cancers. Methods Expression was analyzed via the Oncomine database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis tool, and potential prognostic analysis was evaluated using the UALCAN, GEPIA, and DriverDBv3 databases. Then, the UALCAN database was used to find the promoter methylation of GPX1 in defied cancer types. While GPX1 related functional networks were found within the GeneMANIA interactive tool and Cytoscape software. Moreover, Metascape online website was used to analyze Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Results We found that GPX1 was commonly overexpressed in most human cancers. High express rights reserved.Background To evaluate the efficacy of the nodal descriptors and subgroups proposed by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) in the 8th edition of the TNM classification system and to provide references for future editions. Methods A total of 3,177 patients with non-small cell lung cancer at the Beijing Cancer Hospital were classified based on the following three methods (I) the N descriptors in the 8th edition of the TNM classification system N0, N1, N2, and N3; (II) the IASLC-proposed N subgroups N1a, N1b, N2a1, N2a2, and N2b; (III) our more extensive division method N1a, N1b, N1c, N2a1, N2a2, N2b1, N2b2, N2c, N3a, and N3b. Five-year survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between subgroups were evaluated using the log-rank test. Results (I) A significant survival difference was found between each adjacent N descriptor; (II) the difference between each adjacent subgroup N descriptor was significant, but the difference between N1b and N2a1 was not; (III) in our proposed method, a significant difference was found between all the subgroups apart from N2a2 and N2b1, N2b1 and N2b2, N2c and N3a, and N3a and N3b. Conclusions The N descriptors in the 8th edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification system are consistent with our data. Although our more extensive division method could distinguish between patients at different stages, its implementation is complicated; thus, we recommend the implementation of the IASLC-proposed subgroups with the addition of the N1b and N2a1 groups. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background A new revision of the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification for lung cancer has been proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), but external validation for it is required. This study aimed to evaluate stage groupings in the 8th edition of the TNM classification in an independent Chinese cohort. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 3,611 patients who were diagnosed as stage I to IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and who received surgical treatment at our institute in China between October 2009 and August 2017. Long-rank tests were used to compare survival between two adjacent stage groups. Results Based on the 8th edition of the TNM classification, differences between every 2 adjacent stage groups were found to be significant except between Ia1 and Ia2 (P=0.062), and between IIIc and IVa (P=0.063). Significant differences were found between every 2 adjacent categories stratified by the T and N descriptors. Additionally, significant differences were found between M0 and M1a (P less then 0.
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